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Enhanced Thermal Stability of Polyaniline with Polymerizable Dopants
Choi, Yeol Kyo,Kim, Hyeong Jun,Kim, Sung Ryul,Cho, Young Min,Ahn, Dong June American Chemical Society 2017 Macromolecules Vol.50 No.8
<P>Diacetylene (DA) is an amphiphilic structure and has been studied as a variety of PDA-based chemosensors. However, the prospect of using diacetylene (DA) as dopant of polyaniline (PANT) is yet to be reported. In this study, new amphiphilic PCDA-taurine and PCDA-pBzS dopants were synthesized by changing the primary functional group to a sulfonic group. These polymerizable dopants are photopolymerized by UV irradiation in PANI solution. Thereby we expect to enhance the thermal stability and sustain the conductivity of PANI. The polymerizable dopants were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and GC-MS. PANI with polymerizable dopants was analyzed by resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS). The thermal stability and conductivity of PANT were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Comparing the TGA results of PANT doped with general dopants with PANT doped with polymerizable dopants, we found that PANI with polymerizable dopants showed enhanced thermal stability.</P>
Choi, Jong-Ryul,Hong, Sung-Woon,Kim, Yu-Ri,Jang, Se-Eun,Kim, Nam-Jae,Han, Myung-Joo,Kim, Dong-Hyun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.3
To evaluate the difference in expressing pharmacological effects of ginseng by intestinal microflora between Koreans, metabolic activities of ginseng, ginsenoside $Rb_1$ and $Rg_1$ by 100 fecal specimens were measured. The ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity for p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside was 0 to 0.42 mmol/min/mg and its average activity (mean${\pm}$SD) was $0.10{\pm}0.07$ mmol/min/mg. The metabolic activities of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 were 0.01 to 0.42 and 0.01 to 0.38 pmol/min/mg, respectively. Their average activities were $0.25{\pm}0.08$ and $0.15{\pm}0.09$ pmol/min/mg, respectively. The compound K-forming activities from ginsenoside Rb1 and ginseng extract were 0 to 0.11 and 0 to 0.02 pmol/min/mg, respectively. Their average compound K-forming activities were $0.24{\pm}0.09$ pmol/min/ mg and $2.14{\pm}3.66$ fmol/min/mg, respectively. These activities all were not different between males and females, or between ages. Although compound K-forming activity from the aqueous extract of ginseng was low compared to that from ginenoside $Rb_1$, their profiles were similar to those of isolated compounds. Based on these findings, we believe that the intestinal bacterial metabolic activities of ginseng components are variable in individuals and may be used as selection markers for responders to ginseng.
A Study on Motion Control of 6WD/6WS Vehicle using Optimum Tire Force Distribution Method
Sang-Ho Kim,Dong-Hyung Kim,Chang-Jun Kim,Young-Ryul Kim,Joo-Young Choi,Chang-Soo Han 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
This paper presents a motion control method of 6WD/6WS (6-wheel-drive and 6-wheel-steering) vehicle using optimum tire force distribution method. When we make used of independent driving and steering system, the motion control performance of the 6WD/6WS vehicle can be improved. For example, vehicle’s maneuverability is more improved at low speed and vehicle’s stability is also improved at high speed. Therefore, it needs to find a control strategy using optimum tire forces. A control strategy must satisfy the driver’"s command and minimize the energy consumption. When the driver commands vehicle (input steering angle and acceleration/brake pedal stroke), we can obtain the desired yaw moment, the desired lateral force and the desired longitudinal force. Those values are used in the optimum tire force distribution method. The optimum tire force distribution method can find the longitudinal tire force and lateral tire force. That force minimizes the cost function. The cost function is the sum of normalized tire force. The longitudinal tire forces and lateral tire force of each wheel are converted to the reference torque inputs and steering wheel angle inputs. The method was tested on the simulation and effectiveness was verified.
Choi, Sang Chul,Lee, Shinyoung,Kim, Sung-Ryul,Lee, Yang-Seok,Liu, Chunyan,Cao, Xiaofeng,An, Gynheung American Society of Plant Biologists 2014 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.164 No.3
<P><I>Histone methyltransferase promotes flowering time predominantly under long-day conditions in rice</I>.</P>
Sang-Sik Lee,Jee-Hun Jang,Chang-Ok Cho,Dong-Jun Kim,Gun-Pil Moon,Buom Kim,Ahn-Ryul Choi,Ki-Young Lee 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.4
Many researchers had examined the validity of using the high-to-low ratio between two fixed frequency band amplitudes (H/L-FFB) from the surface electromyography of a face and body as the first spectral index to assess muscle fatigue. Despite these studies, the disadvantage of this index is the lack of a criterion for choosing the optimal border frequency. We tested the potential of using the high-to-low ratio between two signal spectral moments (H/L-SSM), without fixed border frequencies, to evaluate muscle fatigue and predict endurance time (Tend), which was determined when the subject was exhausted and could no longer follow the fixed contraction cycle. Ten healthy participants performed five sets of voluntary isotonic contractions until they could only produce 10% and 20% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The Tend values for all participants were 138 ± 35 s at 10% MVC and 69 ± 20 s at 20% MVC. Changes in conventional spectral indices, such as the mean power frequency (MPF), Dimitrov spectral index (DSI), H/L-FFB, and H/L-SSM, were extracted from surface EMG signals and were monitored using the initial slope computed every 10% of Tend as a statistical indicator and compared as a predictor of Tend. Significant correlations were found between Tend and the initial H/L-SSM slope as computed over 30% of Tend. In conclusion, initial H/L-SSM slope can be used to describe changes in the spectral content of surface EMG signals and can be employed as a good predictor of Tend compared to that of conventional spectral indices.
Control Method of Modular Interleaved Boost Converter for SOC Balancing in EV
Sung-Hoon Bae,Seong-Chon Choi,Bum-Jun Kim,Young-Ryul Kim,Chung-Yuen Won 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
This paper proposes control method of Differential Discharge Handling (DDH) modules with state of charge(SOC) balancing between battery modules in Electric Vehicle (EV) system. The DDH modules are composed of battery modules and converter modules. To achieve high efficiency, the diode is replaced by MOSFET to use the synchronous boost converter. In order to reduce the ripple of input/output voltage and current, it uses interleaved method. Interleaved converter operation is analyzed according to switching state by using state space averaging method. In order to design controller of the DDH converter, a control transfer function is obtained by using small signal modeling. The proposed SOC balancing algorithm maintains constant DC-link voltage and increases the utilization rate of the battery modules, as performing the discharge balancing between the modules by handling the discharge amount of the battery modules. Experimental results verify the proposed SOC balancing algorithm.
Choi, Bok Ryul,Koo, Bon Chul,Ahn, Kwang Sung,Kwon, Mo Sun,Kim, Jin-Hoi,Cho, Seong-Keun,Kim, Kyoung Mi,Kang, Jee Hyun,Shim, Hosup,Lee, Hyuna,Uhm, Sang Jun,Lee, Hoon Taek,Kim, Teoan JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD 2006 MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.73 No.10
<P>A critical problem of transgenic livestock production is uncontrollable constitutive expression of the foreign gene, which usually results in serious physiological disturbances in transgenic animals. One of the best solutions for this problem may be use of controllable gene expression system. In this study, using retrovirus vectors designed to express the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene under the control of the tetracycline-inducible promoter, we examined whether the expression of the transgene could be controllable in fibroblast cells and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos of porcine. Transformed fibroblast cells were cultured in medium supplemented with or without doxycycline (a tetracycline analog) for 48 hr, and the induction efficiency was measured by comparing EGFP gene expression using epifluorescence microscopy and Western and Northern blot analyses. After the addition of doxycycline, EGFP expression increased up to 17-fold. The nuclei of transformed fibroblast cells were transferred into enucleated oocytes. Fluorescence emission data revealed strong EGFP gene expression in embryos cultured with doxycycline, but little or no expression in the absence of the antibiotic. Our results demonstrate the successful regulation of transgene expression in porcine nuclear transfer embryos, and support the application of an inducible expression system in transgenic pig production to solve the inherent problems of side-effects due to constitutive expression of the transgene. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>