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Kum, Sun-Joo,Yang, Seung-Ok,Lee, Sang Mi,Chang, Pahn-Shick,Choi, Yong Ho,Lee, Jae Jung,Hurh, Byung Serk,Kim, Young-Suk American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.63 No.5
<P>The volatile components of rice-<I>koji doenjang</I> produced in association with various <I>Aspergillus</I> species (<I>A. oryzae</I>, <I>A. sojae</I>, and <I>A. kawachii</I>) during 8 weeks of fermentation were compared using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. In addition, the activities of diverse enzymes (α-amylase, protease, lipase, and esterase) were determined to investigate their effects on the formation of volatile compounds. Regardless of the fungi types, carbonyls including 4-methylheptan-2-one, heptan-2-one, (<I>E</I>)-hept-2-enal, and hexanal were found to contribute mainly to early phase fermentation, whereas the contents of ethyl esters of long-chained fatty acids were considerably enhanced in the latter stage of fermentation. With the exception of α-amylase, the activities of the studied enzymes generally increased as fermentation proceeded, and there were significant differences in enzymes activities between the species of fungi. The lipase activity was strongly correlated with the formation of long-chain fatty acid esters, which could be related to the distinctive organoleptic properties of rice-<I>koji doenjang</I>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2015/jafcau.2015.63.issue-5/jf5056002/production/images/medium/jf-2014-056002_0005.gif'></P>
Kum Chong-Ku,Sung Yu-Taek,Han Mi-Sun,Lee Heon-Sang,Lee Sun-Jeong,Joo Jin-Soo,Kim Woo-Nyon The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.4
The electrical, morphological, and mechanical properties of poly carbonate (PC)/multi-walled carbon nan-otube (MWNT) composites were studied by electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE), scanning electron microscopy, and tensile strength measurements. In the electrical property analysis of the PC/MWNT composites, the percolation threshold of the PC/MWNT composites was observed between 1.5 and 2.5 wt% MWNT content. From the electrical conductivity and EMI SE studies, the theoretical values of the EMI SE were in good agreement with the experimental values of the EMI SE. From the morphology of the PC/MWNT composites, it was observed that MWNT is dispersed homogenously in the PC matrix. From the electrical conductivity and morphological studies, it was suggested that the percolation threshold of the PC/MWNT composites is related with the morphological results in that MWNT is apparently interconnected to form an electrical pathway. The mechanical properties of the PC/MWNT composites peaked at the MWNT content of 2.5 wt%.
( Jin Joo Cha ),( Young Youl Hyun ),( Yi Hwa Jee ),( Mi Jin Lee ),( Kum Hyun Han ),( Young Sun Kang ),( Sang Youb Han ),( Dae Ryong Cha ) 대한신장학회 2012 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.31 No.3
Background: Leptin is an adipokine that is recently reported to be a biomarker of systemic inflammation. Although atherosclerosis causes cardiovascular diseases, it is not clear whether leptin contributes to the acceleration of this process. In this study, we investigated whether alterations of plasma leptin levels were related to diabetic nephropathy and systemic inflammation. In addition, we examined the physiologic action of leptin in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods: A total of 126 type 2 diabetic participants and 37 healthy controls were studied. The diabetic participants were divided into three groups according to stage of nephropathy. We investigated whether leptin induced monocyte chemo- tactic peptide-1 (MCP-1) synthesis through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway using cultured VSMCs. Results: Plasma leptin concentrations were significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the controls. Plasma leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, urinary albumin excretion, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and MCP-1 plasma levels, and negatively correlated with creatinine clearance values. In cultured VSMCs, leptin increased MCP-1 production in a dose-dependent manner, and this stimulating effect of leptin on MCP-1 expression was reversed by the MAPK (MEK) inhibitor PD98059. In addition, leptin stimulated the phosphorylation of MEK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and E26-like transcription factor, which are components of the MAPK pathway. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that activation of leptin synthesis may promote MCP-1 activation in a diabetic environment via the MAPK pathway in VSMCs and that it possibly contributes to the acceleration of atherosclerosis.
고속 동작 및 저전압 PLL을 위한 위상 주파수 검출기 설계
손위(Sun Wei),서해준(Hae-Jun Seo),김영운(Young-Woon Kim),황금주(Kum-Joo Hwang),조태원(Tae-Won Cho) 대한전자공학회 2007 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.11
This paper presents a new PFD circuit which is suitable for the high speed and low voltage PLL. The proposed PFD can operate at 2.2㎓ with a supply voltage of 1.5V and average power dissipation of 0.165㎽. Moreover, the PFD decreases the dead zone to 1㎰. The proposed PFD is designed in a standard CMOS 0.18㎛ technology and simulated by HSPICE.
손위(Sun Wei),김영운(Young-Woon Kim),김영복(Young-Bok Kim),서해준(Hae-Jun Seo),황금주(Kum-Joo Hwang),조태원(Tae-Won Cho) 대한전자공학회 2007 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.7
This paper presents a new simple charge-pump circuit, which is suitable for high speed PLL circuit and operates at a low supply voltage. The charge-pump operates at 800㎒ with a supply voltage of 1.5V. Moreover, the output voltage of the proposed charge-pump circuit has a stable voltage step. The charge-pump is designed in a standard CMOS 0.25㎛ technology and simulated by HSPICE.