Effect of Non-animal-Derived Nitrogen Sources on the Production of Hyaluronic Acid by Streptococcus sp. KL0188

Lee, Gil-Yong,Ha, Suk-Jin,Jung, Jong-Hyun,Seo, Dong-Ho,Park, Jong-Yul,Kim, Su-Rin,Park, Nam-Woo,Kweon, Dong-Keon,Park, Sang-Hoo,Park, Cheon-Seok The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2009 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.52 No.3

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear high-molecular-weight polysaccharide with useful biomedical applications. Streptococcus zooepidemicus, a typical HA-producing bacterium, requires an animal-derived nitrogen source such as tryptone, peptone or sheep blood as a nutrient. Sixteen non-animal-derived (NAD) nitrogen sources were tested as a replacement for the expensive animal-derived nitrogen sources, which may have safety issues. Among the sixteen tested NAD nitrogen sources, a yeast-derived nitrogen source (YE 0251) showed the highest HA productivity, which was equivalent to the control HA production medium containing tryptone in a 5-L jar and in 3,000-L industrial fermentations. In the 3,000-L fermentation, YE 0251 increased cell mass (dry cell weight) and HA production by 11% and 8%, respectively, compared with the control HA production medium. The fmal specific volumetric productivity (0.41 g/L h) was improved by about 70% after reducing the fermentation time from 20 h to 12 h, compared to the conventional production medium.

콩의 식품적 의의 및 생산수급과 식용콩의 자급 향상

이홍석,이영호,이석하 대한민국 학술원 2011 학술원논문집 : 자연과학편 Vol.50 No.2

콩은 단백질 공급을 비롯하여 영양가가 높아 예로부터 우리의 중요 식품으로 널리 다양하게 이용하여 왔을 뿐 아니라 지속적인 밭작물 재배를 가능케 하는 중요한 역할을 하여 왔으며, 최근에는 건강식품으로 또 친환경 농업 작물로 주목을 받고 있다. 콩은 세계적으로 99,501천ha에서 223,185천톤(2,243kg/ha)이 생산되고 그의 35.5% (35,130백만불)가 수출되고 그 중 43%는 미국 콩이, 96.5%는 미대륙 생산 콩이 수출되고 있으며, 수입의 반 정도는 중국이, 37.6% 정도는 유럽의 선진국과 일본 등 10여 개국에서 각각 수입하고 있고, 우리나라도 10번째의 수입국이며 세계적 소비수요는 계속 증가되고 있다. 우리나라는 1968년의 313,501ha의 재배에서 계속 감소하여 현재는 75,242ha에서 132,674톤이 생산되고 1,261천톤이 수입되었으며, 전체 자급률은 수요량 1,333천톤의 8.6%, 식용 및 기타는 수요량 387천톤의 29.5%에 불과하다. 콩, 특히 식용콩의 증산에 의한 자급율 향상은 경지정리 및 주산단지 조성을 통한 생력기계화 재배를 전제로 첫째, 밭의 작부체계 개선 둘째, 논의 밭 전환재배 셋째, 북한의 동해안 지대의 밭을 장기임대하여 재배하고 그 대가를 쌀 지원으로 하는 것이며 넷째는 인접국에서 밭을 매입 또는 장기 임대하여 생산 공급하는 방법 등을 생각할 수 있을 것이다.

콩의 동화기관과 수용기관의 능력평가

Suk Ha Lee,Yeul Gue Seung,Seok Dong Kim 韓國作物學會 1995 Korean journal of crop science Vol.40 No.2

콩의 수량에 대한 광합성 기관(source)과 광합성생물 수용기관(sink)이 미치는 영향을 살펴 보고자, 꼬투리의 크기에 비하여 종실 건물면적이 불량한 수집검정콩인 강릉재래 밀 금릉재래, 꼬투리의 비대가 충실한 백운콩 및 수원 168호를 공시하였다. 두 수준의 재식밀도(ha당 55,000, 110,000 개체)와 개화기 이후 등숙 기간 중 차광막을 설치하여 광합성 능력에 관여하는 환경요인을 변화시킴으로써 나타나는 건물중분배 및 개체수량 반응을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지상부 및 종실건물중의 품종간 광합성능력 변화를 위한 재식밀도 및 차광시 처리간 유의적인 차이가 인정되었고 품종 및 처리간 유의적인 상호작용 효과도 있었다. 2. 지상부 총건물중에 대한 종실건물중 비율은 품종간 차이가 인정되어, 수원 168호가 가장 높았으며, 광합성 능력을 변화시키기 위한 처리 가운데 극히 광이 부족한S2 를 제외한 나머지 세 처리간 차이는 없었다. 3. 등숙기간중에수량을 위한 source와 sink 능력을 광합성 기관 제한정도(source limitation value)에 의하여 품종간 비교하여 보면, 꼬투리에 종실이 충분히 면적되는 수원 168호는 source가, 수집검정콩인 강릉재래나 금릉재래는 sink의 기능이 수량에 있어서 제한요인으로 작용하였다

반도성 BaTiO₃의 PTCR 효과에 미치는 첨가제와 냉각속도의 영향

이경희,최석진,이병하 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1988 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.-

In this study, first, we measured the PTCR effects according to the variations of dopant amount (0.1-0.3wt% Sb₂O₃, 0.075-0.175w1% ??) of BaTiO₃specimens, which fired at 1320℃ in 1 hour and cooled 100℃/hr rate. Second. we measured the PTCR effects according to the colling rate (200℃/11r, 100℃/hr, 50℃/11r) of 0.lwt% Sb₂O₃or 0.075wt% ?? doped BaTiO₃ specimens which have the best characteristics. Third, we investigated the PTCR effects and microstructures according to the variations of MnSO₄additive amount (0.0045 - 0.0125wt%) of BaTiO₃, specimens based on the compositions and cooling rate which showed the best characteristics from previous experiments. The results were that the PTCR effects were increased and the grain growths were inhibited as the increased amount of MnSO₄and slowed cooling rate.

콩 종실의 Lipoxygenase 활성이 발아특성에 미치는 영향

이석하 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 1999 농업생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

Three lipoxygenase isozymes in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds are thought to be a major contributor to lipid peroxidation and the generation of free radicals which may result in seed deterioration. This study was conducted to understand the relationship between seed lipoxygenase activity and germination and seed vigor in soybean. Two cultivars, Jinpumkong lacking lipoxygenase-2, 3 and Jinpumkong 2 lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3 were evaluated for major traits of seed and germination, and were compared with the normal soybean Taekwangkong containing lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3 isozymes in seed. Seed protein and lipid contents of Jinpumkong and Jinpumkong 2 were similar to those of Taekwangkong. Jinpumkong and Jinpumkong 2 had more palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid in soybean seed than Taekwangkong, but had less stearic acid and oleic acid than Taekwangkong. Type I lipoxygenase activity (pH 9.0) of Jinpumkong lacking lipoxygenase-2, 3 was higher than that of normal Taekwangkong. Germination percentages of Jinpumkong and Jinpumkong 2 were lower than that of Taekwangkong. Electric conductivity was not significantly different in all cultivars. Using two soybean populations derived from the cross between normal Taekwangkong (Lx1Lx2Lx3) and Jinpumkong 2 (lx1lx2lx3) lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3, and between normal Pureunkong (Lx1Lx2Lx3) and Jinpumkong 2 (lx1lx2lx3) lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3, the effects of presence or absence of seed lipoxygenase activity on germination characteristics were evaluated. The F2 derived from the cross between normal Taekwangkong(Lx1Lx2Lx3) and Jinpumkong 2 (lx1lx2lx3) lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3 fitted to a expected segregation ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (normal : lacking L-3 : lacking L-1 and L-2 : lacking L-1, L-2 and L-3), suggesting the tight linkage between the lx1 and lx2 loci, and F8 seeds derived from the cross between normal Pureunkong (Lx1Lx2Lx3) and Jinpumkong 2 (lx1lx2lx3) lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3 fitted to a expected segregation ratio of 1 : 1(L-1, L-2 : l-1, l-2 and L-3 : l-3, respectively). Germination percentages showed wide ranges but didn't differ among lipoxygenase isozyme types of F3 and F8 seeds derived from the cross between normal Taekwangkong (Lx1Lx2Lx3) and Jinpumkong 2 (lx1lx2lx3) lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3, and between normal Pureunkong(Lx1Lx2Lx3) and Jinpumkong 2 (lx1lx2lx3) lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3. After accelerated aging, germination percentages showed wide ranges but didn't differ among lipoxygenase isozyme types of F3 and F8 seeds derived from the cross between normal Taekwangkong (Lx1Lx2Lx3) and Jinpumkong 2 (lx1lx2lx3) lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3, and between normal Pureunkong (Lx1Lx2Lx3) and Jinpumkong 2 (lx1lx2lx3) lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3. Presence or absence of lipoxygenase activity showed no effect on germination percentage.

콩에서 분자유전자 지도에 기초한 협개열성 관련 양적형질 유전자좌 분석

이석하 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2001 농업생명과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

Pod dehiscence (PD), sometimes referred to as shattering in soybean, causes serious yield loss in tropical and subtropical regions. However, breeding for resistance to PD is difficult due to the complicated genetic behavior and environmental interaction. This research was performed to improve breeding efficiency for resistance to PD based on SSR marker in soybean. Using two soybean populations, Keunolkong x Shinpaldalkong and Keunolkong x Iksan 10, a number of QTLs for PD were identified. Of specific interest, QTL at Satt215 on linkage group (LG) J explaining 42.3% of the phenotypic variation was found to be a major QTL conferring PD. In addition to identification of QTLs for PD, QTLs for days to first flowering, ays to flowering, days to maturity, and days from flowering to maturity were also identified. This result suggested that diffeent breeding approach depending upon genetic material should be considered to avoid PD. The major QTL for PD may be used for minimizing soybean PD through effective marker-assisted selection.

요관석의 요관경하배석술 후 요관부목의 선별적 유치

이상훈,윤하나,심봉석,이시내 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

Purpose : Ureteral stent is commonly used after ureterscopic stone removal(URS). However, there is no definitive clinical criteria in inserting the ureteral stent after URS. Patients often complain of bladder irritative symptoms, hematuria. flank pain and additive endoscopic prodedure is neces-sary to remove the ureteral stent. Therefore, we studied the clinical epicacy of selective ureteral stenting only when it is required. Materials and Methods : Of the patients who was taken URS, the following patients were exclu-ded from stent insertion ; 1) Patients who have mild hydronephrosis or symptoms less than 1week. 2) Patients who were able to insert the ureteroscope through the ureteral orifice without difficulty. 3) Patients who hardly have ureteral mucosal damage seen through the ureteroscopic field after the removal of ureteral stone. 4) Patients who did not need the additional lithoclast during the remo-val of ureteral stone. Other than the above patients and those with stones above the mid-ureter, a 6Fr. ureteral stent was inserted and kept for 3weeks. There were 29 unstented patients and 38 stented patients. Results : The average age of the non-stenting and stenting group were 37.5years old and 39.7years old and the average stone size were 0.68cm and 0.80cm. The average operation time was 3 minutes in the non-stenting and 8minutes(including ureteral stent insertion time) in the stenting group. Hos-pital stay was 3days in both groups. Intermittent gross hematuria and irritative symptoms of the bladder was shown for 3weeks after operation in most of the patients(32cases, 84.2%) of the sten-ting group while those in the unstenting group, the symptoms were relieved after2days after operation. Although mild flank pain was shown in few patients(4cases, 13.8%) of the non-stenting group, severe pain requiring intravenous analgesics was not seen in both groups. There were no specific findings in the intravenous urography which was done at 6weeks after operation, and no hematuria and pyuria was found in both groups. Conclusion : The selective placement of ureteral stent following the ureteroscopic removal of stone did not bring specfic complications. We believe that ureteral stent insertion will minimize the inconvenience especially in patients who need to return to their everyday living immediately after operation. Thus ureteral stent insertion should be used in limited situations. 요관경하배석술 후 많은 경우에 있어서 요관부목을 유치하고 잇지만 선별적으로 판단하여 설치할 경우 특별한 문제점이 없었으며, 수술 수 바로 일상생활에 복귀하여야 하는 환자들의 불편함을 최소화할 수 잇을 것으로 생각되며, 요관부목 설치는 제한적인 상황하에서 시행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

수목 정유의 생리활성화에 관한 연구(1) : 침엽수 잎 정유의 항균활성 Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Coniferous Needles

이성숙,강하영,최인규 한국목재공학회 2002 목재공학 Vol.30 No.1

대표적인 침엽수인 소나무, 잣나무, 편백, 화백의 잎 정유를 사용하여 수목 정유의 항균활성에 관하여 조사하였다. 항진균활성은 배지점적법을 이용하여 목재부후균인 Gliocladium virens, Tyromyces palustris, Trametes versicolor를, 비부후성 열화균인 Rhizopus stolonifer를, 수목병원균인 Phomopsis albobestita, Endothia nitschkeii, Melanconis juglandis에 대하여, 그리고 항세균활성은 paper disc법과 탁도측정법을 이용하여 그람양성균인 Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis 및 그람음성균인 Escherichia coli에 대하여 검정하였다. 그 결과 항진균활성은 편백이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 그 다음이 소나무와 잣나무로 목재부후균에 대해서는 소나무가 잣나무보다 높은 활성을, 수목병원균에 대해서는 잣나무가 소나무보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 화백 잎 정유가 가장 활성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 항세균활성은 항진균활성과 달리 소나무 잎 정유가 편백보다 높은 활성을 보였으며 그 다음이 잣나무 그리고 화백의 순이었다. 이러한 정유에 따른 항균 스펙트럼의 차이는 각 정유의 성분 변이와 이러한 성분들의 미생물에 대한 작용특이성에 기인하는 것으로 사료되었다. The essential oils were extracted from the needles of several softwood tree species, Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Chamaecyparis pisifera to investigate their biological activities. The antifungal activity by hyphal growth inhibition method was determined by three wood rot fungi, one mouldous fungi, and three tree pathogenic fungi and the antibacterial activity by paper disc method and turbidiometric method by three gram positive bacteria and one gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, were also tested. Antifungal activity was the best in the essential oil from C. obtusa, and the following was resulted in order of P. densiflora and P. koraiensis. The essential oil from P.densiflora showed higher antifungal activity against wood rot fungi than that from P. koraiensis, while the result was contrary against tree pathogenic fungi. However, the antibacterial activity was the best in the essential oil from P. densiflora, and the following was in order of C. obtusa and P. koraiensis. From these results, the variation of biological activity seemed to be due to the chemical composition of essential oils.

건축물 외장의 배색 유형에 관한 연구 : 광주광역시 금남로 가로 건축물을 중심으로

이청웅,최석창,김양석,하주아 조선대학교 국토개발연구소 1997 국토개발연구 Vol.17 No.1

Since the urban environmental colors as a starting point of the research on environmental colors of the building depend on the environmental characteristics of the complex and various physical and social culture to improve the visual order of the urban landscape and don't establish its system and order, the importance of the visual effects of urban environment has been suggested through the experimental and theoretical research. It is to want to abstract the factor of surface pattern from the side of two dimentional physical factor and perceptual of architecture surface construction by concreting calssifing the criterion of analysis in to rank phase, perceptual concept, finding out basic composition factor of shape and opening architecture surface construction of design. To suggest the material of mere practical color design, this study examines the research of exterial colors of the building on the street, prescribes the characteristics of the building with other environmental factors which compose the colors and aims at suggesting the actual color design materials making the trend of colors the object of the research.

자연 방사선량 중 ²²²Rn 기여 성분 정량 해석

이병영,채하석,전재식,오희필,김도성 대한방사선 방어학회 1989 방사선방어학회지 Vol.14 No.2

옥외 라돈이 호흡기관에 주는 선량을 측정·평가할 목적으로 CR-39 비적검출기를 내장한 라돈컵을 사용하여 대기중 라돈농도를 측정하였다. 직접형 검출기 및 개방 컵과 필터 컵의 구조를 갖는 CR-39비적검출기에 대한 라돈검출인자는 공기중의 농도가 잘 알려진 표준라돈 조사시설에서 이들 검출기와 라돈컵을 일정기간 조사하여 결정하였다. CR-39를 70°c, 30% NaOH용액으로 220분간 화학부식하였을 때 직접형 거출기와 개방 컵, 필터 컵에 대한 라돈검출인자는 각각 0.273, 0.0813, 0.0371tr mm-2/37 Bqm-3·d)였다. 또한 1988년 5월에서 1989년 3월까지 대전(충남대학교)에서 측정한 대기중의 라돈농도는 개방 컵에 의한 결과는 27.4 - 135.8Bq/m3(0.74 - 3.67 pCi/l)로서 연평균 73.3 Bq/m3(1.98 pCi/l)이었으며, 필터 컵에 의한 결과는 16.7 - 143.9 Bq/m3(0.45 - 3.89 pCi/l)로 연평균 68.5 Bq/m3(1.85 pCi/)이었다. 측정한 옥외 대기중이 라돈농도와 부위별 폐선량모형으로부터 산출한 ICRP표준인의 호흡기관에 대한 실효 선량당량률은 약 520 nSv/h로 평가되었다. A study for the assessment of dose given by outdoor radon to respiratory system has been carried out by making use of radon-cups containing CR-39 plastic track detectors. Detection efficiencies were determined by irradiation of the radon-cups in a standard radon chamber of known concentration. Thus determined detection factors of CR-39 plastic track detector in bare, open cup and filtered cup geometry are found to be 0.273, 0.0813 and 0.0371 trmm-2/(37 Bqm-3 d), respectively, which are chemically etched in 30% NaOH solution of 70℃ for 220 minutes. The outdoor radon concentrations measured at Taejeon (Chungnam National University) from May 1988 to March 1989 are in the range of 27.4 - 135.8 Bq/m3 (0.74 - 3.67pCi/l) by open cup and 16.7 - 143.9 Bq/m3 (0.45 - 3.89pCi/l) by filtered cup, which yield overall annual average value of outdoor radon concentration of 70.8 Bq/m3 (1.91 pCi/l). Corresponding effective dose equivalent rate to respiratory system of ICRP standard man is assessed to be 520nSv/h.