A Novel Combined Anesthetic Technique to Improve the Surgical Working Conditions of Lumbar and Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery from a Spine Surgeon’s Perspective: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Subbiah Meenakshisundaram,Madhuvarshinee Kondusamy Manohar,Vinothan Rabindran John Santha,Poornima Vijayakumar,Ramanarayanan Ragupathy,Manikandan Bose,Suresh Palaniappan,James Vijay Anto,Yegumuthu Kri 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.2

Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled study.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of a different combination of anesthetic techniques in lumbar and thoracolumbar spinal surgeries in terms of muscle relaxation and surgical field in addition to hemodynamic parameters.Overview of Literature: Adequate relaxation of the erector spinae muscle and good surgical fields are preferred in lumbar spine surgeries. The effects of anesthetic techniques on these parameters have not been evaluated from a surgeon’s perspective to date. We propose a novel combined anesthetic technique that improves the working conditions from a surgeon’s perspective as we hypothesize that combining general anesthesia (GA) with regional anesthesia (RA) might provide benefits for both techniques.Methods: A prospective randomized study of 76 patients who underwent lumbar and thoracolumbar surgeries was conducted by randomly allocating patients into three anesthetic groups: GA alone, GA with spinal anesthesia (SA), and GA with erector spinae plane block (ESPB) by the allocation concealment method to avoid selection bias. The working conditions were assessed by the same operating surgeon who was blinded by the type of anesthesia to eliminate the assessment bias. Muscle relaxation and surgical field were compared among the three groups along with other hemodynamic parameters to identify any significant differences.Results: Significantly better muscle relaxation, surgeon satisfaction, postoperative analgesia, and blood pressure (BP) were observed in the GA+RA when compared to GA alone (p <0.01), whereas no difference was observed between the GA+SA and GA+ESPB groups (p >0.05). Complications were only observed in the GA+SA group (19%).Conclusions: The study results suggest that the addition of RA to GA may provide better working conditions and surgeon’s satisfaction by improving relaxation of the erector spinae in addition to decreasing the BP and postoperative pain in contrast to the use of GA alone. The combined GA and ESPB techniques may be a viable anesthetic alternative to provide better working conditions for surgeons.

Evaluation of cytotoxicity, biophysics and biomechanics of cells treated with functionalized hybrid nanomaterials

Subbiah, Ramesh,Ramasundaram, Subramaniyan,Du, Ping,Hyojin, Kim,Sung, Dongkyung,Park, Kwideok,Lee, Nae-Eung,Yun, Kyusik,Choi, Kyoung Jin Royal Society 2013 Journal of the Royal Society, Interface Vol.10 No.88

<P>Hybrids consisting of carboxylated, single-walled carbon nanotube (c-SWNT)–silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-DNA–poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) are synthesized via sequential functionalization to mimic the theragnostic (therapy and diagnosis) system. Carboxylation of SWNT has minimized the metal impurities with plenty of –COOH groups to produce hybrid (c-SWNT-AgNPs). The hybrid is further wrapped with DNA (hybrid-DNA) and encapsulated with PVA as hybrid composite (HC). Materials were tested against human alveolar epithelial cells (A549), mouse fibroblasts cells (NIH3T3) and human bone marrow stromal cells (HS-5). The composition-sensitive physico-chemical interactions, biophysics and biomechanics of materials-treated cells are evaluated. The cell viability was improved for HC, hybrid-PVA and c-SWNT when compared with SWNT and hybrid. SWNT and hybrid showed cell viability less than 60% at high dose (40 µg ml<SUP>−1</SUP>) and hybrid-PVA and HC retained 80% or more cell viability. The treatment of hybrid nanomaterials considerably changed cell morphology and intercellular interaction with respect to the composition of materials. Peculiarly, PVA-coated hybrid was found to minimize the growth of invadopodia of A549 cells, which is responsible for the proliferation of cancer cells. Surface roughness of cells increased after treatment with hybrid, where cytoplasmic regions specifically showed higher roughness. Nanoindentation results suggest that changes in biomechanics occurred owing to possible internalization of the hybrid. The changes in force spectra of treated cells indicated a possible greater interaction between the cells and hybrid with distinct stiffness and demonstrated the surface adherence and internalization of hybrid on or inside the cells.</P>

Structural and biological evaluation of a multifunctional SWCNT-AgNPs-DNA/PVA bio-nanofilm

Subbiah, Ramesh P.,Lee, Haisung,Veerapandian, Murugan,Sadhasivam, Sathya,Seo, Soo-won,Yun, Kyusik Springer-Verlag 2011 ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Vol.400 No.2

Osteogenic/Angiogenic Dual Growth Factor Delivery Microcapsules for Regeneration of Vascularized Bone Tissue.

Subbiah, Ramesh,Hwang, Mintai Peter,Van, Se Young,Do, Sun Hee,Park, Hansoo,Lee, Kangwon,Kim, Sang Heon,Yun, Kyusik,Park, Kwideok Wiley-VCH 2015 Advanced Healthcare Materials Vol.4 No.13

<P>Growth factors (GFs) are major biochemical cues for tissue regeneration. Herein, a novel dual GF delivery system is designed composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and alginate microcapsules (MCs) via an electrodropping method. While bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 is encapsulated in the PLGA NPs, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is included in the alginate MCs, where BMP-2-loaded PLGA NPs are entrapped together in the fabrication process. The initial loading efficiencies of BMP-2 and VEGF are 78% 3.6% and 43% 1.7%, respectively. When our dual GF-loaded MCs are assessed for in vitro osteogenesis of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) on 2D and 3D environment, MCs contribute to much better UCB-MSCs osteogenesis as confirmed by von Kossa staining, immunofluorescence (osteocalcin, collagen 1), calcium content measurement, and osteogenic markers expression. In addition, when dual GF-encapsulated MCs are combined with collagen and then applied to 8 mm diameter rat calvarial defect model, the positive effects on vascularized bone regeneration are much more pronounced; micro computed tomography (CT) and histology analyses exhibit 82.3% bone healing coupled with 12.6% vessel occupied area. Put together, current study indicates a synergistic effect of BMP-2/VEGF and highlights the great potential of dual GF delivery modality (PLGA NPs-in-MC) for regeneration of vascularized bone.</P>

Investigation of cellular responses upon interaction with silver nanoparticles

Subbiah, Ramesh,Jeon, Seong Beom,Park, Kwideok,Ahn, Sang Jung,Yun, Kyusik Dove Medical Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.10 No.specal

<P>In order for nanoparticles (NPs) to be applied in the biomedical field, a thorough investigation of their interactions with biological systems is required. Although this is a growing area of research, there is a paucity of comprehensive data in cell-based studies. To address this, we analyzed the physicomechanical responses of human alveolar epithelial cells (A549), mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3), and human bone marrow stromal cells (HS-5), following their interaction with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). When compared with kanamycin, AgNPs exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. Cell viability ranged from ≤80% at a high AgNPs dose (40 µg/mL) to >95% at a low dose (10 µg/mL). We also used atomic force microscopy-coupled force spectroscopy to evaluate the biophysical and biomechanical properties of cells. This revealed that AgNPs treatment increased the surface roughness (<I>P</I><0.001) and stiffness (<I>P</I><0.001) of cells. Certain cellular changes are likely due to interaction of the AgNPs with the cell surface. The degree to which cellular morphology was altered directly proportional to the level of AgNP-induced cytotoxicity. Together, these data suggest that atomic force microscopy can be used as a potential tool to develop a biomechanics-based biomarker for the evaluation of NP-dependent cytotoxicity and cytopathology.</P>

Fabrication of a cerium-doped nickel ferrite solid-state reference electrode and its performance evaluation in concrete environment

Subbiah, Karthick,Han-Seung, Lee,Yun Su, Lee,Jitendra Kumar, Singh,Seung-Jun, Kwon,Rethinam, Natarajan Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.251 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we fabricated a solid-state reference electrode (SSRE) using cerium (Ce) doping in nickel ferrite (NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) nanoparticles (NPs) to monitor the corrosion of steel rebar in concrete. The process for synthesis of NPs was sol-gel combustion. The NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) probed with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These techniques confirmed that the Ce doping was achieved successfully. The electrochemical stability of the fabricated SSRE was studied in buffer solution at different pH (7, 9, and 12) as well as in synthetic concrete pore solution (SCPS) and 3% NaCl-contaminated SCPS. Chloride ions do not affect the property of Ce<B>-</B>doped NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. The stability of Ce-doped SSREs in different solutions as well as in concrete was constant throughout the exposure periods. The reversibility test results of Ce<B>-</B>doped NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> in SCPS solution for NiCe<SUB>0.1</SUB>Fe<SUB>1.9</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (NFC1) and NiCe<SUB>0.5</SUB>Fe<SUB>1.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (NFC5) showed 20 and 15mV, respective differences in potential between the forward and reverse scan. This result indicates that Ce<B>-</B>doped NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> SSREs have better reversibility behavior than NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> in SCPS. The reliability of NFC5 SSRE is excellent in SCPS and a concrete environment, and the maximum difference in both conditions was 5mV, which is within the range of acceptable values. This indicates that Ce<B>-</B>doped NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> SSRE can be used as a reliable embeddable sensor in concrete structures.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ce doped nickel ferrite was developed as a novel solid state reference electrode. </LI> <LI> Doping of Ce in nickel ferrite was successfully achieved. </LI> <LI> Stability of fabricated SSREs was studied in different pH solutions. </LI> <LI> Fabricated Ce doped SSREs attributed strong stability and high reversibility. </LI> </UL> </P>

Hedyotis sithiravaraiensis(Rubiaceae): a new species from Southern Ind

Subbiah Muruganandam,Krishnamoorthy Devanathan,Sundaramurthy Ravikumar,Duvuru Narasimhan 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.4

During the ethnobotanical survey on the Pakkamalai, Gingee Hills, one of the Eastern Ghats hill ranges,the authors found a new species, which has been used as a medicinal plant in the local region in India.After a critical examination of the specimen and literature, it is described as new to science,Hedyotissithiravaraiensissp. nov. Description and illustration of the new species are given.

A New Report on Plant Growth Promotion and Antagonistic Potential of Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophic Bacteria (delftia Sp And Bacillus Spp.) against Root Pathogens in Tomato

Subbiah Sundaram,Veeranan Janahiraman,Rangasamy Anandham,Tongmin Sa 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Interaction of Resveratrol and Genistein with Nucleic Acids

( Subbiah Usha ),( Irudayam Maria Johnson ),( Raghunathan Malathi ) 생화학분자생물학회 2005 BMB Reports Vol.38 No.2

Resveratrol (RES) and genistein (GEN) are the dietary natural products known to possess chemopreventive property and also the ability to repair DNA damage induced by mutagens/carcinogens. It is believed that the therapeutic activity of these compounds could be primarily due to their interaction with nucleic acids but detailed reports are not available. We here explore the interaction of these drugs with nucleic acids considering DNA and RNA as a potential therapeutic target. The interaction of RES and GEN has been analysed in buffered solution with DNA [saline sodium citrate (SSC)] and RNA [tris ethylene diammine tetra acetic acid (TE)] using UV absorption and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV analysis revealed lesser binding affinity with nucleic acids at lower concentration of RES (P/D = 5.00 and 10.00), while at higher drug concentration (P/D = 0.75, 1.00 and 2.50) hyperchromic effect with shift in the λ_(max) is noted for DNA and RNA. A major RES-nucleic acids complexes was observed through base pairs and phosphate backbone groups with K = 35.782 M^(-1) and K = 34.25 M^(-1) for DNARES and RNA-RES complexes respectively. At various concentrations of GEN (P/D = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 2.50) hyperchromicity with shift in the λ_(max) from 260 - 263 mn and 260 -* 270 nm is observed for DNA-GEN and RNA-GEN complexes respectively. The binding constant (from UV analysis) for GEN-nucleic acids complexes could not be obtained due to GEN absorbance overlap with that of nucleic acids at 260 mn. Nevertheless a detailed analysis with regard to the interaction of these drugs (RES/GEN) with DNA and RNA could feasibly be understood by FTIR spectroscopy. The NH band of free DNA and RNA which appeared at 35503100 cm^(-1) and 3650-2700 cm^(-1) shifted to 3450-2950 cm^(-1) and 3550-3000 cm^(-1) in DNA-RES and RAN-RES complexes respectively. Similary shifts corresponding to 3650-3100 cm^(-1) and 3420-3000 cm^(-1) have been observed in DNA-GEN and RNA-GEN complexes respectively. The observed reduction in NH band of free nucleic acids upon complexation of these drugs is an indication of the involvement of the hydroxyl (OH) and imino (NH) group during the interaction of the drugs and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) through H-bonded formation. The interaction fo RES and GEN with bases appears in the order of G≥T>C>A and A>C≥T>G. Further interaction of these natural compounds with DNA and RNA is also supported by chanes in the vibrational frequency(shift/intensity) in symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching of aromatic rings of drugs in the complex spectra. No appreciable shift is observed in the DNA and RNA market bands, indicating that the B-DNA form and A-family conformation of RNA are not altered during their interaction with RES and GEN.

Assessment of Impact of Information Technology on Rural Areas of India

Subbiah Arunachalam,S.Senthilkumaran Asian pacific women's information network center 2001 APWIN Vol.3 No.-

This project has established a hub-and-spoke model of datacum- voice communication in a group of six villages in Pondicherry in South India. The village centers can communicate with each other as well as to the Internet. A hybrid of technologies is used - wired with wireless for communication and solar with mains for power supply. The hub provides connectivity to the Internet through dial-up telephone lines, and the staff there creates locally useful content. The village centers receive queries from the local residents and transmit information, collected from the hub, back to them. An important feature of this project is the strong sense of ownership that the village communities have developed towards the village centers. The other key feature is the active participation of rural women in the management of the village center as well as in using it. A system of close consultation between the project staff and the rural users has been evolved, so that information needs are realistically assessed. Quantitative data are collected on the use patterns, and stories of deriving benefit have beer chronicled. On the whole, the impact has been positive. There is significant policy interest in the project outcome.