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Manoshi Hazra,Taposhi Hazra,Robert A. Spicer,Subhankar Kumar Sarkar,Teresa E.V. Spicer,Subir Bera,Mahasin Ali Khan 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3
In situ preservation of fossil insect damage in plant fossils is an excellent tool to study the coevolution of flora and fauna through geological time, but finding both damage and the insect causing that damage in the same specimen is a very rare phenomenon. Galling is a common form of angiosperm leaf damage, which can be regarded as a kind of extended phenotype of the causal insects, essentially the gall midges, but galls usually lack remains of the insects themselves. Here we report the in situ occurrence of a gall midge (Insecta, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) as well as its pupal exuviae on the abaxial cuticular surface of fossilized leaf cuticle fragments of Fabaceae leaves (cf. Albizia) that also bear galls, recovered from the latest Neogene (Rajdanda Formation, Pliocene) sediments of the Chotonagpur Plateau, Jharkhand, northeastern India. This Pliocene gall midge features well-preserved legs, segmented antenna with distinct and enlarged scape, elongate curved setae, and longer than broad terminal plate of the ovipositor lamellae. The in situ presence of a gall midge on a host fabaceous leaf cuticle indicates the existence of a host-ectoparasite relationship in the ancient warm and humid tropical monsoon-influenced forests of eastern India during the Pliocene. This is the first authentic fossil record of an in situ phytophagous insect of Cecidomyiidae from India, as well as southeast Asia. Although the identification of the recovered phytophagous insect associated with the fossil leaf cuticle is only possible to family level, this find reveals that such plant-insect relationships existed in the Pliocene of eastern India.
Duplex-Specific Nuclease-Amplified Detection of MicroRNA Using Compact Quantum Dot-DNA Conjugates
Wang, Ye,Howes, Philip D.,Kim, Eunjung,Spicer, Christopher D.,Thomas, Michael R.,Lin, Yiyang,Crowder, Spencer W.,Pence, Isaac J.,Stevens, Molly M. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.34
<P>Advances in nanotechnology have provided new opportunities for the design of next-generation nucleic acid biosensors and diagnostics. Indeed, combining advances in functional nanoparticles, DNA nanotechnology, and nuclease-enzyme-based amplification can give rise to new assays with advantageous properties. In this work, we developed a microRNA (miRNA) assay using bright fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), simple DNA probes, and the enzyme duplex-specific nuclease. We employed an isothermal target-recycling mechanism, where a single miRNA target triggers the cleavage of many DNA signal probes. The incorporation of DNA-functionalized QDs enabled a quantitative fluorescent readout, mediated by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based interaction with the DNA signal probes. Our approach splits the reaction in two, performing the enzyme-mediated amplification and QD-based detection steps separately such that each reaction could be optimized for performance of the active components. Target recycling gave ca. 3 orders of magnitude amplification, yielding highly sensitive detection with a limit of 42 fM (or 1.2 amol) of miR-148, with excellent selectivity versus mismatched sequences and other miRNAs. Furthermore, we used an alternative target (miR-21) and FRET pair for direct and absolute quantification of miR-21 in RNA extracts from human cancer and normal cell lines.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Reiff, William M.,Schulz, Charles E.,Whangbo, Myung-Hwan,Seo, Jung In,Lee, Yoon Sup,Potratz, Gregory R.,Spicer, Charles W.,Girolami, Gregory S. American Chemical Society 2009 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.131 No.2
<P>Mossbauer, EPR, magnetic susceptibility, and DFT studies of the unusual two-coordinate iron(II) amide Fe[N(t-Bu)(2)](2) show that it retains a linear N-Fe-N framework due to the nonbonding delta nature of the (xy, x(2)-y(2)) orbitals. The resulting near-degenerate ground state gives rise to a large magnetic moment and a remarkably large internal hyperfine field. The results confirm that extraordinary orbital magnetic effects can arise in linear transition metal complexes in which orbital degeneracies are not broken by Jahn-Teller or Renner-Teller distortions.</P>
새로운 Authracycline 계 항암성 항생물질 DA-125 의 랫드에 대한 4주 용량설정시험 ( DRF ) 과 13 주 아급성 독성시험
백남기(Nam Gi Baik),안병옥(Byoung Ok Ahn),이순복(soon Bok Lee),이상득(Sang Deuk Lee),김원배(Won Bae Kim),양중익(Jung Ick Yang),(Eric J . F . Spicer),(Susan Novitsky),(Lee Bernal),(Pamela Ball),(Mary Ellen Mckenna),(K . 한국응용약물학회 1994 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.2 No.2
This study was conducted to investigate the repeated dose toxicity of DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, in rats. Before the 13-week main study, a 4-week dose-range finding (DRF) study was carried out. The administration of DA-125 intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 0.125, 0.5, 2.0, and 8.0 ㎎/㎏/day to rats for 4 weeks resulted in premature deaths of all animals in the 8.0 ㎎/㎏/day group and in the deaths of 4 males and 4 females at 2.0 ㎎/㎏/day. Body weights were markedly reduced in the 8.0 ㎎/㎏/day group and showed dose-related decreases in all treatment groups when compared with the control group. Reductions in weight gain were slight and not significantly different at 0.125 ㎎/㎏/day but animals receiving 0.5 ㎎/㎏/day showed more marked decreases in gain in a clear dose-related manner. Based on the results of the above DRF study, a 13-week repeated dose intravenous toxicity study in rats with DA-125 was performed at a dose level of 0, 0.012, 0.08 and 0.3 ㎎/㎏/day. No treatment related effects were noted in behavior or body weight in all treatment groups. One male at the highest dose level died on study day 26, but the death could not be related to test article toxicity. Swelling and scabbing of the ears was present in all of the groups, including the control group. There were no treatment related changes in the hematological, biochemical or urinalysis values in all treatment groups. Thymus weights were significantly reduced in males receiving 0.3 ㎎/㎏/day and they were sligltly, and not significantly, reduced in females of the same group. While there were no associated histological changes. Treatment related necrosis was found in the tail vein (injection site) at 0.08 and 0.3 ㎎/㎏/day. On the basis of these results, the no observed effect level (NOEL) was 0.012 ㎎/㎏/day and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was estimated to be more than 0.3 ㎎/㎏/day under the conditions tested.