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Kush Shah,Douglas Crowder,Jean Overmeyer,William Maltese,Yang Yun 대한의용생체공학회 2015 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.5 No.2
The emergence of nanomedicine and nanotechnology has started to change the clinical approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Innovations include drug targeting and enhanced efficacy. A drug carrier that has many desired properties for nanomedicine is hyaluronan. It has high affinity for water, does not induce an immunological response for high molecular weight hyaluronan, and possesses functional groups for drug conjugation. Furthermore, many carcinomas naturally overexpress hyaluronan receptors. Therefore, hyaluronan is an attractive biopolymer for formulating drug delivery devices and has been chemically modified to make liposomes, nanoparticles, and pendant-chain systems. Hyaluronan is even being developed as an excipient to enhance the effectiveness of drugs. These results merit the commercialization of hyaluronan-based nanotechnology.
Balikov, Daniel A.,Crowder, Spencer W.,Lee, Jung Bok,Lee, Yunki,Ko, Ung Hyun,Kang, Mi-Lan,Kim, Won Shik,Shin, Jennifer H.,Sung, Hak-Joon MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.2
<P>Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been widely studied for therapeutic development in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They can be harvested from human donors via tissue biopsies, such as bone marrow aspiration, and cultured to reach clinically relevant cell numbers. However, an unmet issue lies in the fact that the hMSC donors for regenerative therapies are more likely to be of advanced age. Their stem cells are not as potent compared to those of young donors, and continue to lose healthy, stemness-related activities when the hMSCs are serially passaged in tissue culture plates. Here, we have developed a cheap, scalable, and effective copolymer film to culture hMSCs obtained from aged human donors over several passages without loss of reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling or differentiation capacity. Assays of cell morphology, reactive oxygen species load, and differentiation potential demonstrate the effectiveness of copolymer culture on reduction in senescence-related activities of aging donor-derived hMSCs that could hinder the therapeutic potential of autologous stem cell therapies.</P>
Duplex-Specific Nuclease-Amplified Detection of MicroRNA Using Compact Quantum Dot-DNA Conjugates
Wang, Ye,Howes, Philip D.,Kim, Eunjung,Spicer, Christopher D.,Thomas, Michael R.,Lin, Yiyang,Crowder, Spencer W.,Pence, Isaac J.,Stevens, Molly M. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.34
<P>Advances in nanotechnology have provided new opportunities for the design of next-generation nucleic acid biosensors and diagnostics. Indeed, combining advances in functional nanoparticles, DNA nanotechnology, and nuclease-enzyme-based amplification can give rise to new assays with advantageous properties. In this work, we developed a microRNA (miRNA) assay using bright fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), simple DNA probes, and the enzyme duplex-specific nuclease. We employed an isothermal target-recycling mechanism, where a single miRNA target triggers the cleavage of many DNA signal probes. The incorporation of DNA-functionalized QDs enabled a quantitative fluorescent readout, mediated by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based interaction with the DNA signal probes. Our approach splits the reaction in two, performing the enzyme-mediated amplification and QD-based detection steps separately such that each reaction could be optimized for performance of the active components. Target recycling gave ca. 3 orders of magnitude amplification, yielding highly sensitive detection with a limit of 42 fM (or 1.2 amol) of miR-148, with excellent selectivity versus mismatched sequences and other miRNAs. Furthermore, we used an alternative target (miR-21) and FRET pair for direct and absolute quantification of miR-21 in RNA extracts from human cancer and normal cell lines.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>