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Fast pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic study of Ceylon tea waste
Soysa, R.,Choi, Y.S.,Kim, S.J.,Choi, S.K. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.41 No.37
Biocrude-oil, produced through thermochemical process of fast pyrolysis, can also be a possible alternative renewable liquid fuel, although lower in heating value in comparison to that of conventional petroleum fuels. Aqueous biocrude-oil solutions can be a favorable intermediate step in the production of hydrogen. Annually abundantly found Ceylon Refused Tea Waste is used in this study to produce biocrude-oil, while producing a sustainable and useful biochar. Ceylon Refused Tea was subjected to varying pyrolysis reaction temperatures ranging from 723, 773, 823 and 873 K in order to analyze the variations of physico-chemical properties of produced biocrude-oils alongside establishing optimum mass and energy yields for biocrude-oil production. Thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis was also performed for Ceylon Refuse Tea Waste. The reaction temperature of 773 K converted the highest biocrude-oil energy yields with a HHV of 15.6 MJ/kg and a water content of 36.8 wt%. The FTIR analysis establishes high aqueous fractions of biocrude-oil which can lead to favorable hydrogen production. Comparative study is done with respect to Douglas fir and coffee ground on the suitability of the feed in producing biocrude-oil.
Synergetic effect of biomass mixture on pyrolysis kinetics and biocrude-oil characteristics
Soysa, R.,Choi, Y. S.,Choi, S. K.,Kim, S. J.,Han, S. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.2
<P>Biocrude-oil characteristics were investigated from fast pyrolysis of a mixture of Douglas fir and coffee ground. The mixture was prepared on a 1: 1 weight basis and pyrolyzed in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Characteristics of biocrude-oil were compared at various reaction temperatures ranging from 673-873K. The mixture resulted in a more improved quality biocrude-oil than each biomass feedstock at the reaction temperature of 823 K with significantly low atomic ratio of 0.43 O/C. The kinetic parameters for biomass decomposition were investigated through Friedman, KAS, FWO and CC isoconversional models. In mixture pyrolytic conversion range of 0.1-0.8, the average activation energy was found to be 135 kJ/mol. The results showed that pyrolysis of coffee ground with Douglas fir has more synergetic effect than individual biomass, which leads to a potentially higher quality fuel with lower activation energy to that of biomass.</P>
de Soysa Indra,Kaasa Jorunn,Rød Jan Ketil 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2023 International Area Studies Review Vol.26 No.4
Large segments of populations in the industrialized West believe that immigrants cause crime. Some scholars suggest that it is generous welfare that attracts so-called “welfare magnets,” increasing the possibility that the worst kind of immigrant locates in strong welfare states. Empirical studies on crime, however, do not support the view that immigrants are more to blame for crime than natives, although some immigrant groups might be overrepresented in crime statistics. We address this question by examining if immigration increases crime within Norwegian municipalities, thereby, indirectly testing whether Norway, one of the most generous welfare states, acts as a magnet for “bad” immigrants. Our results do not support the view that a strong welfare state with a lenient penal system generates moral hazard, nor that welfare states systematically attract the “bad” immigrants. These results support a host of studies from other industrialized countries, particularly the US, showing higher immigrant populations associated with lower crime. The results from Norway, thus, while showing some support for the view that welfare potentially cushions the many pathologies associated with crime and victimization, mitigating the development of criminogenic environments, are also in line with an emerging academic consensus. This consensus suggests that immigration reduces crime, which is good news for progressive policy and for generating a more nuanced discourse on the subject.
Indra de Soysa 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2011 International Area Studies Review Vol.14 No.1
Several prominent economists have recently argued that ethnic and other forms of social diversity lead to economic failure. Apparently, serious social frictions caused by diverse preferences do not create conditions for the development of endogenous institutions that enhance good economic policies. Others, however, have shown that diversity reduces transaction costs within and between groups absent good public institutions, because of within-group social capital and ingroup policing in repeated dealings across groups. High diversity also reduces mass mobilization and forces consensus: ethnic diversity acts as a barrier against the concentration of absolute power. Using several measures of ethnic diversity, this study demonstrates that diversity and cultural difference reduce serious social frictions measured as the repression of political dissent. This study also finds that higher social diversity directly predicts higher levels of economic freedom, a proxy often used to gauge the market-friendliness of a country, the endogenous conditions often associated with economic success. The same results are true when a measure of the control of corruption is used. The results show that diversity enhances, not retards, the prospects for development and reduces social frictions. It may very well be that discourses of conflict, particularly the discourses of blame and recrimination based on ethnic ties where economic failure is apparent, is mistaken as the cause rather than the byproduct of crises, mistakenly attributed to historical conditions that have generated artificial borders. Empirically, diversity seems to foster, not displace, the preconditions for development.
Indra de Soysa 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2017 International Area Studies Review Vol.20 No.1
The Norwegian government enthusiastically supports the protection of forests, which are important CO2 sinks. Given all the difficulty surrounding the reduction of greenhouse gases, funding the protection of forests is a sound proposition. Up to the present time, how well has Norwegian aid to forests and Norwegian bilateral aid affected the health of forests? Using World Bank data on forest degradation and change in forest area for roughly 130 developing countries from 1999 to 2013, we find that higher levels of Norwegian forest aid among recipient countries has generally had no effect on reducing degradation, while total Norwegian bilateral aid is associated with increased degradation, results that might very well be causal because they are robust to estimations using instrumental variable techniques. Two-step selection models show that forest aid also increases forest degradation, result that are quite unflattering of Norwegian aid. These results are robust to several alternative specifications of our models and to alternative estimation techniques including country fixed effects. Two clear lessons emerge from our findings; firstly, that Norwegian aid does not seem to be coordinated for addressing the problem of forest degradation; and secondly, aid as a means to solve the climate problem likely faces steep obstacles if even a non-strategic, aid-giving country, such as Norway, is capable of more harm than good.
Pantu Kumar Roy,Ghangyong Kim,Xun Fang,Bahia MS Hassan,Mahanama De Soysa,Sang Tae Shin,Jong Ki Cho 한국수정란이식학회 2017 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.32 No.3
This study was conducted to establish the optimal chemical post-activation conditions in porcine embryonic development after parthenogenesis (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using 4 different chemical compositions (cytochalasin B (CB), cyclohexamide (CHX), demecolcine (DC), 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP). Porcine embryos were produced by PA and SCNT and then, cultured for post-activation with CB (7.5 μg/mL), CB (7.5 μg/mL) + CHX (10 μg/mL), CB (7.5 μg/mL) +DC (0.4 μg/mL), and CB (7.5 μg/mL) + DMAP (2 mM). In PA embryonic development, cleavage rates have been significantly higher in CB group (94.7%) and CB+DMAP group (94.1%) than that of CB+CHX and CB+DC group (88.1 and 84.3%, respectively). There have been no significant differences in blastocyst formation rates among the four groups. In cell number of blastocyst was shown in CB group (42.3%) significantly higher than CB+CHX and CB+DC group (40.6 and 40.6%, respectively). In SCNT embryonic development, CB+DMAP group (89.7%) significant differences were found on embryo cleavage rates when compared with other three groups. Blastocyst formation rates in CB+DMAP group (26.9%) were significantly higher when compared with CB, CB+CHX, and CB+DC groups (25.5, 20.2, and 22.1%, respectively). In blastocyst cell number, CB+DMAP group (41.4%) was found higher significant difference compared with other three groups. Additionally, we have investigated survivin expression in early development stages of porcine SCNT embryos for more confirmation. Our results establish that CB group and CB+DMAP group for 4 h during post-activation improves pre-implantation improvement of PA and SCNT embryos.