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The effect of the transverse arch height on the lower limb joint during gait
Soyeon Hwang(황소연),Hyunjin Kwon,Kiwon Park(박기원),Sangin Park(박상인) 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11
The arch of the foot is responsible for the stability of gait. Recently, it has been revealed that transverse arch affects the stiffness of longitudinal arch, and that analyzing only longitudinal arch is insufficient to accurately define the characteristics of the foot. This study expanded the scope of research related to arches by revealing the effect of the height of the arch on the lower limb joints among the characteristics of transverse arch through dynamics analysis. In the ankle joint, it was found that the higher the height of the horizontal arch, the greater the range of motion. Excessive range of motion in the ankle joint can lead to injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament and pain in the foot, instability in gait. This study is meaningful in that it provides the characteristics of transverse arch for the development of correction instrument to solve short and long-term problems.
The Interactive Effects of Motivation and Contingent Rewards on Employee Creativity
Soyeon Hwang,Heajung Jung 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.7
Purpose – This study examined the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employee creativity. Past research has consistently shown that intrinsic motivation is positively related to creativity. Yet conflicting results have been reported about the relationship between extrinsic motivation and creativity. To explore the reason why extrinsic motivation can either help or hurt creativity, we examined the role of contingent rewards as a moderator and tested whether either tangible or intangible rewards contingent upon creative performance significantly impact the relationship between extrinsic motivation and creativity. Research design, data, and methodology – Survey data was collected from employees working for diverse organizations in Korea through online research firm. Only employees who reported their job or organization provided opportunities to use their creativity were allowed to continue the survey. Out of 305 initial responses collected, those with too much missing data were deleted, which finally left 278 responses for statistical analyses. To examine the validity of the measurements, confirmatory factor analysis was first conducted. Next, to test the hypothesized relationships, multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results – As hypothesized, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation had positive effects on creativity. It was shown that contingent rewards did not influence the positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity, but did significantly moderate the relationship between extrinsic motivation and creativity in a way that tangible rewards strengthened the relationship while intangible rewards mitigated the same relationship. Conclusions – This research enhances our understanding on the relationship between motivation type, rewards, and creativity. Intrinsically motivated employees showed a high level of creativity regardless of whether rewards were expected or not. In contrast, extrinsically motivated employees showed more or less creative behavior depending on whether they were expected to have tangible or intangible rewards. As extrinsic motivation is typically associated with tangible rewards such as pay, promotion, etc., tangible rewards were seen to be more effective in promoting creative performance from extrinsically motivated employees than intangible rewards. Our findings make a significant theoretical contribution to reconcile prior inconsistent findings. Furthermore, they provide useful insights for managers and organizations into developing effective strategies for facilitating employee creativity.
일본학(和學)의 성립과 북학(北學)의 전개: 신유한 · 원중거 · 박제가를 중심으로
황소연(Soyeon Hwang) 한국동서비교문학학회 2020 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.51
Travelog may not be a systematic description due to the differences of its historical background and observers’ emotional experiences, but offers a vivid information reflecting the alien residents’ cultural, psychological attitudes and feelings. For instance, there are a lot of comments concerning Japanese red-light district and Joseon’s gisaeng (geisha) in Shin Yuhan’s travelog (1719) and Kim Ingeom’s (1763) unlike the established travel essays. On the other hand, Won, Junggeo declares his own travelog spares any sexual expressions, which is quite different from these two writers’ descriptive stances. It can be speculated that there is a considerable gap between Won’s attitude toward Japanese custom in view of Neo-Confucianism and Shin’s way to close his psychological distance by encountering heterogeneous Japanese culture personally. Park possibly got information concerning Japan from Won having worked together with him at Gyujanggak Library, but the former’s view of the world differs from the latter’s. It is extraordinary that Won criticized Japanese Confucian scholars but offered his friendly dedication to Japanese genre painting from the Shogunate regime. In addition, public reproach that Park’s writing owes much to Ming’s convention is in line with Won’s disregard for Japanese Confucian scholar Ogjusorai of the time as heretical. When Jeongjo announced his restoration policy to check the classical scholars’ mores, Park didn’t assume his introspective posture in contrast with the others. This presents his will to communicate with a new world by keeping up distance with the Joseon’s hierarchical and conservative culture. In that regard, Park’s mental attitude is similar to Shin’s rather than Won’s sticking to Neo-Confucian position. His recognition of Joseon’s old enemy countries Japan and Qing Dynasty as its friendly ones reflects his introspection to overcome the difficulties his own native land faced at that time.
Hwang, Dae-Kue,Ko, Byoung-Soo,Jeon, Dong-Hwan,Kang, Jin-Kyu,Sung, Shi-Joon,Yang, Kee-Jeong,Nam, Dahyun,Cho, Soyeon,Cheong, Hyeonsik,Kim, Dae-Hwan Elsevier 2017 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.161 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we investigate the electrical, structural, and optical properties of band gap front-graded Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSn(S,Se)<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTSSe) thin films grown by a modified single-step sulfo-selenization process from copper-poor and zinc-rich precursor metallic stacks prepared by co-evaporation. To investigate how the bandgap was graded in connection with the compositional distribution, we calculated the bandgap energy distribution along the film thickness, based on the transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy composition profile. The band gap of the CZTSSe phase with high S content near the surface layer is determined to be 1.161eV. From the surface to the bottom, there is a decrease in the S content of the CZTSSe phase, and the band gap subsequently decreases to, 1.029eV, close to the value of CZTSe. From the results of dimpling-Raman and scanning transmission electron microscopy line scanning, we confirm that the S content drastically increases from the bottom to the top surface of the CZTSSe thin film. The CZTSSe thin-film solar cell exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.33%, with an open-circuit voltage (<I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB>) of 0.505 V, short-circuit current density (<I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB>) of 31.61mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, fill factor (FF) of 64.6%, and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of 525mV. Compared with the performance of the CZTSe solar cell, which had PCE of 7.23%, <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> of 0.424 V, <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> of 32.83mAcm<SUP>−2</SUP>, FF of 51.9%, and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of 576mV, the <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of the CZTSSe cell improved considerably. The high <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB>, low <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit, and less loss of <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> are attributed to the effect of band gap front-grading induced by S grading into the CZTSSe thin film.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigate the properties of band gap front-graded CZTSSe thin films. </LI> <LI> The precursors are annealed by a modified single-step sulfo-selenization process. </LI> <LI> The CZTSSe thin-film solar cell exhibits power conversion efficiency of 10.33%. </LI> <LI> The high <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> and less loss of <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> are attributed to the band gap front-grading. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Soyeon Park,Haewon Shin,Pureum Noh,Seung-Yoon Oh,Hwakyung Hwang,Bitna Lee,Yongwhan Kim,Jae Chun Choe,Gilsang Jeong 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04
Wolbachia is one of the most common endosymbionts best known to induce several reproductive alterations in its insect hosts. In some cases, the insect hosts harbor more than two strains of the bacterium. The Vollenhovia emeryi ant lives in dead trees and is morphologically subdivided into the long-winged and the short-winged. Interestingly the short-winged morph is free of Wolbachia, but only the long-winged morph is multiple- infected with the Wolbachia bacterium. We sampled four populations of the long-winged morph in Korea and performed pyrosequencing in Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), to determine the bacterial strain diversity. Six different gene regions (coxA, fbpA, ftsZ, gatB, hcpA and wsp gene) were targeted and amplified. However, the result shows that diversity of haplotypes is very high. The pyrosequencing approach in MLST, a new method of discriminating Wolbachia strains, is promising to effectively detect multiple infections and rare haplotypes.