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Asymmetry of Motor Symptoms and Neuronal Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease: A Brief Scoping Review
Miso Sophia Park(Miso Sophia Park),Sangsoo Park(Sangsoo Park),Wangjung Hur(Wangjung Hur),Horyong Yoo(Horyong Yoo) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Kinesiology Vol.7 No.2
Purpose: Parkinson’s disease(PD), the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease, is a movement disorder that manifests unilaterally. Clinical studies, neuroimaging studies, and longitudinal studies all indicate that the clinical features and progression of PD are asymmetric. The asymmetry of PD is thought to be an important clue in understanding the disease's pathophysiology. The purpose of this study is to see how the concept of PD asym-metry evolved over time, to identify the different types of asymmetry that can be seen in PD, and to understand the clinical implications of the different types of asymmetry in PD. Method: The following were our review questions. (1)How has PD asymmetry research evolved over time? (2)What types of asymmetry can be seen in PD? (3)What are the clinical implications of the various types of asymmetry seen in PD? To investigate such questions, we used the keywords "Parkinson" and(“symmetry” or “asymmetry”) in PubMed. Articles about idiopathic Parkinson’s disease(iPD) patients with a clear concept of sym-metry or asymmetry that were peer-reviewed and written in English were included. The type of article, partici-pants, three main keywords, and the type of symmetry concepts in the study were extracted. We excluded studies that did not include patients with idiopathic PD or that did not have a clear concept of symmetry. Results: Based on a PubMed search, the number of published articles on iPD and symmetry gradually in-creased beginning in the 1980s. Of the 563 articles that were initially searched, 333 articles were related to both iPD and symmetry or asymmetry concepts. There were 171 articles on nervous system asymmetry, 133 on motor symptoms and gait asymmetry, 24 on disease presentation asymmetry, and 5 on anatomical or histological struc-tures asymmetry. The majority(n = 70) of the 171 studies on nervous system asymmetry dealt with lateralization of brain function and the resulting asymmetries in motor symptoms and disease manifestations in iPD patients. Conclusion: Asymmetry in iPD patients has mainly been studied based on nervous system asymmetry, motor symptoms, and overall disease presentation. Other types of asymmetry, such as asymmetry in anatomical and histological structures, have been studied in some studies. Asymmetry in iPD is not only an inherent feature of the disease; it also appears to be related to the disease's various symptoms and signs. As a result, more research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of iPD and to provide iPD patients with a prognosis and advice for disease management.
Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Cancer: Review Article from a Pathologist’s Point of View
Sophia K. Apple 대한병리학회 2016 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.50 No.2
Breast cancer staging, in particular N-stage changed most significantly due to the advanced technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy two decades ago. Pathologists have more thoroughly examined and scrutinized sentinel lymph node and found increased number of small volume metastases. While pathologists use the strict criteria from the Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis (TNM) Classification, studies have shown poor reproducibility in the application of American Joint Committee on Cancer and International Union Against Cancer/TNM guidelines for sentinel lymph node classification in breast cancer. In this review article, a brief history of TNM with a focus on N-stage is described, followed by innate problems with the guidelines, and why pathologists may have difficulties in assessing lymph node metastases uniformly. Finally, clinical significance of isolated tumor cells, micrometastasis, and macrometastasis is described by reviewing historical retrospective data and significant prospective clinical trials.
Underrepresentation of Asian Americans in U.S. Sports: A Self-efficacy View
( Sophia Deulre Min ),( Woong Kwon ),( Suk Kyu Kim ) 한국체육학회 2019 International journal of human movement science Vol.13 No.2
Data from a series of the Racial and Gender Report Cards conducted by the University of Central Florida indicate that Asian Americans have long been underrepresented in various levels of sports in the United States at both the amateur and professional levels. A review of literature suggests that most published work related to diversity in sport has predominantly focused on females and African Americans and calls for more studies of Asian Americans. For this reason, this study aims to raise academic awareness of Asian Americans’ underrepresentation in U.S. sports. A conceptual model based on self-efficacy developed to stimulate future research about Asian Americans in U.S. sports is presented.
Dental management of Lowe syndrome under general anesthesia in a child: A case report
Sophia Rhee,Ji-Soo Song,Teo Jeon Shin,Young-Jae Kim,Jung-Wook Kim,Ki-Taeg Jang,Sang-Hoon Lee,Hong-Keun Hyun Asia association of Disability and Oral health 2019 대한장애인치과학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Lowe syndrome, also known as oculocerebrorenal syndrome, is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by a combination of abnormalities associated with ocular (congenital cataracts), nervous system (mental impairment and hypotonia), and renal dysfunction. Dental crowding, over-retained primary teeth, ectopic and delayed eruption of permanent dentition, and taurodontism have been reported as oral findings. Dental care for young patients with Lowe syndrome is complicated by difficulties in behavior management and other systemic conditions of these patients. General anesthesia may be an appropriate and effective option to eliminate the need for repeated visits to the hospital and to provide improved treatment quality for the patient. However, this approach should be used with caution because general anesthesia may induce malignant hyperthermia and metabolic acidosis in patients with Lowe syndrome. This case study reports the dental management of Lowe syndrome in a 4-yearold male patient who presented with multiple caries in his primary dentition under general anesthesia.
Importance and performance of SDGs perception among college students in Taiwan
Sophia Shi-Huei Ho,Hsin-Chih Lin,Chuan-Chung Hsieh,Robin Jung-Cheng Chen 서울대학교 교육연구소 2022 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.23 No.4
This study explores Taiwanese college students’ awareness and action on UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launched in 2015. These goals define key dimensions wherein youth’s recognition, appreciation, and implementations ignite global citizenship, therefore enhancing both employability and mobility. The SDGs have set a strong presence in higher education, but perhaps not enough as most studies have not assessed a holistic view of undergraduates’ SDGs perception. In a well-globalized Chinese society where undergraduate degrees are as widespread as in Taiwan, this study aims to uncover whether higher education institutions (HEIs) in Taiwan have served as enabling environments for the growth of global citizens. Building on the government’s educational reforms and individual policies, it asks: on which aspects have Taiwan excelled or receded, why, and what can our example offer the global community in sowing global citizens? The Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) grid was conducted to assess college students’ recognition and implementation of each goal. A list of 17 goals and 68 items were identified from literature reviews and each item was rated using a five-point Likert scale. On the scale, the online survey enables the 1238 college students from HEIs, ranging from research to non-research ones, to rate the relative importance of the items, followed by another performance rating. We aspire analysis of the responses to allow reflection on the implementation of professional and general education, as results indicate the factors contributing to students’ cognition of the SDGs. Echoing current policy in Taiwan, we intend to offer insights and recommendations to extend students’ SDGs vision, ultimately enhancing youth’s international understanding and mobility.