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임범순,김철위,김명국,백기석 대한치과기재학회 1996 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.23 No.1
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of amalgam to dentin treated with the various bonding agents and to examine the failure mode after bond test. Four kinds of dental amalgam and six kinds of dentin bonding agents were used in this study. Copalite varnish was used for control group. The extracted human molars were mounted in a self-cured acrylic resin and the nonocclusal surface of the crown was exposed by grinding. A well-fitted wax mold was placed on the dentin surface and dentin adhesives were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions before condensing the amalgam. After condensation of the amalgam, specimens were stored at 37℃ and 100% relative humidity for 24 hours to complete hardening process. Specimens were aged in a deionized water at 37℃ for 24 hours, then tested in shear on a Instron universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.2mm-min. From the experiment, the following results were obtained: 1. The bonding agents which included NTG-GMA, showed a low shear bond strength. It was observed that the fracture modes between bonding agents and amalgam were adhesive failure. 2. The bonding agents which included 4-META, showed a high shear bond strength. Some fracture modes between bonding agents and amalgam showed cohesive failure, although many fracture modes showed adhesive failure. 3. For the bonding agents which included a phosphate ester system, the shear bond strength showed large scattering depending on bonding agent. When specimens showed a high shear bond strength, the mixed (adhesive/cohesive) failure mode between bonding agents and amalgam were observed. 4. BDX produced a low shear bond strength. It was observed that the control group(CPL) was' not effective for amalgam bonding agent.
인공타액에서 염소 및 황이온이 치과용 아말감의 전기화학적 부식에 주는 영향
김철위,김명국,백기석,임범순 대한치과기재학회 1996 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.23 No.2
The amalgam alloys contained the Ag, Sn, and Cu. Alloys containing Ag and Cu suffer sulfide tarnish and chloride corrosion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cl and S ions in artificial saliva on electrochemical corrosion dental amalgam and clarify the effect of sulfides on chlorides corrosion of dental amalgam. Eight types of dental amalgams were selected; four conventional dental amalgam alloys (BSA, CVX, HIA, and STF) and four high copper alloys (A21, LGA, LUX, and TYT). Fusayama's modified artificial saliva was used as standard electrolyte (concentrations of Cl and S ion were 12.22 mM/ℓ, 0.1mM/ℓ respectively). The concentration of Cl ions was modified to 1.22mM/ℓ, 12.22mM/ℓ, 24.44mM/ℓ, and 61.10mM/ℓ. As the Cl ions fixed at 12.22 mM/ℓ and 24.44mM/ℓ, the concentration of S ions in the artificial saliva was also modified to 0.1mM/ℓ, 0.5mM/ℓ, 1.0 mM/ℓ, and 5.0mM/ℓ. Specimens were tested by potentiostatic anodic polarization technique with scanning rate of 1 mV/sec. from -1200 mV to +800 mV at 37±2℃ From the experiment, the following results were obtained: 1. In the standard electrolyte, the corrosion resistance of the high-copper amalgams was higher than that of the conventional amalgams since the range of passivity for the high-copper amalgams was 200 mV wider than that of the conventional amalgams. 2. As the amount of chloride in the artificial saliva increased, the corrosion resistance of the conventional amalgams was decreased but the passivity of the high-copper amalgams was not changed. 3. When the concentraion of Cl was kept at 12.22 mM/ℓ, the increase of S had a little on the corrosion potential but caused increase of current density of the conventional amalgams. The corrosion resistance of the high-copper amalgams was decreased with similar trend to the conventional amalgams. 4. When the concentraion of Cl was kept at 61.10 mM/ℓ, the increase of S had a little on the corrosion behavior of the conventional amalgams. In case of high-copper amalgams, however, the corrosion resistance was decreased.
Soon Ae Lee,Hye Jung Kim,Ki Churl Chang,Jong Chul Baek,Ji Kwon Park,Jeong Kyu Shin,Won Jun Choi,Jong Hak Lee,Won Young Paik 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.4
Inflammatory processes of vascular endothelial cells play a key role in the development ofatherosclerosis. We determined the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to evaluate their cardioprotective potential. Cells were pretreated with DHA, EPA, or troglitazone prior to activation with LPS. Expression of COX-2, prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) and IL-6 production, and NF-ՊB activity were measured by Western blot, ELISA, and luciferase activity, respectively. Results showed that EPA, DHA, or troglitazone significantly reduced COX-2 expression, NF-ՊB luciferase activity, and PGE<sub>2</sub> and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent fashion. Interestingly, low doses (10ՌM) of DHA and EPA, but not troglitozone, significantly increased the activity of NF-ՊB in resting HUVECs. Our study suggests that while DHA, EPA, and troglitazone may be protective on HUVECs under inflammatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner. However there may be some negative effects when the concentrations are abnormally low, even in normal endothelium.
Control of the Rice Stem Borer(Chilo suppressalis) with the new Insecticides
Paik Woon Hah,Choi Seung Yoon,Yun Soon Ki,Im Moon Soon Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1962 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.1 No.-
1. 본시험은 이화곤충방제에 유효하다고 인정된 신살충제를 선정하여 이화곤충에 대한 살충효과의 재확인 및 살포적기를 구명코저 시행하였다. 2. 제일화기에 있어서 Diazinon, Lebaycild, Endrin 및 Folidol은 부화 14일전 처리로서도 부화유충의 식입제로서 유효하였고, 부화유충 식입후일처리구에 있어서도 무처리구에 비하여 유효하였다. 3. 제2화기에 있어 부화 21일전 처리구의 유효성은 Detron=Folidol>$\gamma$-dol>Endrin>Dimecron의 순이었다. 그리고 부화 14일 및 17일전과 부화 2일 및 7일후 처리에 있어서도 $\gamma-dol$을 제한 다음 약제들은 고도의 유효성을 나타내었다. 4. 그러나 약제처리시기 사이에는 유의성이 없었다. 5. 본시험은 1회의 시험성적임으로 동일시험이 수회반복되어 살충효과 및 살포적기가 완전히 구명되었으면 한다.
Review : Revision and update on clinical practice guideline for Liver cirrhosis
( Ki Tae Suk ),( Soon Koo Baik ),( Jung Hwan Yoon ),( Jae Youn Cheong ),( Yong Han Paik ),( Chang Hyeong Lee ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Jin Woo Lee ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Sung Won Cho ),( Seong Gyu Hwang ) 대한간학회 2012 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.18 No.1
Lee, Soon-Ae,Kim, Hye-Jung,Chang, Ki-Churl,Baek, Jong-Chul,Park, Ji-Kwon,Shin, Jeong-Kyu,Choi, Won-Jun,Lee, Jong-Hak,Paik, Won-Young The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.4
Inflammatory processes of vascular endothelial cells play a key role in the development ofatherosclerosis. We determined the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to evaluate their cardioproteerive potential. Cells were pretreated with DHA, EPA, or troglitazone prior to activation with LPS. Expression of COX-2, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and IL-6 production, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity were measured by Western blot, ELISA, and luciferase activity, respectively. Results showed that EPA, DHA, or troglitazone significantly reduced COX-2 expression, $NF-{\kappa}B$ luciferase activity, and $PGE_2$ and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent fashion. Interestingly, low doses (10 ${\mu}$M) of DHA and EPA, but not troglitozone, significantly increased the activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$ in resting HUVECs. Our study suggests that while DHA, EPA, and troglitazone may be protective on HUVECs under inflammatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner. However there may be some negative effects when the concentrations are abnormally low, even in normal endothelium.
Seungmok Paik,Seung-Ki Min,Seok-Woo Son,Soon-Il An,Jong-Seong Kug,Sang-Wook Yeh 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
This study analyzes the influence of tropical, northern and southern volcanic eruptions on the surface climate, focusing on the role of distinct responses of stratospheric polar vortex as well as associated Arctic Oscillation (AO) with utilizing the large-ensemble simulations of Community Earth System Model Last Millennium Ensemble. Volcanic eruptions lead to enhanced polar vortex at both hemispheres in the first winter following the eruptions, but with different magnitudes depending on eruption latitudes, especially for Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar vortex. Over the NH, following the tropical and southern eruptions, the enhanced meridional temperature gradient at subtropical regions cause equatorward planetary wave propagation, which induces strong polar vortex enhancement. In contrast, northern eruptions cause relatively weaker polar vortex reinforcement due to extended dispersal of stratospheric volcanic aerosols into the Arctic regions as well as more poleward located latitude of maximum meridional temperature gradient. As a result, tropical and southern eruptions cause positive AO-like patterns at the lower troposphere and causes northern Eurasian warming and precipitation increase, while northern eruptions show minor responses.