수온이 긴꼬리투구새우(배갑목: 투구새우과)의 생장에 미치는 영향

Kwon Soon Jik(권순직),Yung Chul Jun(전영철),Jae Heung Park(박재흥),Doo Hee Won(원두희),Eul Won Seo(서을원),Jong Eun Lee(이종은) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.11

수서생물에 있어서 생장이나 기타 생물학적 특성들은 수온의 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 긴꼬리투구새우의 생장에 미치는 수온의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 수온에 따른 생장률실험에서 긴꼬리투구새우는 상대적으로 높은 온도에서 생장률이 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 침수 후 14일이 경과하면 갑각길이는 20℃에서 5.7(±2.1) ㎜, 28℃에서 7.5(±0.5) ㎜로 나타났다. 그리고 21일이 경과하면 20℃에서 6.9(±2.8) ㎜, 28oC에서 7.8(±2.0)㎜로 나타났다. 또한 침수 후 14일경까지는 빠르게 생장하는 것으로 나타났으나, 이후에는 생장이 둔화되는 것으로 나타났다. 수심(80 ㎜, 190 ㎜)에 따른 생장률실험에서 침수 후 19일이 경과하였을 때 평균 갑각길이는 수심 80 ㎜에서 9.3(±2.1) ㎜, 수심 190 ㎜에서 9.5(±1.3) ㎜로 나타나 수심의 차이에 의한 영향은 적은 것으로 확인되었다. 갑각길이에 따른 생체량의 분석 결과 길이가 5 ㎜일 때 건중량은 1.1(±0.3) ㎎, 10 ㎜일 때 18.0(±3.7) ㎎, 16 ㎜일 때 26.0(±0.0) ㎎, 20 ㎜일 때 52.3(±4.0) ㎎으로 나타났다. 생산력과 관련하여 갑각길이가 증가하면 알의 개수도 급격하게 증가하였는데, 갑각길이가 7.0 ㎜인 개체의 경우 20(±0.0)개이고, 갑각길이가 17.0 ㎜인 개체의 경우 560(±0.0)개의 알을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 온도는 생장과 생산력의 척도인 갑각길이와 알의 수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. Growth and other biological processes in aquatic organisms are particularly dependent on water temperatures. This study examined the effects of water temperature on the growth of Triops longicaudatus. The influence of water temperature fluctuations was that growth rate was increased at higher temperatures. The mean carapace length was 5.7 (±2.1) ㎜ in a water temperature of 2 0℃ and 7.5 (±0.5) ㎜ in a water temperature of 28℃ on the 14th day after submergence. It was 6.9 (±2.8) ㎜ in a water temperature of 20℃ and 7.8 (±2.0) ㎜ in a water temperature of 28℃ on the 21st day after submergence. The mean carapace length grew rapidly within 14 days after submergence, but increase in carapace length beyond this time was slow. The influence of water depth fluctuations was low as the mean carapace length was 9.3 (±2.1) ㎜ under a water depth of 80 ㎜ and 9.5 (±1.3) ㎜ under a water depth of 190 ㎜ on the 19th day after submergence. Biomass showed that the carapace length of 5, 10, 16 and 20 ㎜ was a dry-weight of 1.1 (±0.3), 18.0 (±3.7), 26.0 (±0.0) and 52.3 (±4.0) ㎎ respectively. The number of eggs increased rapidly with increments in carapace length. The mean number of eggs was 20 (±0.0) at a carapace length of 7.0 ㎜, but at a carapace length of 17.0 ㎜, the mean number of eggs was 560 (±0.0). The results suggested that differences in water temperature accounted for the differences in length of the carapace and the number of eggs.

Prediction of changes in distribution area of Scopura laminate in response to climate changes of the Odaesan National Park of South Korea

Soon Jik Kwon,Tae Geun Kim,Youngjun Park,Ohseok Kwon,조영호 한국생태학회 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.4

This study was performed to provide important basic data for the preservation and management of Scopura laminata, a species endemic to Korea, by elucidating the spatial characteristics of its present, potential, and future distribution areas. Currently, this species is found in the Odaesan National Park area of South Korea and has been known to be restricted in its habitat due to its poor mobility, as even fully grown insects do not have wings. Utilizing the MaxEnt model, 20 collection points around Odaesan National Park were assessed to analyze and predict spatial distribution characteristics. The precision of the MaxEnt model was excellent, with an AUC value of 0.833. Variables affecting the potential distribution area of S. laminata by more than 10% included the range of annual temperature, seasonality of precipitation, and precipitation of the driest quarter, in order of greatest to least impact. Compared to the current potential distribution area, no significant difference in the overall habitable area was predicted for the 2050s or 2070s. It was, however, demonstrated that the potential habitable area would be reduced in the 2050s by up to 270.3 km from the current area of 403.9 km; further, no potential habitable area was anticipated by the 2070s according to our predictive model. Taken together, it is anticipated that this endemic species could be significantly affected by climate changes, and hence effective countermeasures are strongly warranted for the preservation of habitats and species management.

Prediction of changes in distribution area of Scopura laminate in response to climate changes of the Odaesan National Park of South Korea

Kwon, Soon Jik,Kim, Tae Geun,Park, Youngjun,Kwon, Ohseok,Cho, Youngho The Ecological Society of Korea 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.4

This study was performed to provide important basic data for the preservation and management of Scopura laminata, a species endemic to Korea, by elucidating the spatial characteristics of its present, potential, and future distribution areas. Currently, this species is found in the Odaesan National Park area of South Korea and has been known to be restricted in its habitat due to its poor mobility, as even fully grown insects do not have wings. Utilizing the MaxEnt model, 20 collection points around Odaesan National Park were assessed to analyze and predict spatial distribution characteristics. The precision of the MaxEnt model was excellent, with an AUC value of 0.833. Variables affecting the potential distribution area of S. laminata by more than 10% included the range of annual temperature, seasonality of precipitation, and precipitation of the driest quarter, in order of greatest to least impact. Compared to the current potential distribution area, no significant difference in the overall habitable area was predicted for the 2050s or 2070s. It was, however, demonstrated that the potential habitable area would be reduced in the 2050s by up to 270.3 km from the current area of 403.9 km; further, no potential habitable area was anticipated by the 2070s according to our predictive model. Taken together, it is anticipated that this endemic species could be significantly affected by climate changes, and hence effective countermeasures are strongly warranted for the preservation of habitats and species management.

보문 : 한국산 긴꼬리투구새우(Crustacea: Notostraca; Triops Longicaudatus(LeConte))의 분포 및 서식지 특성

권순직 ( Soon Jik Kwon ),전영철 ( Yung Chul Jun ),박재흥 ( Jae Heung Park ),원두희 ( Doo Hee Won ),서을원 ( Eul Won Seo ),이종은 ( Jong Eun Lee ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2010 생태와 환경 Vol.43 No.1

ATSC-M/H 수신기를 위한 주파수 영역 등화 기술

권순직(Soon Jik Kwon),김영준(Young Jun Kim),박경원(Kyung Won Park),위정욱(Jung Wook Wee),조용수(Yong Soo Cho) 한국통신학회 2010 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11

국립공원에 서식하는 생물종의 분포모델 평가

권순직(Soon Jik Kwon),김태근(Tae Geun Kim) 국립공원연구원 2023 국립공원연구지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 기후변화 지표종 중 하나이고, 남방계열 생물종인 남색이마잠자리(Brachydiplax chalybea flavovittata Ris, 1911 (Insecta: Odonata), 이하 B. chalybea flavovittata)를 대상으로 생물종의 보전과 관리를 위한 유용한 정보를 제공하고, 보다 정확하고 연구목적에 최적인 분포모델을 개발하기 위해서 가장 기본적인 입력데이터와 환경변수가 분포모델에 영향을 미치는 2가지 요인을 평가하고자 한다. 특정지역으로 편중된 위치데이터와 환경변수인 생물기후변수의 다중공선성에 따른 모델의 예측정확도를 비교하였다. 이를 위해서 사용된 남색이 마잠자리의 서식 확인된 위치데이터는 GBIF 데이터베이스에서 수집하고 19개 생물기후변수는 Worldclim 데이터베이스에서 수집하였다. 위치데이터의 편중성은 위치데이터 상호간 일정한 거리를 두고 선택한 4가지 종류의 데이터를 이용하고, 환경변수의 다중공선성은 분산팽창계수(Variation Inflation Factor, VIF)를 이용하여 다중공선성 여부를 처리하였다. 7개 분포모델에 전처리된 데이터를 적용하고 3가지 평가지표(Kappa, TSS, AUC)로 모델의 예측정확도를 비교하여 분석하였다. 7개 분포모델은 비교를 위해서 기계학습과 회귀모델 기법 중에서 선택하였다. 기계학습 모델은 부트스 회귀 트리(Boosted Regression Trees, BRT), 랜덤 포레스트(Random Forest, RF) 및 서포트 벡터머신(Support Vector Machine, SVM), 분류 및 회귀 트리(Classification And Regression Trees, CART), MaxEnt이고, 회귀모델은 일반화 선형모델(Generalized Linear Model, GLM), 다변량 적응형 회귀 스플라인(Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, MARS)이다. 전반적으로 모델의 예측정확도는 비선형관계 등 생물종과 환경변수의 복잡한 상호관계를 더 잘 설명하는 기계학습 방법의 랜덤포레스트(RF) 모델이 다른 모델에 비해 상대적으로 우수하였다. 일반적으로 접근하기 쉬운 지역으로 조사되는 생물종 위치데이터의 편중성은 모든 모델에서 예측정확도에 영향을 주고 다중공선성은 모델에 따라 다양하였다. 본 연구는 생물종의 보전을 위한 연구목적에 부합하는 최적의 생물종 분포모델을 개발하는데 고려해야 할 기본지침을 국립공원 야생동물의 서식지를 효과적으로 관리하는데 필요한 기초자료로 활용하리라 기대된다. This study aims to provide useful information for the conservation and management of Brachydiplax chalybea flavovittata (Ris, 1911) (Insecta: Odonata), which is a climate-sensitive biological indicator species, and to develop a more accurate and optimal distribution model that aligns with the research objectives. To achieve this, we intend to evaluate two factors that influence the prediction accuracy of the distribution model. In order to compare the prediction accuracy of the models based on biased location data in a specific region and based on the multicollinearity of environmental variables known as bioclimatic variables, the confirmed habitat locations of B. chalybea flavovittata were collected from the GBIF database, and 19 biological climate variables used as environmental variables were collected from the Worldclim database. The bias of the location data was examined using four types of data selected with a certain distance between the location data. The multicollinearity of the environmental variables was assessed using the Variation Inflation Factor (VIF). Preprocessed data were applied to seven species distribution models, and the prediction accuracy of the models was compared and analyzed using three evaluation metrics (Kappa, TSS, AUC). Among machine learning and regression models, seven distribution models were used for comparison. The machine learning models included Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), and MaxEnt, while the regression models included Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). Overall, the prediction accuracy of the models was better explained by the Random Forest (RF) model, which is a machine learning method that better captures the complex relationship between species and environmental variables, compared to other models. The bias of location data, which is more commonly surveyed in easily accessible areas, affected the prediction accuracy in all models, while multicollinearity varied depending on the model. This study is expected to serve as fundamental guidance for developing an optimal species distribution model that aligns with the research objectives of species conservation and it can be utilized as foundational data for effective management of wildlife habitat in national parks.

초등학교 체육수업시간의 재미요인, 수업몰입 및 수업만족도의 관계

권순직 ( Soon Jik Kwon ),정구인 ( Koo In Jung ) 서울敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2014 한국초등교육 Vol.25 No.3

근래에 초등학생들의 다양한 문제를 해결하기 위해 체육교육을 활성화하고 있고, 또한 학생들의 심리적 요인을 분석하여 체육수업을 촉진하는 방안을 모색하고 있다. 본 연구는 초등학교 체육수업시간에서 재미요인이 수업몰입에 영향을 미치는가, 재미요인이 수업만족도에 영향을 미치는가, 그리고 수업몰입이 수업만족도에 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 서울시에 소재한 초등학생 3~6학년을 모집단으로 16개 학급 총 425명에게서 수집한 자료를 상관관계분석 및 다중회귀분석을 통하여 분석한 결과, 재미요인은 수업몰입에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재미요인이 수업만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 수업몰입이 수업만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 수업의 과정이나 활동 자체에 관한 몰입과 재미요인이 수업만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이와 관련된 심층적인 연구와 체계적인 교수·학습활동에 관한 후속연구가 필요하다고 본다. 또한 유능성에 높은 반응을 보인 학생들을 위한 수준별 지도 방안도 필요한 것으로 나타났다. Elementary school students have recently been encouraged to improve problem-solving skills with promotion of sports. The purpose of this study is to seek ways to promote physical education by analyzing psychological factors of elementary school students. The subjects of the study are 425 students in sixteen classes ranging from third to sixth grade of the elementary school located in Seoul. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to identify causal relationship among enjoyment factor, class flow, and satisfaction in physical education classes. The results were produced as follows: First, enjoyment factor appeared to have effect on class flow in class. Achievement did not have significant effect on self-fulfilling experience and integration of process unlike other factors. Second, enjoyment factor appeared to have effect on satisfaction in class. Every enjoyment factor had positive effect on satisfaction in class, except competence of enjoyment factor, which appeared to have negative effect on instruction achievement and coursework. Third, class flow appeared to have effect on satisfaction in class. Integration of process did not have effect on satisfaction, but self-fulfilling experience and behavior-awareness concurrence appeared to have positive effect on satisfaction in class. In the view of result of this study, and process, absorption of activity itself and enjoyment factor have more effect than outcome of class or evaluation factor on satisfaction. Also, method of teaching and learning by level shall be needed for the students who showed high response on competence. L

노란잔산잠자리(Macromia daimoji Okumura, 1949)의 서식지 특성 및 기후변화에 따른 잠재적 분포 예측

권순직(Soon Jik Kwon),권혁영(Hyeok-Yeong Kwon),황인철(In Chul Hwang),이창수(Changsu Lee),김태근(Tae-Geun Kim),박재흥(Jae Heung Park),전영철(Yung Chul Jun) 한국습지학회 2024 한국습지학회지 Vol.26 No.1

우리나라는 노란잔산잠자리(M. daimoji Okumura, 1949)를 멸종위기 야생생물로 지정하여 보호하고 있고, 국가적색목록 평가에서 위기(EN)로 등재하였다. 이들은 주로 동북아지역에 서식하는데, 우리나라에는 위도상 사천시(35.1°)부터 연천군(38.0°)까지, 경도상 연천군(126.8°)부터 양산시(128.9°)까지 관찰되었다. 서식지는 저지대의 평지하천에 하상재료가 모래로 이루어져 있고, 유속이 완만한 하천의 가장자리와 하중도의 가장자리, 하천 구역에 일시적으로 형성된 웅덩이를 선호한다. 노란잔산잠자리 출현 지점에서의 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집구조는 낙동강 본류의 경우 서식지에 따라 군집 조성의 차이가 적었고, 지류의 경우 주변 환경과 하천의 규모에 따라 낙동강 본류보다 군집 조성의차이가 컸다. 현재 분포지역을 토대로 MaxEnt 모델을 이용하여 잠재적 분포를 예측한 결과, 낙동강 본류와 지류에서식할 가능성이 높았다. 환경변수 중 기여도는 BIO03(36.2%), BIO10(15.8%), BIO14(13.8%), BIO12(12.5%), BIO08(6.1%) 등의 순으로, 모형에 대한 중요도는 BIO10(43.7%), BIO14(14.6%), BIO17(13.78%), BIO13(9.8%), BIO02(6.7%), BIO18(5.2%) 등의 순으로 높았다. 노란잔산잠자리의 공통사회경제경로를 통한 미래 분포 예측에 있어서 재생에너지 기술 발달로 화석연료 사용을 최소화한 SSP1은 서식가능지역이 넓은 범위에서 확대되었으며 산업기술의 빠른 발전에 중심을 두어 화석연료 사용이 높고 도시 위주의 무분별한 개발이 확대될 것을 가정한 SSP5는 대체로증가하는 것으로 예측되었다. 이들의 서식지는 하천공사, 골재채취 등과 같은 물리적 환경변화와 강우 강도의 증가에의한 홍수 등 급변하는 기후변화에 영향을 받을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 노란잔산잠자리 보호를 위해서는 생태계 환경변화관찰을 위한 장기적인 모니터링 수행과 개체군 유지를 위한 보전방안 수립이 요구된다. Macromia daimoji Okumura, 1949 was designated as an endangered species and also categorized as Class II Endangered wildlife on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List in Korea. The spatial distribution of this species ranged within a region delimited by northern latitude from Sacheon-si(35.1°) to Yeoncheon-gun(38.0°) and eastern longitude from Yeoncheon-gun(126.8°) to Yangsan-si(128.9°). They generally prefer microhabitats such as slowly flowing littoral zones of streams, alluvial stream islands and temporarily formed puddles in the sand-based lowland streams. The objectives of this study were to analyze the similarity of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in M. daimoji habitats, to predict the current potential distribution patterns as well as the changes of distribution ranges under global climate change circumstances. Data was collected both from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and by field surveys from April 2009 to September 2022. We adopted MaxEnt model to predict the current and future potential distribution for M. daimoji using downloaded 19 variables from the WorldClim database. The differences of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the mainstream of Nakdonggang were smaller than those in its tributaries and the other streams, based on the surrounding environments and stream sizes. MaxEnt model presented that potential distribution displayed high inhabiting probability in Nakdonggang and its tributaries. Applying to the future scenarios by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), SSP1 scenario was predicted to expand in a wide area and SSP5 scenario in a narrow area, comparing with current potential distribution. M. daimoji is not only directly threatened by physical disturbances (e.g. river development activities) but also vulnerable to rapidly changing climate circumstances. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the habitat environments and establish conservation strategies for preserving population of M. daimoji.

Stereospecific synthesis of a twinned alanine ester

Chin, Jik,Kwon, Soon Ho,Moozeh, Kimia,So, Soon Mog,Lough, Alan J.,Kim, B. Moon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Organic & biomolecular chemistry Vol.11 No.46

<P>Reaction between 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylenediamine (<I>hpen</I>) and methyl pyruvate gives the diaza-Cope rearrangement product with good yield and excellent stereospecificity. The product containing two chiral quaternary carbon centers is characterized by high performance liquid chromatography and X-ray crystallography. DFT computation provides insight into why the diaza-Cope rearrangement takes place readily with methyl pyruvate but not with other ketones like acetone and substituted acetophenones.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Stereospecific diaza-Cope rearrangement of diimines formed between methyl pyruvate and hpen gives a twinned alanine with two quaternary chiral centers. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3ob41582a'> </P>

Stereospecific Synthesis of γ,δ‐Diamino Esters

Chin, Jik,Kwon, Soon Ho,Kim, Hyunwoo,Chin, Peter,So, Soon Mog,Kim, B. Moon WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol.2014 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>γ,δ‐Diamino acid structural motifs are commonly found in bioactive molecules. We report a one‐pot reaction for the synthesis of γ,δ‐diimino esters with two adjacent chiral centers in enantiomerically pure form through diaza‐Cope rearrangement reaction of diimines formed from (<I>R</I>,<I>R</I>)‐1,2‐bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,2‐diaminoethane (<I>hpen</I>) and aldehydes. DFT computation provides interesting insights into the stereospecific rearrangement reaction. The crystal structure of a product diimine formed from the reaction of (<I>R</I>,<I>R</I>)‐<I>hpen</I> and 2,6‐dichlorobenzaldehyde shows that the reaction gives the product diimine in <I>S</I>,<I>S</I> configuration.</P>