Perspectives of Integrative Cancer Genomics in Next Generation Sequencing Era

Kwon, So-Mee,Cho, Hyun-Woo,Choi, Ji-Hye,Jee, Byul-A,Jo, Yun-A,Woo, Hyun-Goo Korea Genome Organization 2012 Genomics & informatics Vol.10 No.2

The explosive development of genomics technologies including microarrays and next generation sequencing (NGS) has provided comprehensive maps of cancer genomes, including the expression of mRNAs and microRNAs, DNA copy numbers, sequence variations, and epigenetic changes. These genome-wide profiles of the genetic aberrations could reveal the candidates for diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers as well as mechanistic insights into tumor development and progression. Recent efforts to establish the huge cancer genome compendium and integrative omics analyses, so-called "integromics", have extended our understanding on the cancer genome, showing its daunting complexity and heterogeneity. However, the challenges of the structured integration, sharing, and interpretation of the big omics data still remain to be resolved. Here, we review several issues raised in cancer omics data analysis, including NGS, focusing particularly on the study design and analysis strategies. This might be helpful to understand the current trends and strategies of the rapidly evolving cancer genomics research.

도피불가능한 전기쇽이후 나타나는 통각억제 체계의 선택적인 활성화와 콜린성 체계의 역할

조소현,조원호 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구에서는 도피불가능한 전기쇽 이후 발생하는 통각억제 체계중 어떤 요소가 선택적으로 활성화되는지, 또한 naloxone(Nal)의 사전처치에도 불구하고 통각에 대한 민감성의 감소가 약물의 투여로 인한 신경화학물질의 변화 때문인지를 밝히고자 하였다. 따라서 혐오성의 정도가 심한 도피불가능한 쇽을 가한후 hot-plate를 사용 통각에 대한 민감성을 측정한 결과, 훈련기에서 Nal집단과 Saline(Sal) 집단 모두 퍼센트 통각감소율이 높게 나타났다. 검사기에서는, Sal-Sal 집단과 Nal-Sal집단은 훈련기에서의 통각감소가 유지되는 반면에 Sal-Nal집단과 Nal-Scopolamine(Scop)집단은 각각의 생리식염수 통제집단에 비해 유의미하게 감소하였다. 이러한 사실은 도피불가능한 전기쇽 이후 통각억압 체계의 아편계와 비아편계가 선택적으로 활성화됨을 의미하고, naloxone의 사전투여 이후에 활성화되는 비아편계는 scopolamine을 투여했을때 통각감소가 역전된다는 점에 비추어 볼 때 naloxone으로 역전되지 않은 통각감소(naloxone-nonreversible hypoalgesia)는 ACh의 무스카린(muscarine) 수용기를 매개로 하여 작용했다고 할 수 있다. 이 결과는 콜린성 체계가 비아편계의 활성화에 중요한 역할을 하는 신경화학물질임을 시사해준다. The present experiment was conducted to examine which component of pain inhibition system is selectively active after inescapable electric shock and whether, inspite of naloxone pretreatment, the decrease of pain sensitivity was due to the change of neurochemical substance following drug. In result of assesing the pain sensitivity on using hot-plate apparatus after severe aversiveness of inescapable shock. Nal and Sal group were higher than baseline in the % analgesic rate in training phase. In the testing phase, both Sal-Sal and Nal-Sal group were maintained hypoalgesia but, both Sal-Nal and Nal-Scop group were significantly reduced in compared with each control group. These results indicated that opioid and nonopioid component of pain inhibition system were selectively activated after inescapable shock, and naloxone-nonreversed hypoalgesia was activated by mediation of chlinergic muscarine receptor, in view of that non-opioid hypoalgesia after naloxone pretreatment was reduced by scopolamine treatment. This results suggested that cholinergic drug is an important neurochemical substance in the activation of non-opioid hypoalgesia.

야생 버섯을 복용 후 발생한 재생불량성 빈혈 1예

조소영,곽명옥,김정아,나현희,황동희,이홍기 仁濟大學校 白病院 2010 仁濟醫學 Vol.31 No.-

Aplastic anemia is one of the hematologic disease which is characterized by cytopenia in peripheral blood, hypocelluarity in bone marrow and marrow failure. Most common cause of aplastic anemia is unknown. Acquired causes of it are viral infection, drugs, and chemical agents. The symptoms of aplastic anemia are fatigue, headache, dizziness, exertional dyspnea, and pallor, and they are due to abrupt decrease in hemoglobin level. The incidence of acquired aplastic anemia is higher in Eastern population than Western. In geeral, men and women are affected with equal frequency, but the age distribution is biphasic, with the major peak in the teens and tweenties and a second rise in the elderly. We report a case of a 28-year-old man who experience aplastic anemia after ingestion of Cordyceps with the review of literatures.

6年根 人蔘의 等及別 品位 및 ginsenoside 함량

조재선,조현경,박소희,정청송 한국식생활문화학회 2001 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the difference of general feature and ginsenoside content of 6 years old ginseng rooot among different grade of roots. Total weight of a 1st grade-6 years old ginseng root was 115.1g and weight, length, diameter and specific gravity of main root were 64.68g, 8.39cm, 3.31cm and 0.96, respectively. Main root of 1st grade ginseng root was larger in size and specific gravity and more heavy than that of 2nd or 3rd grade of the roots. Though crude saponin contents were not so different among the different grade of roots, but ginsenoside Rbl, Rgl and Re content were higher in 1st grade of root than that of 2nd or 3rd grade of root. Those ginsenosides were located mainly in periderm and cortex.

그레이브스병에서 방사성 요오드 치료에 따른 갑상선 자극 호르몬 수용체 결합억제 면역글로불린(Thyrotropin Binding Inhibitory Immunoglobulin, TBII)의 변화

조영석,권기현,이준철,나소영,이효진,홍우정,이유선,김군순,송민호,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Prediction of thrapeutic response to radioiodine in Graves' disease is poorly understood. Although thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin(TBII) level is a strong index for relapse after antithyroid drug medication, conflicting results are reported regarding its prognostic significance in Graves' disease treated with RAI. This study is dengned to evaluate possible relationship between post-treatment hypothyroidism and TBII in Graves' disease treated with RAI. Fourty two patient with Graves' disease after radioiodine treatment were studied retrospectively. The subject were divided into hypothyroid group and euthyroid or hyperthyroid group. We evaluated the association of hypothyroidism and TBII with radioiodine treatment dose. The mean age of hypothyroid group was 48±11 years and euthyroid or hyperthyroid group was 47±12 years. There was no difference in two groups. And there was no significant difference in post- treatment TBII between two groups(49.9±28.5%, 29.9±14.3%, p-value >0.05). The treatment-dose had no influence on post-treatment thyroid state. Euthyroid or hyperthyroid group was done with 13.6±6.9mCi and hypothyroid group was 17.0±10.4mCi(p-value > 0.05). TBII had no prognostic significance on long-term hypothyrodism in Graves' disease treated with radioiodine. And, treatment-dose had no influence on post-treatment thyroid state.

마늘첨가가 김치의 숙성 및 품질에 미치는 영향

조현경,박소희,조재선,정청송 한국식생활문화학회 2001 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

마늘이 김치의 숙성과 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 아울러 cyclodextrin과 sorbitol의 마늘냄새 masking효과를 실험하였다. 김치 숙성 초기의 산도는 마늘 첨가량이 많을수록 대조구에 비해서 높았고 환원당 함량은 마늘 첨가량이 많을수록 높았으나 숙성말기에는 거의 비슷한 수준을 유지하였다. 미생물의 경우 숙성초기에는 마늘 첨가에 의해 성장이 촉진되었으나 이후에 그 수준을 유지한 후에는 대조구에 비해서 오히려 억제되었다. 관능 검사 결과는 온도에 관계없이 마늘을 첨가하지 않은 김치가 모든 관능적인 면에서 유의적으로 나쁘게 평가되었으며 마늘을 2∼3% 첨가한 김치가 유의적으로 가장 좋게 평가되었다. Cyclodextrin 또는 sorbitol을 1%씩 첨가한 결과 마늘맛을 masking 하는데는 효과가 없었고 관능적으로도 나쁘게 평가되었다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of garlic on the fermentation and organoleptic quality of kimchi. For this study, changes in pH, acidity, reducing sugar content and microbial count of kimchi during fermentation were tested and sensory test of fermented kimchi was also conducted. The acidity of kimchi with garlic was increased rapidly more than control kimchi at early stage of fermentation. Though the reducing sugar content was higher in kimchi with garlic than control kimchi, but that of all samples were almost same at mature stage of fermentation. Total bacteria and lactic acid bacterial counts were higher in kimchi with garlic than control kimchi at early stage of fermentation, but those were reversed at final stage of fermentation. By the result of sensory test, garlic was contributed to taste and aroma positively at level of 2∼3g garlic to 100g of kimchi.

편도체 기저외측핵의 AP5 투여가 상승된 경악반응의 습득에 미치는 영향

서미숙,조소현,김기석,이만영 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구는 고전적 공포조건화에 관여하는 장소로 알려진 편도체의 기저 외측핵에 장기상승작용(Long-Term Potentiation: LTP)의 생성을 차단하는 약물인 MNDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate)길항제 AP5를 미세주입함으로써 시각적 조건자극(CS)을 사용한 경우에, 상승된 경악 반응의 습득이 차단되는지를 보고자 하였다. 동물은 AP5-AP5, AP5-식염수, 식염수-AP5, 식염수-식염수 집단으로 나누어서 CS-US 배쌍직전에 AP5나 식염수를 주입한 후 훈련시켰다고 다시 검사직전에 AP5 혹은 식염수를 주입하였다. AP5-AP5집단과 AP5-식염수집단은 상승된 경악반응을 보이지 않았고, 식염수-AP5, 식염수-식염수 집단은 상승된 경악반응을 보였다. CS-US배쌍 직전에 주입한 AP5는 상승된 경악반응을 차단하였고, 검사직전에 주입한 AP5는 상승된 경악반응을 차단하지 않은 결과는 AP5가 습득을 차단했으되 그 표현에는 영향을 미치지 않았다고 해석된다. 그리고 AP5-AP5, AP5-식염수 집단이 상승률에서 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았으므로, 상승된 경악반응의 차단이 상태의존적 인출 실패에 기인한 것이 아니고, AP5 자체의 약효때문임을 알 수 있다. It has been known that the amygadala is the neural substrate for conditioned fear as well as unconditioned fear. Among the substructures of amygdala, the basolateral nucleus where CS and US inputs converge and LTP occurs, contains high densities of NMDA receptors and so seems to have a critical role in synaptiplasticity. NMDA antagonist, AP5 prevent induction of Long-term potentiation, but not expression of LTP. LTP is an activity dependent enhancement of synaptic efficacy and is regarded the psysiological mechanisms that might underlie learning and memory. So this experiment was done to investigate what effect AP5 injection to the basolateral amygdala on the acquisition and expression of the fear conditioning, using the fear potentiated Startle paradigm. Animals were allocated to AP5-AP5, AP5-saline, saline-AP5, saline-saline groups. AP5 or saline was injected just before conditioning and testing. The re sult is that AP5-AP5, AP5-saline group didn't show the potentiated startle, comparative to the saline-AP5, saline-saline group, and AP5-AP5 group is not significantly different from AP5-saline. So we conclude that AP5 blocked the acquisition but not expression of conditio-ned fear-potentiated startle and convince that the blocking is not due to state-dependent retrieval failure.

Ether-free polymeric anion exchange materials with extremely low vanadium ion permeability and outstanding cell performance for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) application

Cha, Min Suc,Jo, Sang Woo,Han, Seung Hui,Hong, Soo Hyun,So, Soonyong,Kim, Tae-Ho,Oh, Seong-Geun,Hong, Young Taik,Lee, Jang Yong Elsevier 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol.413 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ether-free poly(<I>p</I>-phenylene)-based anion exchange membrane materials with outstanding vanadium ion blocking properties are reported. The synthesized ionomers with a rigid backbone structure show small dimensional variations despite the high ion exchange capacities. Among the synthesized membranes, the QPPP-2 membrane with ion exchange capacity of 2.1 meq·g<SUP>−1</SUP> exhibits high anion (OH<SUP>−</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>, and Cl<SUP>−</SUP>) conductivity. The QPPP-2 membrane shows an extremely low diffusion coefficient (2.12 × 10<SUP>−9</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> min<SUP>−1</SUP>) for VO<SUP>2+</SUP>, which is much lower than that of Nafion 115 (2.88 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> min<SUP>−1</SUP>), indicating the vanadium ion blocking property of QPPP-2. Moreover, the chemical and operational stabilities of the membranes are investigated <I>via</I> ex situ soaking tests in 0.1 M VO<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> solution and in situ operation tests for 100 cycles, respectively. The vanadium redox flow battery single cell assembled with the QPPP-2 membrane exhibits a coulombic efficiency of 99%, voltage efficiency of 87%, and energy efficiency of 86% during 100 cycles at 80 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. The excellent chemical, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the QPPP-2 membrane make it suitable for use in vanadium redox flow battery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> AEMs are fabricated by a Ni(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. </LI> <LI> The synthesized ionomers indicated excellent dimensional and chemical stability. </LI> <LI> Ether-free polymeric AEMs showed extremely low vanadium ion cross over. </LI> <LI> The performance of developed AEM showed high EE (87%) with high capacity retention. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

항암제 처리한 백혈병 세포주에서의 Apoptosis 발현

김삼용,윤소현,김현수,김종숙,윤환중,김진경,조덕연 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene encodes a 26 kD protein that promotes cell survival by blocking apoptosis. The bax protein is a member of the bcl-2 familly, now known to form heterodimers with the bcl-2 protein. The ratio of bax to bcl-2 is be critical in determining the fate of the cell in response to stimuli that can induce apoptosis. Extract of Pulsatilla Koreana (SB-31) showed promising antitumor activity in vitro with Topo I inhibitory action. In the present study, the relationship between apoptosis and the apoptosis related proteins, bcl-2 and bax were investigated in human leukemic cell lines HL-60, U-937 and CEM-CM3. All anticancer drugs(adriamycin, etoposide, camptothecin, SB-31) induced extensive apoptosis in HL-60, U-937 cells and CEM-CM3 cells. The expression of bcl-2 and bax protein were determined in cell lines by western blotting before and after incubation with anticancer drugs at different time points. 1) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, down regulation of bcl-2 and up-regulation of bax were found after incubation with ADR, VP-16 or camptothecin. 2) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, no significant change in bcl-2 or bax protein expression resulted after incubation with SB-31. 3) In CEM-CM3 cells, virtually no change was noted in bcl-2/bax expression after incubation with ADR, VP-16, camptothecin or SB-31. It is suggested that different leukemic cell lines use different pathways of apoptosis activation and a given cell may utilize different pathways of apoptosis activation in response to different cytotoxic agents.

김치저장성 향상을 위한 동결방법이 배추조직의 물성변화에 미치는 영향

양진한,박소희,유진현,임호수,조재선,황성연 한국식생활문화학회 2003 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

김치를 10˚C에서 8일간 숙성시켜 산도 0.6~0.7%로 숙성된 김치를 -70˚C와 -20˚C로 냉동하며 -20˚C에서 저장하면서 배추 조직의 elasticity, hardness, 세포 조직의 변화, 드립양을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. -70˚C에서 급속 동결한 것과 -20˚C에서 완만 동결한 냉동 김치 중 배추조직의 elasticity는 냉동 저장 15일까지 감소하다 일정하게 유지되었고 hardness는 거의 변화가 없었으며 냉동 방법에 따른 변화도 거의 나타나지 않았다. 투과 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 control의 경우 세포벽이 매우 두꺼우며 세포의 모양들이 잘 보존되어 잇는 것을 볼 수 있었고 -20˚C로 냉동 처리하여 해동시킨 세포벽들은 많이 손상되어 있음을 볼 수 있었으며 -70˚C로 급속 냉동시료의 경우 세포벽의 손상 정도가 -20˚C로 냉동 처리한 시료보다 덜 파괴되어 있음을 볼 수 있었다.한편 냉동 저장기간 동안 드립의 손실량의 변화는 -70˚C로 냉동 처리한 시료의 드립양은 3~4%정도로 -20˚C로 냉동 처리한 시료의 5~6%에 비해 적은 것을 알 수 있었다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of freezing methods, show freezing at -20℃ and rapid freezing at -70℃, on physical properties of Chinese cabbage in frozen Kimchi during storage at -20℃. Elasticity of midrib of Chinese cabbage in frozen Kimchi was decreased until 15 days and did not changed thereafter during storage at -20℃, Hardness of that was not changed during storage. Those results of elasticity and hardness of slow frozen sample are similar to rapid frozen sample. By the morphological observation through transmission electron microscope, more of cellular structure of Chinese cabbage in slow frozen was destructed than that of rapid frozen sample. Drip loss was more in slow frozen sample than that in rapid one.