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Shanmugasundaram Sivaraj,Viswanathan Vibhu Krishnan,Shetty Ajoy Prasad,Rai Nimish,Hajare Swapnil,Kanna Rishi Mukesh,Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.1
Study Design: Retrospective cohort.Purpose: The current study was planned to evaluate deformity characteristics, assess relationship between morphology of syrinx/Arnold Chiari malformation (ACM) and deformity, analyze effect of posterior fossa decompression (PFD), and evaluate outcome.Overview of Literature: Scoliosis in ACM-I and syringomyelia (SM) is uncommon, and deformity characteristics differ from those seen in idiopathic scoliosis.Methods: Data regarding patients, who underwent PFD for ACM-I presenting with SM and scoliosis between January 2009 and December 2018, were retrospectively collected. Only patients with 2-year follow-up were included. Sagittal/coronal deformity and sagittal spinopelvic parameters were examined. Symmetry and extent of tonsillar descent, as well as morphology (configuration/variation) and extent of syrinx were determined.Results: A total of 42 patients (20 females; age: 14.2±5.8 years) were included; 35 patients (83.3%) had atypical curves. Mean preoperative coronal Cobb was 57.7°±20.9°; and 12 (28.6%) had significant coronal imbalance. Tonsillar descent was classified as grade 1, 2, and 3 in 16 (38.1%), 11 (26.2%), and 15 (35.7%) patients; 35 patients (83.3%) had asymmetric tonsillar descent; 17 (40.4%), 3 (7.1%), 16 (38.1%), and 6 (14.4%) had circumscribed, moniliform, dilated, and slender syrinx patterns; and 9 (21.4%), 12 (28.6%), and 21 (50%) of syrinx were right-sided, left-sided, and centric. There was no significant relationship between side of tonsillar dominance (<i>p</i> =0.31), grade of descent (<i>p</i> =0.30), and convexity of deformity. There was significant association between side of syrinx and convexity of scoliosis (<i>p</i> =0.01). PFD was performed in all, and deformity correction was performed in 23 patients. In curves ≤40°, PFD alone could stabilize scoliosis progression (<i>p</i> =0.02). There was significant reduction in syrinx/cord ratio following PFD (<i>p</i> <0.001).Conclusions: ACM-I+SM patients had atypical curve patterns in 83% of cases, and the side of syrinx deviation correlates with scoliosis convexity. Syrinx shrinks significantly following PFD. PFD may not stabilize scoliosis in curves >40°.
Pazhaniswamy Sivaraj,Karuthedath Parameswaran Abhilash,Balakrishnan Nalini,Pandurangam Perumal,Kalimuthu Somasundaram,Paneerselvam Christopher Selvin 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.8
Experimental and computational techniques have been applied to investigate the influence of Li0.5La0.5TiO3 nanoparticles on the ionic conductivity of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/LiClO4 nanocomposite solid polymer electrolyte. The theoretical evidence facilitated to suggest a plausible mechanism for Li-ion conduction across the PVDF/LiClO4/Li0.5La0.5TiO3 based solid polymer electrolytes. The solid composite polymer electrolyte with 30wt% of Li0.5La0.5TiO3 (LLTO) nanofiller exhibited an unprecedented ionic conductivity of 2.3687 × 10-3 S cm-1 at room temperature. The addition of LLTO nanoparticles to the polymer matrix enhanced its ionic conductivity by two orders of magnitude. The activation energy (Ea) and total transference number (t) were estimated to be 0.29 eV and 0.853, respectively. The interaction between the filler and polymer matrix has been inferred by the density functional theory (DFT)-IR analysis. The DFT calculations have been performed on the above system using the basis set of B3LYP-LANL2DZ. The calculated IR spectra were compared with the experimental FTIR data, which allowed us to propose accurate vibrational assignments and to clarify the complex IR vibration of the samples. All-solid-state Li2FeSiO4/C|PVDF/LiClO4/LLTO| graphite lithium cell has been fabricated using the highest Li-ion conducting PVDF/LiClO4/LLTO composite polymer electrolyte. The all-solid-state cell exhibits an excellent initial specific capacity of 87.13 and 73.24 mAh g-1 after 30 cycles, demonstrating higher capacity retention. The findings provide an avenue for exploring the simple all-solid-state lithium batteries, which are potential candidates for next-generation energy storage technology.
Novel double switch voltage‑lift Cuk converter
G. Sivaraj,P. Karpagavalli 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.1
High voltage conversion with a continuous input and output current is the prime requirement for electric vehicles and renewable energy applications. In this paper, a new topology based on the Cuk converter is proposed to meet the high step-up gain, reduced switch stress, and continuous input current requirements. The topology is derived from the Cuk converter by using two switches, three inductors, a voltage-lift capacitor, and switched-capacitors. When compared to conventional converters, the proposed converter achieves a high step-up gain with reduced switch stress. Since the topology does not consist of a coupled inductor or transformer structure, voltage spikes during the turnoff process are eliminated. In addition, by simply varying the duty ratio of the two switches, a wide output voltage range is possible. The duty cycle and the switching pulses for the two switches are identical. Hence, the operation and control are simple. To analyze the topology, the continuous conduction mode of operation, voltage, and current stress of the devices, as well as an efficiency analysis are discussed. Finally, a 690 W prototype is implemented to experimentally examine and investigate the proposed converter.
Weak Separation Axioms in Generalized Topological Spaces
Renukadevi, V.,Sivaraj, D. Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.3
We show that in quasi-topological spaces, separation axiom $T_2$ is equivalent to ${\alpha}-T_2$, $T_0$ is equivalent to semi - $T_0$, and semi - $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ is equivalent to semi - $T_D$. Also, we give characterizations for ${\alpha}-T_1$, semi - $T_1$ and semi - $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ generalized topological spaces.
Zinc Metal Solubilization by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Induction of Pleomorphic Cells
( Saravanan ),( Venkatakrishnan Sivaraj ),( Jabez Osborne ),( Munusamy Madhaiyan ),( Lazar Mathew ),( Jong Bae Chung ),( Ki Sup Ahn ),( Tong Min Sa ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2007 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.17 No.9
Thangaraj Ayyasamy,Sivaraj Nirmala,Ayyavoo Saravanakumar 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.2
In general, designing a safe and robust automatic landing system is considered as a challenging task because most accidents occur during the landing and takeoff of aircraft. Due to the imbalance of a few external disturbances such as atmospheric turbulence, wind gusts, low altitude, measurement noises, low speed as well as wind shears the unexpected accidents take place. So, to overcome such types of accidents during the landing of UAV and to ensure an exact landing path our paper proposes a novel HDRNN-MBWO based aircraft auto-landing system. Here hybrid deep neural networks and Modified black widow optimization algorithms are integrated so as to form a novel HDRNN-MBWO approach. The main intention of the proposed approach involves designing a safe, robust as well as smooth automatic landing system. Here, the HDRNN-MBWO approach is employed to obtain better optimization performances. In addition to this, this proposed approach detects the fault and provides an estimated output with high efficiency, the smooth landing of aircraft as well as a minimum error value rate. The minimization of the error helps to prevent the crushing of aircraft during auto-landing thereby achieving smooth landing. The performance evaluation and the comparative analysis are carried out to examine the efficiency of the proposed approach under various aspects.
Padmaloshani Palanisamy,Nirmala Sivaraj 한국전자통신연구원 2018 ETRI Journal Vol.40 No.3
Femtocell (FC) technology envisaged as a cost‐effective approach to attain better indoor coverage of mobile voice and data service. Deployment of FCs over macrocell forms a heterogeneous network. In urban areas, the key factor limits the successful deployment of FCs is inter‐cell interference (ICI), which severely affects the performance of victim users. Autonomous FC transmission power setting is one straightforward way for coordinating ICI in the downlink. Application of intelligent control using soft computing techniques has not yet explored well for wireless networks. In this work, autonomous FC transmission power setting strategy using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System is proposed. The main advantage of the proposed method is zero signaling overhead, reduced computational complexity and bare minimum delay in performing power setting of FC base station because only the periodic channel measurement reports fed back by the user equipment are needed. System level simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method by providing much better throughput, even under high interference activation scenario and cell edge users can be prevented from going outage.
Properties of Topological Ideals and Banach Category Theorem
Devi, V. Renuka,Sivaraj, D.,Chelvam, T. Tamizh Department of Mathematics 2005 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.45 No.2
An ideal space is ${\cal{I}}-resolvable$ if it has two disjoint ${\cal{I}}-dense$ subsets. We answer the question: If X is ${\cal{I}}-resolvable$, then is X (${\cal{I}}\;{\cup}\;{\cal{N}$)-resolvable?, posed by Dontchev, Ganster and Rose. We give three generalizations of the well known Banach Category Theorem and deduce the Banach category Theorem as a corollary. Characterizations of completely codense ideals and ${\cal{I}-locally$ closed sets are given and their properties are discussed.
Padmaloshani, Palanisamy,Nirmala, Sivaraj Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2020 ETRI Journal Vol.42 No.2
Inter-cell interference (ICI) is a major problem in heterogeneous networks, such as two-tier femtocell (FC) networks, because it leads to poor cell-edge throughput and system capacity. Dynamic ICI coordination (ICIC) schemes, which do not require prior frequency planning, must be employed for interference avoidance in such networks. In contrast to existing dynamic ICIC schemes that focus on homogeneous network scenarios, we propose a novel semi-distributed dynamic ICIC scheme to mitigate interference in heterogeneous network scenarios. With the goal of maximizing the utility of individual users, two separate algorithms, namely the FC base station (FBS)-level algorithm and FC management system (FMS)-level algorithm, are employed to restrict resource usage by dominant interference-creating cells. The distributed functionality of the FBS-level algorithm and low computational complexity of the FMS-level algorithm are the main advantages of the proposed scheme. Simulation results demonstrate improvement in cell-edge performance with no impact on system capacity or user fairness, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed scheme compared to static and semi-static ICIC schemes.