신경회로망을 이용한 우리말 음소분리에 관한 연구

이우선,이승훈 國立 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.4 No.-

This thesis describes the segmentation of korean speech using a neural network. This neural network model is MLP(Multi layer perceptron) with one hidden layer and uses BP(Back propagation) for its learning algorithm. This model has 29 input nodes, 15 hidden nodes and 3 output nodes. the 25 filter bank output, the back to total cavity volume ratio(BTR), the root mean square(RMS) energy, the zero crossing rate(ZCR) and the filter bank output difference of adjacent frames are used as input parameters. The output pattern is divided into three group (vowel, consonant, voiced consonant). The result shows that this model is suitable for the segmentation of korean speech.

Perioperative immunonutrition in hepatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Chee Siong Wong,Raaj Praseedom,Siong-Seng Liau 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.4

Backgrounds/Aims: The role of immunonutrition (IMN) after liver resections or hepatectomies remains unclear and controversial. We undertook a systematic review to evaluate the effects of IMN on clinical outcomes of patients undergoing hepatectomy. Methods: Main electronic databases were searched for randomised trials reported clinical outcomes or effects of IMN. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guideline and meta-analysis was analysed using fixed or random-effects models. Results: Eleven RCTs were identified. A total of 1084 patients (529 IMN and 555 Control) were included in the final pooled analysis. Of these patients, 43% (440/1016) underwent major hepatectomies and the majority are for hepatocellular carcinoma (90%, 956/1055) with Child-Pugh A disease (89%, 793/894). IMN significantly reduced post-operative wound infection (risk ratio (RR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43 to 0.96; p=0.03). IMN also had a shorter hospital stay (MD −4.97 days, 95% CI −8.23 to −1.72; p=0.003). There was no statistically significant in other post-operative morbidities and mortality. Conclusions: Wound infection rate was not significantly different between oral and parenteral IMN group. The length of hospital stay was significantly lower in parenteral IMN group than in oral IMN group. The mortality rates were not affected. Immunonutrition should be recommended routinely as part of the nutritional support in the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocol for hepatectomy.

THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN MALAYSIA

SIONG HOOK LAW;HUI BOON TAN 경제연구소 2009 Journal of Economic Development Vol.34 No.2

This study examines the role of financial development in influencing income inequality in Malaysia over the period of 1980-2000. The empirical results based on ARDL bounds test indicate that financial market development is, at best, very weak and statistically insignificant in reducing income inequality in Malaysia. The evidence is valid for a variety of financial indicators, including the banking sector, the stock market and financial aggregate variables. The evidence also highlights that besides various government’s development programs, efforts should also concentrate on improving institutional quality, economic development and maintaining low inflation in its attempt to combat income inequality.

THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN MALAYSIA

SIONG HOOK LAW,HUI BOON TAN 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2009 Journal of Economic Development Vol.34 No.2

This study examines the role of financial development in influencing income inequality in Malaysia over the period of 1980-2000. The empirical results based on ARDL bounds test indicate that financial market development is, at best, very weak and statistically insignificant in reducing income inequality in Malaysia. The evidence is valid for a variety of financial indicators, including the banking sector, the stock market and financial aggregate variables. The evidence also highlights that besides various government’s development programs, efforts should also concentrate on improving institutional quality, economic development and maintaining low inflation in its attempt to combat income inequality.

Multiple Endocrinologic Complications in Thalassemia Major

( Siong Hu Wong ),( Julia Omar ),( Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail ) 대한임상검사과학회 2017 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.49 No.4

Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder with a defective synthesis of either the alpha or the beta chain of hemoglobin A. Blood transfusion is crucial for the survival in these patients. Unfortunately, endocrine dysfunction is a very common complication in these patients and is principally due to excessive iron overload as a result of frequent blood transfusions. Although regular blood transfusion may increase life expectancy, disturbances in growth and pubertal development, abnormal gonadal functions, impaired thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal functions, diabetes, and disorderly bone growth are common side effects. We hereby present a case of a 23-year-old, unmarried woman with beta thalassemia major presenting with primary amenorrhea, poor development of secondary sexual character, and short stature. Thorough history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigation, including dynamic function test (insulin tolerance test) were conducted. These tests confirmed that she had multiple endocrinopathies, including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, and subclinical adrenal insufficiency, which were caused by iron overload. She required hormone replacement therapy. Early recognition of possible deficiencies in hypothalamo-pituitary-end organ hormones caused by iron overload in thalassemia patients that undergo frequent blood transfusion procedures is essential. Appropriate treatments, including transfusion regimen and chelation therapy, as well as specific treatment of each complication are the crucial for the successful management and improvement of quality of life these patients.

Efficacy and Safety of Functional Medial Ligament Balancing With Stepwise Multiple Needle Puncturing in Varus Total Knee Arthroplasty

Siong, Fong Teck,Kim, Tae Woo,Kim, Seong Chan,Lee, Eui Soo,Jaffar, Mohd Shahrul Azuan,Lee, Yong Seuk Churchill Livingstone 2020 The Journal of arthroplasty Vol.35 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The aims of this study were to (1) describe our functional stepwise multiple needle puncturing (MNP) technique as the final step in medial ligament balancing during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and (2) evaluate whether this technique can provide sufficient medial release with safety.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 137 patients with 212 consecutive knees who underwent TKAs with or without functional stepwise MNP of superficial medial collateral ligament was recruited in this prospective cohort. Eighty-one patients with 129 knees who performed serial stress radiographs were enrolled in the final assessment. Superficial medial collateral ligament was punctured selectively (anteriorly or posteriorly or both) and sequentially depending on the site and degree of tightness. Mediolateral stability was assessed using serial stress radiographs and comparison was performed between the MNP and the non-MNP groups at postoperative 6 months and 1 year. Clinical outcomes were also evaluated between 2 groups.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Fifty-five TKAs required additional stepwise MNP (anterior needling 19, posterior needling 3, both anterior and posterior needling 33). Preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle and the difference in varus-valgus stress angle showed significant difference between the MNP and the non-MNP groups, respectively (<I>P</I> = .009, <I>P</I> = .037). However, there was no significant difference when comparing the varus-valgus stress angle between the MNP and the non-MNP groups during serial assessment. Clinical outcomes including range of motion also showed no significant differences between the 2 groups.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Functional medial ligament balancing with stepwise MNP can provide sufficient medial release with safety in TKA with varus aligned knee without clinical deterioration or complication such as instability.</P> <P><B>Level of Evidence</B></P> <P>Level II, Prospective cohort study.</P>

Strength and Toughness of Lightweight Foamed Concrete with Different Sand Grading

Siong Kang Lim,Cher Siang Tan,Xiao Zhao,Tung Chai Ling 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.7

Lightweight Foamed Concrete (LFC) is one of the recent advancement of concrete technology in civil engineering. Different gradation of sand in lightweight foamed concrete will change the physical properties of the concrete. This paper aims to study the fresh and hardened properties of lightweight foamed concrete with density of 1300 ± 50 kg/ m3 that produced by using different gradations of sand. Four categories of sand gradations, ranging from 2.36 mm to 0.60 mm were used. Cube and prism specimens were cast and cured in water curing as well as 7-day initial water curing followed by air curing conditions. The measured spread values indicated that the finer sand used in the foamed concrete has lowered its workability and increases its water to cement ratio for desired consistency and stability. It was noted that the specimens prepared with 0.60 mm sand have obtained the highest compressive and flexural strengths as well as flexural toughness compared with the specimens prepared with coarser sand gradations.

Trade Openness, Capital Flows and Financial Development in Developing Economies

Siong Hook Law 한국국제경제학회 2009 International Economic Journal Vol.23 No.3

This paper examines the impact of trade openness and capital flows on financial development in developing countries using a dynamic panel GMM estimation technique. The empirical results reveal that trade openness and capital flows are statistically significant determinants of financial development. Simultaneous opening of both the trade and capital accounts also appear to have positive impacts on financial development. The evidence also suggests that openness leads to improved financial development through institutional quality and competition channels. However, the institutional channel outperforms competition in ensuring the positive effects of openness on financial market depth in developing countries.

Urinary chitinase 3-like 1 and intestinal fatty-acid binding proteins are not elevated in children with inflammatory bowel disease

Shaun Siong Chung Ho,Jacqueline Ilene Keenan,Andrew Stewart Day 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.4

Vertical Cyclic Performance of Precast Frame with Hook-end U-shaped High-damping Rubber Joint

Kai-Siong Woon,Farzad Hejazi 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.5

High-damping rubber (HDR) has been commonly used to dissipate cyclic energy and reduce the bumping effect of a building structure. Studies on the application of HDR in precast reinforced concrete structures have mainly focused on the effects caused by lateral cyclic loads, but joints in precast structures are also highly susceptible to damage when frames are subjected to vertical cyclic loads. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a new hook-end U-shaped joint by using HDR so that the formation of cracks on precast frames could be minimized and the accumulated energy dissipation capacities could be enhanced under the actions of a vertical cyclic load. The developed joint was experimentally tested and compared with a single dowel beam-column-connected precast frame. Results revealed that the performance of the joint was similar to that of hysteresis loops and yield force. But, its maximum force and strength ratio were slightly lower than that of the control precast frame. A nonlinear 3D numerical model was also created and subjected to a vertical cyclic load to predict the behavior of the precast frame with the proposed and single dowel beam-column connections. Differences between numerical and experimental results were identified by comparing numerical data with experimental data.