Effect of Prior Microstructures on Cementite Dissolution Behavior During Subcritical Annealing of High Carbon Steels

Xiao‑Yu Zhao,Xian‑Ming Zhao,Chun‑Yu Dong,Yang Yang,Huai‑Bin Han 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.6

The variation of the morphology and distribution of cementite particles in different prior structures with spheroidizingannealing process has been proceeded in this paper. It is found that the dissolution and coarsening progresses of variousinitial structures in spheroidizing annealing process are quite asynchronous due to the different interlamellar spacing. Thedissolution rate of degenerated pearlite (D-P) with finer interlamellar spacing is faster. The granular cementite in the spheroidizedmicrostructure is fine, uniform and dense. The mean diameter of spherical cementite is refined to 233 nm. However,the initial structure of degenerated pearlite (D-P) is highly sensitive to the austenitization temperature. The cementite iseasy to be coarsened under high austenitizing temperature. The coarsening is accompanied by the gradual increase of theCr content in the cementite, which increases the stability of the cementite. Therefore, the optimal austenitizing temperaturefor degenerated pearlite (D-P) is suggested to be 770 °C.

从“拾得遗失物”立法看传统对现实的批判 : Critique Survey of Reality from the Traditional Lost Property Legislation

趙晓耕 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.20 No.4

본 논문은 당대에서 명, 청과 중화민국 시기의 법률 중 유실물 습득에 관한 관련 규정을 분석하고 법 규정 배후의 도덕의 내용과 규정 사이 논리의 규명에 집중한 것이다. 당대 법전에서는 유실물습득은 관청에 교부해야 하고 물건 주인의 소유권을 보호하는 엄격한 절차를 규정하였고 명대에 이르러 공시기간 만료 후에 확인 받을 사람이 없는 물건은 습득자가 소유권을 취득하고 습득자는 보수를 주장할 수 있는 것으로 수정하여 후대 입법에 중대한 영향을 끼쳤고 중화민국 관련 입법까지도 이와 유사하다. 다만 현행 중국 ｢물권법｣은 유실물을 국가에 넘겨 국가가 소유권을 취득하는 입법방식을 취하고 있어 원래의 법전통과 상당히 큰 차이가 있다. 중국의 고대법률과 현행 ｢물권법｣ 중 관련 규정의 대조를 통하여 필자는 중국은 고대입법의 경험을 흡수하여 소유권자에 대한 보호를 강화하여 법조문 사이의 논리적 충돌을 해소하고 가능한 한 도덕과 법률의 평형을 추구해야만 할 것이라는 점을 지적하였다. 本文梳理了唐代至明清以及民国时期法律中关于拾得遗失物的相关规定,并〔意揭示法律规范背后的道德内涵和规定之间的逻辑。唐代法典中规定拾得遗失物应上交,并规定有保护物主所有权的严格程序,至明代改为公示期满后无人认领由拾得人取得所有权,且拾得人可主张报酬,对后世立法产生了深刻影响,直至民国相关立法依然与此类似。但当代我国《物权法》采遗失物交公且国家取得所有权的立法方式,与原有法律传统存在较大区别。通过将中国古代法律与当代《物权法》中相关规定的对比,笔者指出我国应吸收古代立法的科学经验,加强对于所有权人的保护,消弭法律条文之间的逻辑冲突,并尽量追求道德与法律的平衡。 Aiming at revealing the logic between the legal regulations and their moral connotation, this article has reviewed the relevant provisions on the lost-and-found objects in the law from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, as well as the provisions of the Republic of China. Back to the Tang Dynasty, the lost-and-found objects should be turned over to the authorities in accordance with a strict procedure designed for protecting the ownership of the objects. While in the Ming Dynasty, the relevant provisions has changed, it states that the ownership of the lost-and-found objects could be claimed by the finders after the period of public notice, who can also claim recompense accordingly. The legislation of the lost property system in the Ming Dynasty has such a profound influence on the later age that the similar provisions have lasted till the Republic of China. However, the contemporary Property Law of PRC has adopted the legislative approaches that the ownership of the lost property being taken by the authorities, which have a wide difference from the original legal traditions. By comparing the ancient and contemporary Property Law of China, the author points out that the authorities should draw on the scientific experience of ancient legislation approaches for the sake of the protection for the ownership, moreover, it may help to eliminate the internal logical contradictions between the provisions and pursue the balance of morality and law.

8q24 rs4242382 Polymorphism is a Risk Factor for Prostate Cancer among Multi-Ethnic Populations: Evidence from Clinical Detection in China and a Meta-analysis

Zhao, Cheng-Xiao,Liu, Ming,Xu, Yong,Yang, Kuo,Wei, Dong,Shi, Xiao-Hong,Yang, Fan,Zhang, Yao-Guang,Wang, Xin,Liang, Si-Ying,Zhao, Fan,Zhang, Yu-Rong,Wang, Na-Na,Chen, Xin,Sun, Liang,Zhu, Xiao-Quan,Yuan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Background: Evidence supporting an association between the 8q24 rs4242382-A polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) risk has been reported in North American and Europe populations, though data from Asian populations remain limited. We therefore investigated this association by clinical detection in China, and meta-analysis in Asian, Caucasian and African-American populations. Materials and Methods: Blood samples and clinical information were collected from ethnically Chinese men from Northern China with histologically-confirmed PCa (n=335) and from age-matched normal controls (n=347). The 8q24 (rs4242382) gene polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting analysis. We initially analyzed the associations between the risk allele and PCa and clinical covariates. A meta-analysis was then performed using genotyping data from a total of 1,793 PCa cases and 1,864 controls from our study and previously published studies in American and European populations, to determine the association between PCa and risk genotype. Results: The incidence of the risk allele was higher in PCa cases than controls (0.222 vs 0.140, $P=7.3{\times}10^{-5}$), suggesting that the 8q24 rs4242382-A polymorphism was associated with PCa risk in Chinese men. The genotypes in subjects were in accordance with a dominant genetic model (ORadj=2.03, 95%CI: 1.42-2.91, $Padj=1.1{\times}10^{-4}$). Presence of the risk allele rs4242382-A at 8q24 was also associated with clinical covariates including age at diagnosis ${\geq}65$ years, prostate specific antigen >10 ng/ml, Gleason score <8, tumor stage and aggressive PCa, compared with the non-risk genotype ($P=4.6{\times}10^{-5}-3.0{\times}10^{-2}$). Meta-analysis confirmed the association between 8q24 rs4242382-A polymorphism and PCa risk (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.39-1.88, $P=1.0{\times}10^{-5}$) across Asian, Caucasian and African American populations. Conclusions: The replicated data suggest that the 8q24 rs4242382-A variation might be associated with increased PCa susceptibility in Asian, Caucasian and African American populations. These results imply that this polymorphism may be a useful risk biomarker for PCa in multi-ethnic populations.

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy is Associated with in Situ Breast Cancer Risk

Ni, Xiao-Jian,Xia, Tian-Song,Zhao, Ying-Chun,Ma, Jing-Jing,Zhao, Jie,Liu, Xiao-An,Ding, Qiang,Zha, Xiao-Ming,Wang, Shui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Background: The relationship between postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and invasive breast cancer has been extensively investigated, but that with breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) has received relatively little attention. The aim of our present study was to review and summarize the evidence provided by longitudinal studies on the association between postmenopausal HT use and BCIS risk. Methods: A comprehensive literature search for articles published up to May 2012 was performed. Prior to performing a meta-analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) values were calculated using 14 reports (8 case-control studies and 6 cohort studies), published between 1986 and 2012. Results: There was evidence of an association between ever postmenopausal estrogen use and BCIS based on a random-effects model (RR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.55). However, we found no strong evidence of an association between ever postmenopausal estrogen combined with progesterone use and BCIS using a randomeffects model (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 0.95, 2.51). Furthermore, our analysis showed a strong association between "> 5 years duration" of estrogen or estrogen combined with progesterone use and BCIS. Furthermore, current use of any HT is associated with increased risk of BCIS in cohort studies. Additional well-designed large studies are now required to validate this association in different populations.

Mechanisms of Extracellular NO and Ca2+ Regulating the Growth of Wheat Seedling Roots

Xiang Zhao,Xiao-wei Zhao,Hui He,Yan-xiao Wang,Xiao Zhang 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.4

Our previous studies suggested the cross talk of nitric oxide (NO) with Ca2+ in regulating stomatal movement. However, its mechanism of action is not well defined in plant roots. In this study, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of wheat seedling roots in a dose-dependent manner, which was alleviated through reducing extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Analyzing the content of Ca2+ and K+ in wheat seedling roots showed that SNP significantly promoted Ca2+ accumulation and inhibited K+ accumulation at a higher concentration of extracellular Ca2+, but SNP promoted K+ accumulation in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. To gain further insights into Ca2+ function in the NOregulated growth of wheat seedling roots, we conducted the patch-clamped protoplasts of wheat seedling roots in a whole cell configuration. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+,NO activated inward-rectifying K+ channels, but had little effects on outward-rectifying K+ channels. In the presence of 2 mmol L−1 CaCl2 in the bath solution, NO significantly activated outward-rectifying K+ channels, which was partially alleviated by LaCl3 (a Ca2+ channel inhibitor). In contrast,2 mmol L−1 CaCl2 alone had little effect on inward or outward-rectifying K+ channels. Thus, NO inhibits the growth of wheat seedling roots likely by promoting extracellular Ca2+ influx excessively. The increase in cytosolic Ca2+ appears to inhibit K+ influx, promotes K+outflux across the plasma membrane, and finally reduces the content of K+ in root cells.

Production of Transgenic Pigs with an Introduced Missense Mutation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type IB Gene Related to Prolificacy

Zhao, Xueyan,Yang, Qiang,Zhao, Kewei,Jiang, Chao,Ren, Dongren,Xu, Pan,He, Xiaofang,Liao, Rongrong,Jiang, Kai,Ma, Junwu,Xiao, Shijun,Ren, Jun,Xing, Yuyun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.7

In the last few decades, transgenic animal technology has witnessed an increasingly wide application in animal breeding. Reproductive traits are economically important to the pig industry. It has been shown that the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPR1B) A746G polymorphism is responsible for the fertility in sheep. However, this causal mutation exits exclusively in sheep and goat. In this study, we attempted to create transgenic pigs by introducing this mutation with the aim to improve reproductive traits in pigs. We successfully constructed a vector containing porcine BMPR1B coding sequence (CDS) with the mutant G allele of A746G mutation. In total, we obtained 24 cloned male piglets using handmade cloning (HMC) technique, and 12 individuals survived till maturation. A set of polymerase chain reactions indicated that 11 of 12 matured boars were transgene-positive individuals, and that the transgenic vector was most likely disrupted during cloning. Of 11 positive pigs, one (No. 11) lost a part of the terminator region but had the intact promoter and the CDS regions. cDNA sequencing showed that the introduced allele (746G) was expressed in multiple tissues of transgene-positive offspring of No.11. Western blot analysis revealed that BMPR1B protein expression in multiple tissues of transgene-positive $F_1$ piglets was 0.5 to 2-fold higher than that in the transgene-negative siblings. The No. 11 boar showed normal litter size performance as normal pigs from the same breed. Transgene-positive $F_1$ boars produced by No. 11 had higher semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate than the negative siblings, although the differences did not reached statistical significance. Transgene-positive $F_1$ sows had similar litter size performance to the negative siblings, and more data are needed to adequately assess the litter size performance. In conclusion, we obtained 24 cloned transgenic pigs with the modified porcine BMPR1B CDS using HMC. cDNA sequencing and western blot indicated that the exogenous BMPR1B CDS was successfully expressed in host pigs. The transgenic pigs showed normal litter size performance. However, no significant differences in litter size were found between transgene-positive and negative sows. Our study provides new insight into producing cloned transgenic livestock related to reproductive traits.

Member capacity of columns with semi-rigid end conditions in Oktalok space frames

Zhao, Xiao-Ling,Lim, Peter,Joseph, Paul,Pi, Yong-Lin Techno-Press 2000 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.10 No.1

The Oktalok nodal connection system is an aesthetic and efficient system. It has been widely used throughout Australia. The paper will briefly introduce the concept and application of the Oktalok nodal system. The existing design method is based on the assumption that the joints are pin-ended, i.e., the rotational stiffness of the joints is zero. However the ultimate capacity of the frame may increase significantly depending on the rotational stiffness of the joints. Stiffness tests and finite element simulations were carried out to determine the rotational stiffness of the Oktalok joints. Column buckling tests and non-linear finite element analyses were performed to determine the member capacity of columns with semi-rigid end conditions. A simple formulae for the effective length factor of column buckling is derived based on the above experimental and theoretical investigations.

A Multi-center Survey of HPV Knowledge and Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination among Women, Government Officials, and Medical Personnel in China

Zhao, Fang-Hui,Tiggelaar, Sarah M.,Hu, Shang-Ying,Zhao, Na,Hong, Ying,Niyazi, Mayinuer,Gao, Xiao-Hong,Ju, Li-Rong,Zhang, Li-Qin,Feng, Xiang-Xian,Duan, Xian-Zhi,Song, Xiu-Ling,Wang, Jing,Yang, Yun,Li, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objectives: To assess knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among the general female population, government officials, and healthcare providers in China to assist the development of an effective national HPV vaccination program. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted across 21 urban and rural sites in China using a short questionnaire. 763 government officials, 760 healthcare providers, and 11,681 women aged 15-59 years were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Knowledge of HPV among the general female population was low; only 24% had heard of HPV. Less than 20% of healthcare providers recognized sexually na$\ddot{i}$ve women as the most appropriate population for HPV vaccination. There was high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for all categories of respondents. Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. Conclusions: Aggressive education is necessary to increase knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Further proof of vaccine safety and efficacy and government subsidies combined with increased awareness could facilitate development and implementation of HPV vaccination in China.

Globalization Strategy for China's Film Industry

Zhao Ling xiao,Niu Jing,Zhang Ruo nan 한국유통과학회 2016 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2016 No.-

China's film industry has a one-century-long history during which with the rise and fall of China's politics and economy. Nowadays China's film industry is faced both golden opportunities and unprecedented challenges. A large number of outstanding Chinese film makers have acted positively and the China's film industry has had a brand-new appearance. However, compared with other countries, China still has much room for development. Started from the present development situation of China's film industry, this thesis analyzed the development process of North America, South Korea film industry markets. Drawing their advantages and abandoning their disadvantages, this thesis comes up with some related adjustments in industry management system and development strategies. China's film industry not only enjoys room for improvement in film-making ideas and logical components, but also is categorized as a part of international economy because of the change in business philosophy.

Comparative proteomic analysis of proteins expression changes in the mammary tissue of cows infected with Escherichia coli mastitis

Xiao-wei Zhao,Yong-xin Yang,Dong-wei Huang,Guang-long Cheng,Hui-ling Zhao 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.3

Cows infected with Escherichia (E.) coli usually experience severe clinical symptoms, including damage to mammary tissues, reduced milkyield, and altered milk composition. In order to investigate the host response to E. coli infection and discover novel markers for mastitistreatment, mammary tissue samples were collected from healthy cows and bovines with naturally occurring severe E. coli mastitis. Changesof mammary tissue proteins were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and label-free proteomic approaches. A total of 95differentially expressed proteins were identified. Of these, 56 proteins were categorized according to molecular function, cellular component,and biological processes. The most frequent biological processes influenced by the proteins were response to stress, transport, andestablishment of localization. Furthermore, a network analysis of the proteins with altered expression in mammary tissues demonstrated thatthese factors are predominantly involved with binding and structural molecule activities. Vimentin and -enolase were central “functionalhubs” in the network. Based on results from the present study, disease-induced alterations of protein expression in mammary glands andpotential markers for the effective treatment of E. coli mastitis were identified. These data have also helped elucidate defense mechanismsthat protect the mammary glands and promote the pathogenesis of E. coli mastitis.