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서양 현대 음악에서 중국 악기 사용을 위한 창조적 이해
마이클시드니팀슨 ( Michael Sidney Timpson ) 한국음악학학회 2011 음악학 Vol.19 No.2
서양음악을 훈련받은 작곡가는 중국 악기의 구조와 디자인, 그리고 연주 관습을 이해함으로써 이러한 옛 악기들을 현대음악에 사용할 때의 여러 이점과 함께 한계점을 두루 알 수 있게 된다. 그 기원에 있어 서양의 전통 악기들보다 오래된 중국의 전통 악기들은 서양에서 종종 오해하고 있는 독립적인 예술세계에서 창조되고 발전되었다. 이 논문은 중국과 서양의 악기들이 갖는 기술적 능력을 평가함에 있어서 음악적 의도만이 아니라 악기의 디자인과 연주에 대한 적용 가능성을 함께 살필 것이다. 관련된 여러 사례들을 통해 서양 현대 음악의 맥락에서 중국 악기들을 사용할 때 부딪치게 되는 난점과 창조적 가능성을 동시에 제시하겠다. 여기서 다음과 같은 몇 가지 쟁점들이 다루어질 것이다. 그것은 조율과 제스처, 리듬과 음색의 유연성과 이에 대응하는 평균율 음고의 정확성, 조성적 화성, 그리고 제스처/음색의 안정성을 통한 도전이다. 이 연구는 미래의 작곡가들로 하여금 현대 음악에서 전통 음악의 혁신적 가능성(여러 한계들과 반대되는 것으로서)을 이해할 수 있도록 아이디어를 제시해주기 위해 씌어졌다. 또한 서로 다른 문화적 세계 사이에 좀 더 큰 상호이해의 다리를 놓아줄 것을 의도하고 있다. Through understanding the construction, design, and performance practice of Chinese instruments, the Western-trained composer can more greatly understand both the many limitations and advantages for using these ancient instruments in contemporary music. Having origins that surpass their occidental counterparts, traditional Chinese instruments were created and developed in a separate artistic world that is often misunderstood in the West. This paper evaluates both Chinese and Western instruments` technical capabilities via their design and performance application, as well as musical intent. From these examples, both the disadvantages and creative potentials are demonstrated for Chinese instruments in a modern western context. Specific issues include, flexibility of intonation, gesture, rhythm and timbre versus challenges in exactness of equal-tempered pitch, tonal harmony, and gestural/timbral stability. This research is meant to inspire future composers to understand the innovative possibilities (as opposed to restrictions) of tradition in contemporary music, as well as having the goal of bridging greater communicative knowledge between very different cultural worlds.
Sidney J. Gray,Hong, Sung-Hoon 계명대학교 산업경영연구소 2000 ASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Vol.3 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to provide some insights into the motivations and location patterns of Korean companies in the early stages of foreign direct investment in the European Union during the 1980s and early 1990s. Hypotheses drawing on a wide rage of FDI theories are tested using a case study methodology involving field research at both headquarters and subsidiary levels in three major Korean electronics companies: Samsung, LG (Goldstar) and Daewoo. While there is broad support for the explanations hypothesized, Korean FDI has some unique features which contradict traditional theories and which provide some new perspective on foreign investment behaviour by Asian MNEs.
A Model for Developing Urban Innovation Clusters
Sidney Morse 세계과학도시연합 2013 World Technopolis Review Vol.2 No.2
This paper seeks to build on previous work conducted by Porter, Devol, Florida, Bahrami and Evans, Wennberg and Lindqvist, and others contained in the literature, to construct a new way of looking at innovation cluster development. It seeks to describe the key elements contained in the research that serve as building blocks for innovation clustering, adding analysis dimensions that aim to further illuminate understanding of this process. It compares those building block characteristics to the innovation topography of U.S. urban centers, to shed light on a new framework through which urban innovation cluster formation can be considered. It identifies three building block analysis categories: 1) Technological Capability and Capacity (TCC); 2) Intellectual Propulsion Capacity (IPC); and 3) Structural Creative Inspiration (SCI). These three pillars form the architecture for creation of a Strategic Innovation Network (SIN), upon which clustering can be systematically analysed and built. The purpose of the SIN is to optimally organize and connect all available resources that include physical, financial, and human, such that innovation clustering is inspired, encouraged, nurtured, and ultimately constructed as fully functioning socio-economic organisms that provide both local and regional benefits. It is designed to aid both private enterprise and public policy leaders in their strategic planning considerations, and to enhance urban economic development opportunities.