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- 저자 : Shinya Harada (검색결과 2 건)
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Cu(In,Ga)Se2 superstrate-type solar cells with Zn1−xMgxO buffer layers
Takashi Minemoto,Shinya Harada,Hideyuki Takakura 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.1
Superstrate-type Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells were fabricated using Zn1-xMgxO buffer layers. Due to the diffusion of Cd into CIGS during the growth of the CIGS layer, the conventional buffer material of CdS is not suitable. ZnO is a good candidate because of higher thermal tolerance but the conduction band offset (CBO) of ZnO/CIGS is not appropriate. In this study, the Zn1-xMgxO buffer layers were used to fulfill both the requirements. The superstrate-type solar cells with a soda-lime glass/In2O3:Sn/Zn1-xMgxO/CIGS/Au structure were fabricated with different band gap energies of the Zn1-xMgxO layer. The CIGS layers [Ga/(In + Ga)~0.25] were deposited by co-evaporation method. The substrate temperature during the CIGS deposition of 450 ℃ did not cause the intermixing of the Zn1-xMgxO and CIGS layers. The conversion efficiency of the cell with Zn1-xMgxO was higher than that with ZnO due to the improvement of open-circuit voltage and shunt resistance. The results well corresponded to the behavior of the adjustment of CBO, demonstrating that the usefulness of the Zn1-xMgxO layer for the CBO control in the superstrate-type CIGS solar cells. Superstrate-type Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells were fabricated using Zn1-xMgxO buffer layers. Due to the diffusion of Cd into CIGS during the growth of the CIGS layer, the conventional buffer material of CdS is not suitable. ZnO is a good candidate because of higher thermal tolerance but the conduction band offset (CBO) of ZnO/CIGS is not appropriate. In this study, the Zn1-xMgxO buffer layers were used to fulfill both the requirements. The superstrate-type solar cells with a soda-lime glass/In2O3:Sn/Zn1-xMgxO/CIGS/Au structure were fabricated with different band gap energies of the Zn1-xMgxO layer. The CIGS layers [Ga/(In + Ga)~0.25] were deposited by co-evaporation method. The substrate temperature during the CIGS deposition of 450 ℃ did not cause the intermixing of the Zn1-xMgxO and CIGS layers. The conversion efficiency of the cell with Zn1-xMgxO was higher than that with ZnO due to the improvement of open-circuit voltage and shunt resistance. The results well corresponded to the behavior of the adjustment of CBO, demonstrating that the usefulness of the Zn1-xMgxO layer for the CBO control in the superstrate-type CIGS solar cells.
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<i>Cis‐</i>control of <i>Six1</i> expression in neural crest cells during craniofacial development
Wu, Zhaoming,Rao, Yanxia,Zhang, Sushan,Kim, Eun‐,Jung,Oki, Shinya,Harada, Hidemitsu,Cheung, Martin,Jung, Han‐,Sung John WileySons, Inc. 2019 Developmental dynamics Vol.248 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P><I>Six1</I> is a transcriptional factor that plays an important role in embryonic development. Mouse and chick embryos deficient for <I>Six1</I> have multiple craniofacial anomalies in the facial bones and cartilages. Multiple <I>Six1</I> enhancers have been identified, but none of them has been reported to be active in the maxillary and mandibular process.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We studied two <I>Six1</I> enhancers in the chick neural crest tissues during craniofacial development. We showed that two evolutionarily conserved enhancers, Six1E1 and Six1E2, act synergistically. Neither Six1E1 nor Six1E2 alone can drive enhancer reporter signal in the maxillary or mandibular processes. However, their combination, Six1E, showed robust enhancer activity in these tissues. Similar reporter signal can also be driven by the mouse homolog of Six1E. Mutations of multiple conserved transcriptional factor binding sites altered the enhancer activity of Six1E, especially mutation of the LIM homeobox binding site, dramatically reduced the enhancer activity, implying that the Lhx protein family be an important regulator of <I>Six1</I> expression.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>This study, for the first time, described the synergistic activation of two <I>Six1</I> enhancers in the maxillary and mandibular processes and will facilitate more detailed studies of the regulation of <I>Six1</I> in craniofacial development.</P><P><B>Key Findings</B></P><P>Two evolutionarily conserved enhancers control <I>Six1</I> expression in the maxillary and mandibular process synergistically. The synergy is also evolutionarily conserved. Lhx binding site is important for the enhancer activity.</P>
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