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Chi-Square Statistical based Technique for Intrusion Detection
Sheenam,Abhinav Bhandari 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.9
Tools required for the security purposes are firewall, passwords, IDS, IPS for the detection of anomaly and prevent it from sending out the harmful traffic to the network. So, it is very necessary to examine the behavior of traffic that coming to the network and recognize the anomalous behavior. In this paper, statistical based chi-square method is used to detect the anomalous behavior and predict the intrusions by calculating the observed and expected frequencies. Setting of interval is difficult for the detection of anomaly but in our case we set interval according to the less variation in traffic. Traffic contains from the backscatter dataset. Chi-square method is good to detect the anomalous behaviors because it gives the Poisson’s distribution for the whole traffic on network. Large difference shows anomaly occurs.
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Performance improvements of organic solar cell using dual cathode buffer layers
Sheenam Sachdeva,Jagdish Kaur,Kriti Sharma,S.K. Tripathi 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.12
The present study deals with the effect of dual cathode buffer layer (CBL) on the performance of bilayer of 4,4′- cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC) and fullerene (C70)-based organic solar cell (OSC) with low donor concentration. OSC devices with CBLs have been fabricated using thermal vapor deposition technique. We report the use of lithium fluoride (LiF) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) as CBLs. The insertion of LiF between C70 and aluminium (Al) electrode enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of device from 1.89% to 2.47% but quenching of photogenerated excitons is observed at interface of C70 and LiF layers. Incorporation of MoO3 between LiF and Al electrode further enhances PCE of device to 3.51%. This has also improved the material quality and device properties, by preventing the formation of gap states and diminishing exciton quenching.
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Rajiv Azad,Mohit Tayal,Sheenam Azad,Garima Sharma,Rajendra Kumar Srivastava 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.6
Objective: To compare the contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-FLAIR), the CE T1-weighted (CE-T1W) sequence with fat suppression (FS) and magnetization transfer (MT) for early detection and characterization of infectious meningitis. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients and 10 control subjects were evaluated with the CE-FLAIR and the CE-T1W sequences with FS and MT. Qualitative assessment was done by two observers for presence and grading of abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement. Quantitative assessment included computation of net meningeal enhancement, using single pixel signal intensity software. A newly devised FLAIR based scoring system, based on certain imaging features including ventricular dilatation, ependymal enhancement, infarcts and subdural effusions was used to indicate the etiology. Data were analysed using the Student’s t test, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient, one way analysis of variance, and Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction as the post hoc test. Results: The CE-FLAIR sequence demonstrated a better sensitivity (100%), diagnostic accuracy (95%), and a stronger correlation with the cerebrospinal fluid, total leukocyte count (r = 0.75), protein (r = 0.77), adenosine deaminase (r = 0.81) and blood glucose (r = -0.6) values compared to the CE-T1W sequences. Qualitative grades and quantitative meningeal enhancement on the CE-FLAIR sequence were also significantly greater than those on the other sequences. The FLAIR based scoring system yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 91.6% and a sensitivity of 96%. A strong inverse Pearson’s correlation (r = -0.95) was found between the assigned score and patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale at the time of admission. Conclusion: The CE-FLAIR sequence is better suited for evaluating infectious meningitis and could be included as a part of the routine MR imaging protocol.
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