Evaluation of Barley and Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Head Blight and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum

Seul Gi Baek(Seul Gi Baek),Jin Ju Park(Jin Ju Park),Sosoo Kim(Sosoo Kim),Mi-Jeong Lee(Mi-Jeong Lee),Ji-Seon Paek(Ji-Seon Paek),Jangnam Choi(Jangnam Choi),Ja Yeong Jang(Ja Yeong Jang),Jeomsoon Kim(Jeom 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.6

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious diseases in barley and wheat, as it is usually accompanied by the production of harmful mycotoxins in the grains. To identify FHB-resistant breeding resources, we evaluated 60 elite germplasm accessions of barley (24) and wheat (36) for FHB and mycotoxin accumulation. Assessments were performed in a greenhouse and five heads per accession were inoculated with both Fusarium asiaticum (Fa73, nivalenol producer) and F. graminearum (Fg39, deoxynivalenol producer) strains. While the accessions varied in disease severity and mycotoxin production, four wheat and one barley showed <20% FHB severity repeatedly by both strains. Mycotoxin levels in these accessions ranged up to 3.9 mg/ kg. FHB severity was generally higher in barley than in wheat, and Fa73 was more aggressive in both crops than Fg39. Fg39 itself, however, was more aggressive toward wheat and produced more mycotoxin in wheat than in barley. FHB severity by Fa73 and Fg39 were moderately correlated in both crops (r = 0.57/0.60 in barley and 0.42/0.58 in wheat). FHB severity and toxin production were also correlated in both crops, with a stronger correlation for Fa73 (r = 0.42/0.82 in barley, 0.70 in wheat) than for Fg39.

맥류 종자의 페룰산(ferulic acid) 함량과 붉은곰팡이 저항성

백슬기(Seul Gi Baek),김소수(Sosoo Kim),장자영(Ja Yeong Jang),김점순(Jeomsoon Kim),이데레사(Theresa Lee) 한국식물병리학회 2020 식물병연구 Vol.26 No.4

페룰산 함량이 붉은곰팡이병과 곰팡이독소 저항성 곡류 육종의 선발지표가 될 수 있는지 알기 위해 밀, 보리, 벼 육성 품Table 4. Comparison of barley and wheat for trichothecenes produced by head blight pathogens Pathogena Trichothecene level (μg/g)b t value P-value Wheat Barley Fg(PH-1)-DON 3.86±2.92 6.16±0.28 -2.12051 0.078 Fg(Z34)-DON 3.48±2.62 4.77±2.07 -0.85405 0.426 Fa(W1D)-DON 4.41±0.77 4.75±0.73 -0.74320 0.485 Fa(#73)-NIV 3.04±2.54 5.90±0.60 -2.97238 0.025 Mean 3.69±1.51 5.40±0.40 -2.64047 0.039 aSpecies (isolate name)-trichothecene chemotype: Fg, Fusarium graminearum; Fa, F. asiaticum; DON, deoxynivalenol; NIV, nivalenol. bCalculated as a mean of trichothecene levels±standard deviation. Fig. 2. Trichothecenes produced by head blight pathogens in barley and wheat cultivars and ferulic acid content. The cultivars with w and b indicate wheat and barley, respectively. The pathogen names appear in parentheses. DON, deoxynivalenol; NIV, nivalenol; Mean, mean of toxin levels; FA, ferulic acid. Research in Plant Disease Vol. 26 No. 4 255 종 80점의 페룰산 함량을 조사하였다. 페룰산 함량은 보리 20품종이 1.66‒2.77 mg/g, 밀 40품종이 0.56‒1.53 mg/g이었으며 벼20품종은 0.91‒2.13 mg/g이었다. 이 중 페룰산 함량이 다른 밀과보리 각 7품종을 선정하여 F. graminearum과 F. asiaticum 각 2균주의 붉은곰팡이병과 독소 생성량을 분석하였다. 밀 품종의 평균 병원성은 페룰산 함량이 높은 보리에 비해 유의하게 낮았고밀 품종 간에는 상관관계가 없었다. 곰팡이독소도 병원성과 같이 페룰산 함량이 낮은 밀이 보리보다 생성량이 낮았다. 그러나보리에서는 F. asiaticum 균주의 병원성과 독소 생성량이 페룰산 함량과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이 결과는 페룰산 함량이 밀과 보리에서 F. graminearum과 F. asiaticum에 의한 붉은곰팡이병과 독소 생성에 저항성 요인이 아님을 보여준다. In order to find if a ferulic acid (FA) can be used as a selection index in cereal breeding for resistance to head blight and mycotoxin production, we analyzed FA in the grains of 80 cultivars of barley, rice, and wheat. FA content ranged 1.66-2.77 mg/g in barley (n=20), 0.56-1.53 mg/g in wheat (n=40), and 0.91-2.13 mg/g in rice (n=20). Among these, 7 cultivars each of barley and wheat with different FA content were tested for head blight and mycotoxin production by 2 Fusarium graminearum and 2 F. asiaticum strains. Mean pathogenicity of the wheat cultivars was significantly less than that of barley with higher FA and among wheat cultivars, there was no correlation between FA content and pathogenicity. Mycotoxin production was also lower in the wheat than in the barley as pathogenicity. However, pathogenicity and toxins produced by F. asiaticum were negatively correlated with FA content in barley. These results indicate that FA is not a resistance factor to head blight by F. asiaticum and F. graminearum or its mycotoxin production in barley and wheat.

Capsaicin protects spermatogenic cell death caused by scrotal hyperthermia through its antioxidative and anti-apoptotic activities

Seul Gi Park,Jung Min Yon,Chun mei Lin,Lee Wha Gwon,Jong Geol Lee,In Jeoung Baek,Beom Jun Lee,Young Won Yun,Sang Yoon Nam 대한수의학회 2016 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.-

Redescription of Two Marine Ciliates (Ciliophora: Urostylida: Pseudokeronopsidae), Pseudokeronopsis carnea and Uroleptopsis citrina, from Korea

Baek, Ye-Seul,Jung, Jae-Ho,Min, Gi-Sik The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology 2011 Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology Special Issue Vol.27 No.3

The morphology of the two marine urostyloid ciliates, Pseudokeronopsis carnea (Cohn, 1866) and Uroleptopsis citrina Kahl, 1932, in the family Pseudokeronopsidae, collected from the Yellow Sea, and the East Sea, Korea, respectively, were studied using live observation and protargol impregnation. Additionally, the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene was sequenced. These two species are firstly recorded in Korea. The main diagnostic key is as follows. Pseudokeronopsis carnea: body outline elongate-elliptical, brown-reddish or orange-red in colour in vivo; bicorona of 16-24 frontal cirri; one buccal and two frontoterminal cirri; 7-10 transverse cirri; 5-7 dorsal kineties; two types of cortical granules (one orange-red pigment, mainly grouped around cirri and dorsal bristles, arranged in typical rubra-pattern; the other, colourless and blood-cell-shaped, and densely distributed); contractile vacuole in the posterior half of the cell on the left side, usually in posterior 1/3-2/5. Uroleptopsis citrina: body outline elongate-elliptical, lemon-yellow in colour in vivo; two types of cortical granules (one yellow pigment; the other, blood-cell-shaped, densely distributed); bicorona of 12-18 frontal cirri; 2-3 frontoterminal cirri; two midventral rows comprising 26-35 cirri (consisting of anterior paired cirri, non-paired single cirri, and posterior paired cirri); three dorsal kineties. In addition, the SSU rRNA sequences of the two species were compared with public database of these species and consequently, showed high similarity.

Beneficial effects of capsaicin against heat stress-induced spermatogenic cell death in mice

Seul Gi Park,Jung-Min Yon,Chunmei Lin,Lee Wha Gwon,Jong-Geol Lee,In-Jeoung Baek,Beom Jun Lee,Young Won Yun,Sang-Yoon Nam 한국실험동물학회 2016 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.08

Growth Pattern of the Neo-Aorta after Arterial Switch Operation during Childhood

Seul Gi Cha,Jae Suk Baek,Jeong Jin Yu,Young-Hwue Kim,Bo Sang Kwon,Eun Seok Choi,Chun Soo Park,Tae-Jin Yun 대한심장학회 2021 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.51 No.1

Background and Objectives: Neo-aortic root dilatation (ARD) and annular dilatation (AAD) tend to develop after arterial switch operation (ASO). However, the trend of neo-aortic growth has not been well established. This paper aims to identify this trend, its associated factors, and predictors of neo-aortic dilatation after ASO. Methods: We analyzed the growth trend of the neo-aortic root, annulus, and sinotubular junction (STJ) z-scores using random coefficients model and the risk factors affecting neo-aortic dilatation in 163 patients who underwent ASO from 2006 to 2015. Results: Among 163 patients, 41 had a ventricular septal defect, and 11 had Taussig-Bing (TB) anomaly. The median follow-up duration was 6.61 years. The increased in the neo-aortic root z-score was different between the trapdoor and non-trapdoor coronary artery transfer techniques (0.149/year, p<0.001 vs. 0.311/year, p<0.001). Moreover, the neo-aortic annulus and STJ z-score significantly increased over time after ASO (0.067/year, p<0.001; 0.309/year, p<0.001). Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) was rather a negative affecting factor. The probabilities of freedom from ARD, AAD, and neo-aortic STJ dilatation at 10 years after ASO were 33.4%, 53.9%, and 65.4%. Neo- aortic regurgitation within 1 year was the predictor of ARD, AAD, and neo-aortic STJ dilatation. TB anomaly, PAB, and native pulmonary sinus z-score were other predictors for ARD. Conclusion: The growth of neo-aortic root, annulus, and STJ after ASO was greater than somatic growth during childhood. The coronary artery transfer technique affected the growth pattern of the neo-aortic root.

도시 특성에 따른 도시형 모빌리티 비교연구

백경화(Baek, Kyoung Hwa),송슬기(Song, Seul Gi),하은아(Ha, Eun a) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2019 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.37 No.2

오늘날 세계 주요 도시들은 도시화로 인한 교통과 환경 문제 해결을 위해 도시의 특성과 통행을 고려한 신교통시스템인 MaaS(Mobility as a Service)를 도입하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 전 세계 주요 도시형 모빌리티 서비스를 분석하는데 도시의 특성과 연계시켜 각 도시의 특성에 따라 어떤 서비스가 제공되는지를 파악하는 것에 목적을 두었다. 연구의 방법은 MaaS에 대한 기본 개념과 도입배경을 정리하고, 도시의 특성과 도시형 모빌리티 서비스를 파악하기 위해 분석의 기본이 되는 8개의 키워드를 도출하였다. 이를 토대로 각 도시의 특성과 MaaS를 비교 분석하였고 연구 결과 및 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역적 특성으로는 (1)선정된 사례 도시들은 선진국이며, 풍부한 녹지공간을 가지고 있다. (2)무엇보다 교통의 효율성을 최우선시하지만, 환경문제에도 큰 관심이 있기 때문에 친환경 교통수단으로 유도하는 경향이 있다. (3)대부분 수변 도시로 대중교통으로 페리를 포함시키고 있으며, 바다라는 물리적인 제한이 있어 교통량을 분산을 위해 MaaS를 도입했다. (4)대략 50만-60만 정도 인구를 가진 중소규모의 도시에서 운영되고 있다. 둘째, 도시 성격에 따른 특성은 (1)공공의 성격을 가진 도시들로 대중교통 시스템은 정부에서 관리하고 있으며, 운영 중체는 민간에서 하고 있다. (2)대부분 유럽 국가소속으로, EU 체제에 협력되어 운영되고 있기 때문에 교통수단 활용의 제약이 적다. (3)새로운 인프라 확충이 아닌, 기존 교통수단 중심으로 연계하여 서비스를 제공하고 있다. (4)주거 지역에는 MaaS 위주로 서비스가 이루어지며, 주거와 상업지역이 어우러져 있는 곳은 MaaS와 공유형 기반 통근버스가 제공되는 경향이 있다. Today’s main cities of the world are adopting MasS (Mobility-as-a-Service), the new transportation system considering urban characteristics and mobility with a view to giving solutions to problems of traffic and environment caused by urbanization. In this regards, this study aimed to figure out the types of services provided according to urban characteristics by relating with urban characteristics to analyze main urban mobility services around the globe. As for the research method, this study clarified the basic concept of MaaS and its introduction background. Then, 8 key words were drawn as standards of analysis to inquire into urban characteristics and urban mobility services. Based on the data, a comparative analysis of characteristics of each city and MaaS was carried out, and the research results can be summarized as follows: Firstly, regarding regional characteristics, 1)The selected case cities belong to advanced countries and they possess abundant green areas. 2)In particular, they put top priority on efficiency of transportation but they show great interest in environmental problems. Therefore, they tend to implement more environment -friendly means of transportation. 3)Most of the cities are waterfront cities including ferry as a means of public transportation. With physical limitations of the sea, they adopted MaaS to disperse volume of traffic. 4)It is operated in small medium-sized cities with about 500,000-600,000 population. Secondly, regarding features according to urban characteristics, 1)They are cities with a public character and the public transportation system is supervised by the government, while the administration is carried out by the private sector. 2)As most of the cities belong to the European countries, they are run in cooperation with the EU system. Therefore, there is little restriction in the use of the means of transportation. 3)Most of the cities provide services mainly in connection with the existing means of transportation and not by expansion of new infrastructure. 4)In general, the residential areas primarily depend on MaaS-focused services, while the areas combined between residential areas and commercial areas are simultaneously provided with MaaS and sharing-based commuter buses.

書體의 數理科學的 分析 : 行列을 利用한 알고리듬의 開發

백헌기(Baek, Hun-ki),정슬기(Jeong, Seul-gi),김동석(Kim, Dong-seok) 한국서예학회 2010 서예학연구 Vol.17 No.-

본 논문의 내용은 書體의 數理科學的 分析이다. 行列을 이용한 알고리듬을 開發하고, 개인 펜글씨체와 한글 붓글씨체의 書體認識에 적용하여 수학적 근거를 가지는 판정을 한다. 서체인식은 현대문명의 여러 신분확인 방법 중 그 중요성이 가장 클 뿐만 아니라, 여러 가지 다른 활용을 가지므로, 다양한 방법론이 개발되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 代數學의 한 분야인 線型代數學의 가장 중요한 연구방법인 行列을 이용하여 書體에 따라 다른 값을 대응하는 알고리듬을 개발한다. 알고리듬을 개발하기 위하여 먼저 컴퓨터에 私用되고 있는 다양한 폰트에 대하여, 글자의 크기, 스캔한 글씨의 해상도, 크기보다는 書體 자체에 따라 분류 가능한 行列의 不變量으로 행렬의 固有値 절댓값의 최댓값인 스팩트랄 반경(spectral radius)을 찾고, 이를 효율적으로 다루는 알고리듬을 찾는다. 개발된 수학적 알고리듬의 응용으로 개인 펜글씨체와 한글 붓글씨체로 昌德宮‘樂善齋’에 수집되어 왕실에서 널리 읽혔던 소설 ‘洛城飛龍’과 궁체가 가장 발달하 였던 1800년을 전후한 英?正祖時代에 필사된 작품으로, 우아하면서도 정중하고 깊은 의지가 담겨 있는 正字와 뛰어난 視覺美를 갖추고 있는 흘림으로 쓰여진 한글 長篇小說 ‘옥원듕회연’을 다루어 효과적으로 書體를 인식함을 발견한다. 본 연구의 목적 중 하나인 漢字로 쓰여진 書體의 분류는 개발된 알고리듬이 흘림체에 대하여 여러 가지 문제점을 나타내고 있어서 효과적으로 수행치 못한다. 단순한 스캔에 의한 데이터로의 수리과학적 분석만으로는 불가능하지만, 서예학자의 공동연구로 방법론이 쇄신된다면 이 문제점을 극복하리라 기대한다. The main theme of the article is scientific and mathematical analysis of calligraphy. We develop an algorithm using matrix theory and we find the decision based on mathematical reason by applying the algorithm for personal hand writing and Hangul traditional brush calligraphy. The calligraphic recognition not only is one of the most important method for modern personal identification but also has many different useful application so there are many ongoing research for methodology for the calligraphic recognition. We mainly use matrix which is the most valuable tool in linear algebra to find an algorithm to produce a numerical invariant depend on calligraphy itself. To develop such an algorithm, we examine the spectral radius of the permanent matrix induced by the scanned image of letters depend on the size, the font, resolution. After obtaining algorithm, we find applications for personal hand writing and letters from a popular novel "NackSeongBiRyong" and "OkWonDyungHoiYeon" in Chosun dynasty. We find that our algorithm successfully recognize the difference of letters of different person and find the consistency of letters written by one person. The original purpose of this research was to find an algorithm that really recognize the chinese characters. But our algorithm does not work some of chinese characters especially cursive writing. To overcome this problem, we are looking after several possible methodologies based on differential geometry, dynamics and statistics. However, we expect the real answer can not be found without a help of calligraphy scholar.

실감미디어 기반의 사용자경험 특징과 의미에 관한 융합연구

백경화(Baek, Kyoung Hwa),송슬기(Song, Seul Gi),송정아(Song, Jeong A) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2020 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.38 No.2

오늘날 고도화된 정보통신의 발전과 스마트 미디어산업의 성장으로 실감미디어(Immersive Media)는 사용자에게 현실과 가장 근접한 가상의 환경을 제공하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 실감미디어 환경에서 다차원적으로 변화하고 있는 사용자경험을 살펴보기 위해 시작되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 먼저 급격히 변화하고 있는 실감미디어 생태계를 이해하고, 그 속에서 다양한 감각의 형태로 경험을 전달하고 있는 실감미디어 기반의 사용자경험 특징과 의미를 파악하는 것에 목적을 두고 있다. 따라서 본 논문의 연구 방법은 실감미디어의 생태계와 기술적인 부분을 다학제적으로 이해하고, 사용자경험의 개념과 요소를 살펴본다. 이를 바탕으로 경험의 특징과 의미를 파악하기 위한 분석의 툴로 8개의 키워드를 유형화하였다. 이를 토대로 각 사례에서 나타나는 사용자경험의 과정과 가치, 변화 및 속성을 파악하여 분석을 시도하였다. 연구 결과 및 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 물리적·심리적 한계로부터의 극복이다. 때때로 오프라인 또는 온라인 환경에서 사용자경험에 단절이 생긴다. 이때 실감미디어와의 기술적 결합으로 시각적 자극과 감각적 체험을 융복합한 가상의 공간에서 경험의 한계를 극복할 수 있다. 둘째, 경험이 몰입도 높은 체험으로 진화하고 있다. 스마트 기기를 사용해 사용자는 직접몸을 움직이며, 신체 일부분을 사용해 자신이 원하는 것을 선택해 체험할 수 있다. 셋째, 개인화된 서비스이다. 사용자는 개인화된 가상의 공간에서 자신의 취향과 라이프스타일이 반영된 제품을 선택하고, 원하는 시간과 장소에서 서비스를 경험할 수 있으며, 미디어와의 상호작용으로 개인 맞춤형 디지털 콘텐츠를 받을 수 있다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 앞으로 더욱 활성화될 실감미디어 기반의 사용자경험이 물리적 한계를 넘어서 사용자의 다양한 니즈가 반영된 경험을 설계하는 데 있어 중요한 시사점이 되길 바란다. Immersive media has been providing its users with the virtual environment which is closest to the reality along with the development of advanced information and communications and the growth of smart media industry. Thus, this study looked into the user experience changing multidimensionally in the environment of immersive media. The purpose of this study is to understand the rapidly-changing ecosystem of immersive media and figure out the characteristics and the meaning of user experience based on immersive media that delivers experiences in the form of various senses. Therefore, it figured out the ecosystem and technical parts of immersive media and the concept and elements of user experience, and based on this, it drew eight key words to understand the characteristics and the meaning of user experience using an analysis tool. On the basis of this, the process, value, changes and attributes of user experience that appeared in each case were identified and the analysis was carried out. The result of this study is as follows. First, it is the overcoming of physical⋅psychological limitations. User experience is sometimes severed online and offline. At this point, the limitations of experience can be overcome with a technical combination with immersive media in virtual space where visual stimulation and sensory experience are fused. Second, experiences are evolving into the capturing ones. The users move their body, select what they want and can experience it using smart devices. Third, it is an individualized service. In individualized virtual space, the users can select the product that reflects their preference and lifestyle, experience the service at any time and any site they want and be provided with personalized digital contents through the interaction with media. On the basis of this study, the user experience based on immersive media hopefully will overcome physical limitations and become an important implication with regard to designing experiences where users’ various needs are reflected.

축제 평가 속성과 축제 만족도에 관한 연구

백운일(Baek, Woon-Il),박슬기(Park, Seul-Gi),심성우(Shim, Sung-Woo) 한국외식산업학회 2015 한국외식산업학회지 Vol.11 No.2