Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과

김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.

알쯔하이머형 치매 환자에서 우울증의 유무에 따른 인지기능과 일상생활 수행능력의 차이

김승민,최태규,안석균,손석한,유계준,오병훈,오희철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자에게 있어서 중요한 행동증상중의 한가지인 우울증의 다양한 범위로 보고되고 있으며 우울증과 인지능력 및 기능적 능력과의 관계에 대한 연구가 매우 중요하게 부각되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회에 거주하는 경도 및 중등도의 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자를 대상으로 우울증이 일상생활 수행능력과 인지기능의 특정 영역과 연관이 있는지의 여부를 알아보기 위함이다. 방 법 : 본 연구대상은 경기도 광주군에 거주하는 65세 이상의 알쯔하이머형 치매 노인 48명이며, 한국판 Mini-Mental State Examination(이하 MMSE-K), 한국어판 신경행동학적 인지상태 검사(이하 한국어판 NCSE), 한국형 노인우울검사(이하 KGDS), 기본적인 일상생활 수행정도(이하 ADL), 그리고 도구적인 일상생활 수행정도(이하 IADL)를 연구도구로 하여 이들로부터 자료를 수집 조사하였다. 연구대상은 KGDS에 의해 우울 치매군과 비우울치매군으로 분류하였으며 두 군간의 상기 척도에 의해서 얻어진 결과를 χ²test 및 independent t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 우울 치매군과 비우울 치매군은 성별, 연령, 교육수준 및 MMSE-K 점수의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 우울 치매군은 비우울 치매군보다 ADL의 한 항목인 목욕하기에서 유의한 저하를 보였다. 우울 치매군은 비우울 치매군보다 IADL의 총점 및 식품점에 가서 장보기, 집안일(청소나 정리정돈), 금전 관리의 3개 항목에서 유의한 저하를 보였다. 그러나 우울 치매군은 비우울 치매군은 한국어판 NCSE를 이용한 인지기능의 영역별 비교에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자에서의 우울증은 기본적인 일상생활 기능의 일부와 도구적인 일상생활 기능의 저하와 상당한 관련 있고, 이러한 우울증에 동반된 일상생활 기능의 저하는 인지기능의 영향에 기인하지 않는 것임을 시사된다. Objectives : Coexistence of depression is one of the important behavioral symptoms in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. The study on the relationship between depression and cognitive abilities and /or functional abilities emerges as very important one. The aim of this study was to investigate whether depression is related to the impairment of daily activities and to certain areas of cognitive function in mild to moderate dementia of Alzheimer type. Methods : In this study, 48 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type among elderly community-residents in Kwangju, Kyunggi province, age 65 and older, were finally included. We examined their demographics and administered Korean Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K). Korean Version of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Korean version of NCSE), Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale(KGDS), Activities of Daily Living(ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL) to the subjects. We classified the subjects into two groups, dementia with and without depression on the basis of KGDS scores. The two groups were compared using χ²test and independent t-test. Results : The results show that the two groups did not differ in sex, age, education, and scores of MMSE-K. The depressed dementia group showed significantly poorer performance in bathing, one item of ADL, than the non-depressed dementia group. The depressed dementia group showed significantly more impairment in total scores of IADL and each score of three item(shopping, housework, handling finances) than the non-depressed dementia group. However, the two groups showed no significant difference in five major cognitive ability areas of Korean version of NCSE. Conclusion : These results suggest that depression in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type is highly related to the functional impairments, instrumental activities of daily living and part of activities of daily living, beyond the effects of cognitive impairments.

사람의 성산자극 호르몬 α-Subunit 유전자와 결합하는 Trans-Acting Factor의 확인 및 분석

송석민,백상기,김균언 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

The 5' flanking region of the α-subunit gene of human chorionic gonadotropin was tested for the binding with the nuclear extracts of the JAR choriocarcinoma cells. Gel mobility shift assay has demonstrated that two BstNI restriction fragments, 150 bp and 340 bp respectively, have binding activities with the nuclear extracts. The 150 bp fragment was chosen to examine in detail, since several transcription factor binding sites have already been reported within the 340 bp fragment. Band competition assay showed that the binding of 150 bp fragment is highly sequence-specific. The binding activity was further narrowed down to a 55 bp fragment, which was generated by Nsi1 digestion of the 150 bp fragment. DNasel footprinting assay revealed the binding sites on the nucleotide levels from -511 to -499. The binding sites were again confirmed by a oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the 150 bp fragment followed by a gel mobility shift assay. Functional aspect of this binding was evaluated with the DNA-mediated gene transfer techniques. However, in several appoaches tried so far, no effect on the transcription efficiency was observed, implicating a structural role of the binding. In this line, it is worth to note that the binding activity of the 150 bp fragment was observed in every cell or tissue nuclear extracts tested so far.

A Stabilizing Model Predictive Controller for Voltage Regulation of a DC/DC Boost Converter

Kim, Seok-Kyoon,Park, Chang Reung,Kim, Jung-Su,Lee, Young I. IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on control systems technology Vol.22 No.5

<P>This brief proposes a cascade voltage control strategy for the dc/dc converter utilizing a model predictive control (MPC) in the inner loop. The proposed MPC minimizes a cost function at each time step in the receding horizon manner and the corresponding optimal solution is obtained from a predefined function not relying on a numeric algorithm. It is shown that the MPC makes the capacitor voltage and the inductor current globally convergent in the presence of input constraints. State constraints also can be taken into account in the proposed MPC. Following the conventional cascade voltage control scheme, a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is adopted in the outer loop. The experimental results show that the closed-loop performance is superior to the classical cascade PI control scheme.</P>

The TGF-β1 dynamics during radiation therapy and its correlation to symptomatic radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients

Kim, Ji-Yoon,Kim, Yeon-Sil,Kim, Young-Kyoon,Park, Hyun-Jin,Kim, Seung-Joon,Kang, Jin-Hyoung,Wang, Young-Pil,Jang, Hong-Seok,Lee, Sang-Nam,Yoon, Sei-Chul BioMed Central 2009 Radiation oncology Vol.4 No.-

<P><B>Backgroud</B></P><P>The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of radiation pneumonitis (RP) are very complex. Several biological factors need to be considered together with the well known dosimetric parameters for understanding the molecular events in developing RP in lung cancer patients. The aim of this study was to correlate the variations of the cytokine levels in lung cancer patients during radiation therapy (RT) with the occurrence of symptomatic RP.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Thirty-four lung cancer patients who received three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy were evaluated prospectively. Serial blood samples before, at the beginning, in the middle of, at the end of RT and 2 and 4 weeks after RT were analyzed for IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β1 by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The predictive values of dosimetric factors for RP were evaluated, too.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Overall, 8 patients (23.5%) had grade ≥ 2 RP. By serial measurement of cytokines level, only the TGF-β1 level showed a correlation to the symptomatic RP. None of the other cytokines, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α level was correlated with the risk of RP. The mean pretreatment TGF-β1 level did not differ between RP and non-RP groups. However, during the period of radiation treatment, the TGF-β1 level began to increase at the end of RT in the RP group and became significantly higher 4 weeks after RT (<I>p </I>= 0.007). Using an ANOVA model for repeated-measures, we found significant associations between the changes of TGF-β1 during the time course of the RT and the risk of developing RP (<I>p </I>< 0.001). Most of the dosimetric factors showed a significant association with RP.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Our results show that the changes of TGF-β1 could be correlated with RP and the incorporation of the biological parameters into the dosimetric data could be useful for predicting symptomatic RP.</P>

A Simple Model Predictive Controller of a Three-Phase PWM AC/DC Converter

Seok-Kyoon Kim,Jung-Su Kim,Young Il Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

This paper proposes a simple model predictive inner-loop current controller for regulating the output voltage of a three-phase voltage-source AC/DC converter under the two-loop strategy. The solution of the MPC can be given analytically by minimizing an energy function of the tracking error, and its global stability is guaranteed in the presence of the input constraint. For the outer-loop, a PI controller is utilized to regulate the output voltage without offset error. The simulation results show that the current and the output voltage regulation are achieved in a satisfactory manner despite the load and the parameter changes.

Singularity-Free Adaptive Speed Tracking Control for Uncertain Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Seok-Kyoon Kim,Kyoung-Gu Lee,Kyo-Beum Lee IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol.31 No.2

<P>This paper presents an adaptive speed tracking control scheme for an uncertain surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) without any knowledge of the SPMSM parameters and the singularity problem; further, even the upper and lower bounds of the parameters are not necessary. The contribution of this study is twofold. The first one is to introduce a coordinate transformation so that the resulting controller does not suffer from a singularity problem caused by the denominator including the parameter estimates. Besides, although the number of the unknown parameters is increased by two times, the number of estimators is the same as the previous result. The second one is to prove that the slightly modified parameter adaptation law contributes in enhancing the closed-loop robustness against the disturbance caused by the time-varying component of the load torque. The effectiveness of the closed-loop performance is shown by performing the experiment using the 3-kW SPMSM without any SPMSM parameter knowledge.</P>

Innovative Model-Based PID Control Design for Bus Voltage Regulation with STATCOM in Multi-Machine Power Systems

Seok-Kyoon Kim(김석균),Young Il Lee(이영일),Hwachang Song(송화창),Jung-Su Kim(김정수) 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.4

The complexity and severe nonlinearity of multi-machine power systems make it difficult to design a control input for voltage regulation using modern control theory. This paper presents a model-based PID control scheme for the regulation of the bus voltage to a desired value. To this end, a fourth-order linear system is constructed using input and output data obtained using the TSAT (Transient Security Assessment Tool); the input is assumed to be applied to the grid through the STATCOM (STATic synchronous COMpensator) and the output from the grid is a bus voltage. On the basis of the model, it is identified as to which open-loop poles of the system make the response to a step input oscillatory. To reduce this oscillatory response effectively, a model-based PID control is designed in such a way that the oscillatory poles are no longer problematic in the closed loop. Simulation results show that the proposed PID control dampens the response effectively.

A New Stilbene Glucoside Gallate from the Roots of Polygonum multiflorum

Kim, Hyun-Ki,Choi, Yeon-Hee,Choi, Jae-Seok,Choi, Sang-Un,Kim, Young-Sup,Lee, Kang-Ro,Kim, Young-Kyoon,Ryu, Shi-Yong 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.10

A new stilbenoid (1) was isolated from the root extract of Polygonum multiflorum together with eight known constituents ($2{\sim}9$). The chemical structure of 1 was established as the 6"-O-monogalloyl ester of (E)-2,3,4',5-$\beta$-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside based on physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses, particularly by NMR spectroscopic data, i.e., COSY, HMQC and HMBC. Compound 1 weakly inhibited acetylcholinesterase in vitro.

Model Predictive Control for the Power Control of Three-Phase AC/DC Converters using a Disturbance Observer

Seok-Kyoon Kim,Young Il Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

This paper describes an offset-free model predictive control (MPC) algorithm using a disturbance observer (DOB) to control the active/reactive powers of a three-phase AC/DC converter. The DOB is designed to estimate the unknown disturbances of the AC/DC converter following the standard Luenberger observer design procedure. The proposed MPC minimizes a one-step-ahead cost index penalizing the predicted tracking error by performing a simple membership test without any use of numerical methods. A systematic way for choosing the weights of the cost index, which guarantees the global stability of the closed-loop system, is proposed. Use of the DOB eliminates the offset tracking errors in the real implementation.