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Esophageal Reflux Hypersensitivity: A Comprehensive Review
Sawada Akinari,Sifrim Daniel,Fujiwara Yasuhiro 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.6
Reflux hypersensitivity (RH) is one of the phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The latest Rome IV defines RH as a condition with typical reflux symptoms and positive reflux-symptom association despite normal acid exposure. Subsequently, the Lyon consensus proposed detailed cutoff values for the criteria on the basis of experts’ consensus. Rome IV brought a clear-cut perspective into the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease and the importance of esophageal hypersensitivity. This perspective can be supported by the fact that other functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia often overlap with RH. Although several possible pathophysiological mechanisms of esophageal hypersensitivity have been identified, there is still unmet medical needs in terms of treatment for this condition. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding RH.
Seasonal Change of Plasma Free Amino Acids with Special Reference to 3-Methylhistidine in Racehorses
Sawada, Kumiko,Li, Jun You,Kuribayashi, Yasuko,Itabashi, Hisao Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.12
Seasonal changes in the concentration of free amino acids were determined monthly in plasma from the jugular blood of 50 thoroughbred racehorses that compete during the night between June and September and during the day between October and January. The concentration of most free amino acids remained relatively constant between June and January. However, those of glutamic acid, alanine, isoleucine and lysine tended to decrease and that of arginine (Arg) significantly decreased between July and September. The concentration of methionine (Met) gradually increased between June and September and significantly decreased thereafter. The concentration of 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) significantly increased between July and September and decreased thereafter. There were significant correlation between 3-MH and Arg. In conclusion, this study provided evidence of significant seasonal change in plasma 3-MH, Arg and Met of racehorses, and this was considered to relate to an environmental effect. Moreover, our study is the first to show 3-MH in plasma of racehorses affected by environmental change.
SAWADA-SATOH, S.,AKIYAMA, K.,NIINUMA, K.,NAGAI, H.,KINO, M.,D'AMMANDO, F.,KOYAMA, S.,HADA, K.,ORIENTI, M.,HONMA, M.,SHIBATA, K.M. The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
We present a kinematic study of the parsec-scale radio jet in OJ 287, one of the most studied BL Lac objects, during ${\gamma}$-ray flares, to explore the relation between parsec-scale radio jet activity and ${\gamma}$-ray emission. The 22-GHz light curve of OJ 287 show three obvious flare events around 2011 May, 2011 October, and 2012 March. The second radio flare occurred during the ${\gamma}$-ray flaring period, and the third radio flare seemed to precede the ${\gamma}$-ray flare by one month. One jet component moved outward with respect to the core component with an apparent superluminal speed (~ 11c) from 2010 November to 2011 November. Then it changed direction, moving apparently inward in 2011 November, when the ${\gamma}$-ray flare occurred. The observed apparent inward motion of the jet at 22 GHz could be caused by a new jet component, unresolved at 22 GHz, in the innermost region.
Sawada, Hiroko,Kim, Dea-Wook,Kobayashi, Katsuichiro,Shim, Ie-Sung The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.1
The effect of inabenfide was investigated in rice seedlings subjected to salt stress in relation to changes in chlorophyll fluorescence(${\Delta}F/Fm'$), lipid peroxidation, salicylic acid(SA) content, and catalase(CAT) activity. A reduction in shoot growth of rice seedlings by 120 mM NaCl treatment was significantly alleviated by pretreatment with 30 ${\mu}M$ inabenfide. Sodium ion content was not affected by pretreatment with inabenfide, suggesting that alleviation was not due to a reduction in sodium ion uptake by the rice seedlings. At three days after NaCl treatment, the rice seedlings pretreated with inabenfide showed a higher ${\Delta}F/Fm'$(30%) and lower lipid peroxidation(28%) compared with the rice seedlings treated with NaCl alone. After NaCl treatment, CAT activity in the third leaf of rice seedlings decreased significantly but alleviated by pretreatment with inabenfide. Furthermore, pretreatment with inabenfide also reduced the level of SA which accumulated drastically in the third leaf of rice seedlings within a day after exposure to salt stress. These results suggest that inabenfide prevents SA accumulation in rice seedlings under salt stress which eventually induces the alleviation of salt stress damage.
POSITIONAL COINCIDENCE BETWEEN WATER MASERS AND A PLASMA TORUS IN NGC 1052
SAWADA-SATOH SATOKO,KAMENO SEIJI,SHIBATA KATSUNORI M.,INOUE MAKOTO The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
We present results of the VLBA observation toward the radio continuum and water maser emissions in a nearby LINER galaxy NGC 1052. The jet structure observed in 2000 is similar to that in 1998, and the two jet structures in 1998 and 2000 support the sub-luminal motion with apparent velocity of 0.26c. Distribution of water maser spots are located ${\~}$0.05 pc shifted to southwest from the component which is supported to be the nucleus, and no rapid positional change of the water maser gas with respect to the central engine is seen from 1995 to 2000. The maser gas is positionally coincident with a plasma torus, and the position of the maser gas relative to the nucleus is stable from 1995 to 2000. The maser gas in NGC 1052 could be explained to be associated with the nuclear circumnuclear torus or disk like the situation found in the nucleus of NGC 4258.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Zinc Ferrite, ZnFe2O4
Sawada Yutaka,Iizumi Kiyokata,Kuramochi Tomokazu,Wang Mei-Han,Sun Li-Xian,Okada Shigeru,Kudou Kunio,Shishido Toetsu,Matsushita Jun-Ichi 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
Mechanochemical synthesis of zinc ferrite, ZnFe2O4, was attempted from a powder mixture of iron (III) oxide, alpha-Fe2O3 and zinc (II) oxide, ZnO. Nanocrystalline zinc ferrite, ZnFe2O4 powders were successfully synthesized only bymilling for 30 hours. Evidence of the ZnFe2O4 formation was absent for the powders milled for 10 and 20 hours; the milling lowered the crystallinity of the starting materials. Heating after milling enhanced the formation of ZnFe2O4, crystal growth of ZnFe2O4 and the unreacted starting materials. The unreacted starting materials decreased their amounts by heating at higher temperatures.