Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review

Satpute, Pranali Shirish,Hazarey, Vinay,Ahmed, Riyaz,Yadav, Lalita Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Research indicates that a small population of cancer cells is highly tumorigenic, endowed with the capacity for self-renewal, and has the ability to differentiate into cells that constitute the bulk of tumors. These cells are considered the "drivers" of the tumorigenic process in some tumor types, and have been named cancer stem cells (CSC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) appears to be involved in the process leading to the acquisition of stemness by epithelial tumor cells. Through this process, cells acquire an invasive phenotype that may contribute to tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSC have been identified in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) using markers such as CD133 and CD44 expression, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Head and neck cancer stem cells reside primarily in perivascular niches in the invasive fronts where endothelial-cell initiated events contribute to their survival and function. Clinically, CSC enrichment has been shown to be enhanced in recurrent disease, treatment failure and metastasis. CSC represent a novel target of study given their slow growth and innate mechanisms conferring treatment resistance. Further understanding of their unique phenotype may reveal potential molecular targets to improve therapeutic and survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-knowledge on the pathobiology of cancer stem cells, with a focus on the impact of these cells on head and neck tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence due to treatment failure.

Brief bioinformatics identification of cotton bZIP transcription factors family from Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii

Khanale Vaishali,Bhattacharya Anjanabha,Satpute Rajendra,Char Bharat 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.4

Key message Transcription factors (TFs) are the key regulators in plant development and stress adaptation. Under- standing interactions of TFs in cotton crop is important for enhancing stress tolerance and yield enhancement. Among plant TFs, bZIPs plays a major role in seed germination, flower development, biotic and abiotic stress response. Most of the bZIP proteins from cotton remains uncharacterized and can be utilized for crop improvement. Bioinformatics analysis of bZIPs of cultivated cotton species G. hirsutum along with two sub-genome species G. arboreum and G. raimondii at one platform will certainly help the researchers in the selection of specific cotton bZIP genes according to the close alignment with Arabidopsis orthologs or sub-genome homolog for functional characterization. Abstract Cotton is an important commodity in the world economy. Transcription factors (TFs) are the key regulators in plant development and stress adaptation. Understanding interactions of TFs in cotton crop is important for enhancing stress tolerance and yield enhancement. Among plant TFs, bZIPs plays a major role in seed germination, flower development, biotic and abiotic stress response. Most of the bZIP proteins from cotton remains uncharacterized and can be utilized for crop improvement. In this study, we have carried out genome-wide identification and bioinformatics characterization of basic leu- cine zipper domain proteins (bZIPs) from cultivated cotton species Gossypium hirsutum along with two sub-genome species of allotetraploid cotton, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii. A total of 228 bZIP genes of G. hirsutum, 91 bZIP genes of G. arboreum and 86 bZIP genes of G. raimondii were identified from CottonGen database. Cotton bZIP genes were annotated in standard pattern according to their match with Arabidopsis bZIPs. Multiple genes with similar bZIP designa- tions were observed in cotton, linked to the gene duplication. Cotton bZIPs are distributed across all 13 chromosomes with varied density. Phylogenetic characterization of all three cotton species bZIPs classified them into 12 subfamilies, namely A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and S and further into eight subgroups according to their predicted functional similarities, viz., A1, A2, A3, C1, C2, S1, S2 and S3. Subfamilies A and S are having maximum number of bZIP genes, subfamilies B, H, J and K are single-member families. Cotton bZIP protein functions were predicted from identified motifs and orthologs from varied species. Basic region leucine zipper (BRLZ) domain analysis of G. raimondii bZIPs revealed the presence of conserved basic region motif N-X7-R/K in almost all subfamily members, variants are GrbZIP62 with N-X7-I motif and GrbZIP76 with K-X7-R motif. Leucine heptad repeats motif, are also present in variant numbers from two to nine with leucine or other hydrophobic amino acid at designated position among 12 subfamily members. STRING protein interaction network analysis of G. raimondii bZIPs observed strong interaction between A and D, B and K, and C and S subfamily members.

A Comprehensive Review on Potential Application of Nanomaterials in the Field of Agricultural Engineering

Chowdhury Manojit,Kushwah Ajay,Satpute Ajay N.,Singh Sanjay Kumar,Patil Amit Kumar 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.4

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the utilization of nanomaterials in the agricultural engineering sector and to understand their potential to contribute to sustainable growth in agriculture. Methods This comprehensive review paper synthesizes existing research and examines the integration of nanomaterials in various aspects of agricultural engineering. It delves into how nanomaterials can enhance the efficiency and performance of agricultural machinery, prime movers, tire technology, lubrication systems, coolant formulations, irrigation methods, plant protection strategies, fertilizer application mechanisms, and food processing techniques. The study also considers potential health and safety risks associated with nanotechnology in agriculture. Results The results of this review paper highlight the extensive potential of nanomaterials in revolutionizing agricultural practices. Nanotechnology has the capacity to significantly improve agricultural processes, making them more efficient and sustainable. The integration of nanomaterials in various agricultural components and processes has shown promising outcomes. However, it also underscores the need for ongoing research to address potential health and safety risks. Conclusion Incorporation of nanomaterials in agriculture holds great promise for sustainable growth and efficiency. It offers innovative solutions to enhance various aspects of agricultural engineering. While nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize agriculture, it is crucial to proceed with caution and conduct continued research to mitigate potential health and safety risks. As agriculture seeks more efficient and sustainable practices, the integration of nanomaterials remains a frontier that necessitates ongoing exploration and vigilance in its implementation.

Design and analysis of energy-harvesting shock absorber with electromagnetic and fluid damping

Shankar Singh,Nitin Vijay Satpute 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.4

The design and numerical simulation of a linear generator for use in an automobile shock absorber are presented in this paper. Theconceived linear generator employs high-performance rare earth permanent magnets with compact size to ensure efficient energy recovery. Finite element analysis and Matlab simulation are utilized to derive the generator configurations for the satisfactory utilization ofmagnets and optimized functioning. Experimentation was performed on a linear generator prototype and electromagnetic shock absorberto validate the numerical analysis. The numerical model is then utilized in the design of a full-scale energy-harvesting shock absorberwith fluid damping and a linear generator. A novel feature of the presented work is the use of fluid amplification to simultaneouslyachieve energy dissipation and velocity amplification. Fluid amplification does not affect the dynamics of the system and increases thecoil velocity by approximately eight times. Smooth variation in damping force, improved fail-safe characteristics, and absence of transmissionelements, such as mechanical gears, are additional advantages of the system. Matlab Simscape evaluation is employed to analyzecomfort, safety, and energy-harvesting characteristics, which are then compared with that of the conventional fluid shock absorber. Simulationwith actual road excitation data indicates that the presented system harvests 15 W of the average power from each wheel. Lastly,the layout for integrating the presented shock absorber in McPherson suspension is discussed.

Cytotoxicity of cyanide in primary culture of rat hepatocytes and its interaction with alpha-ketoglutarate

Rahul Bhattacharya,Janardhanan Hariharakrishnan,Ravindra M. Satpute,Rajkumar Tulsawani 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2012 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.8 No.1

Cyanide is primarily a neurotoxin but its hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials are also known. The present study reports the effect of alpha-ketoglutarate A-KG (2.5-20 mM; 0 min), a potential cyanide antidote on potassium cyanide (KCN; 1.25-20 mM) induced cytotoxicity in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Cytotoxicity measured at various time points (0.5-24 h), was characterized by increased leakage of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, accompanied by diminished mitochondrial function (MTT assay), mitochondrial membrane potential (Rhodamine 123 assay), and ATP levels. However, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde assay) and DNA damage were not observed. In a separate study, levels of cyanide, AKG and thiocyanate were measured in the culture medium of hepatocytes, treated with KCN (5 mM) and/ or A-KG (5 or 10 mM; 0 min), and in the serum of rats given oral treatment of KCN (10 mg/kg) and/or A-KG(0.5, 1 or 2 g/kg; 0 min). Cyanide and A-KG interaction was best exhibited when both were added in equimolar dose in vitro. In rats, cyanide levels were significantly reduced by 1 and 2 g/kg A-KG. It can be concluded from the results that, (i) a very high dose of cyanide is required to produce cytotoxicity and other cellular perturbations in rat hepatocytes, (ii) cytotoxicity is independent of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, (iii) A-KG provides significant protection against cyanide, particularly at equimolar dose in vitro, and (iv) a very high dose of A-KG is required for cyanide detoxification in vivo, suggesting that the dose of A-KG could be reduced by improving its bioavailability.

Fault Resilient Decentralized Multi-sensorial Fusion Based Pose Estimation for Autonomous Navigation Around Asteroid

Moumita Mukherjee,Avijit Banerjee,Sumeet Gajanan Satpute,George Nikolakopoulos 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.6

A decentralized multi-sensor fusion-based resilient pose estimation architecture for autonomous navigation of satellites around an asteroid is presented in this article. Navigation around an asteroid is challenging due to dynamic illumination conditions, which restricts the vision-based localization and is partially ineffective for a longer duration of the operation. Moreover, drift in sensor measurement and temporal sensor failure is often encountered in long-duration sustainable space missions. This is more so around a debris-prone region, where momentary obstruction leads to inaccurate sensor measurement for a temporary period of operation. In order to establish a resilient localization mechanism for satellites around an asteroid, the proposed framework embeds a unique automatic fault detection and isolation approach in a decentralized fusion formalism. Furthermore, a unified framework can operate autonomously during temporary and long-range inoperative periods. In the first stage, innovative fault detection is proposed, which operates based on the residual of a judiciously designed filter assembly. Secondly, a novel fault-resilient isolation fusion called the fault-resilient optimal information filter fusion (FR-OIF) technique is presented, enabling self-resiliency by embedding an inbuilt fault isolation mechanism. The proposed resilient asteroid navigation approach is demonstrated with a simulation study considering a satellite equipped with multiple onboard sensors such as an inertial measurement unit, star tracker, camera and 3D Lidar in the proximity of the asteroid Ryugu. At the same time, its superiority is also demonstrated through a comparison with the centralized multi-sensorial fusion approach.

PRaCto: Pseudo Random bit generator for Cryptographic application

( Saiyma Fatima Raza ),( Vishal R Satpute ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.12

Pseudorandom numbers are useful in cryptographic operations for using as nonce, initial vector, secret key, etc. Security of the cryptosystem relies on the secret key parameters, so a good pseudorandom number is needed. In this paper, we have proposed a new approach for generation of pseudorandom number. This method uses the three dimensional combinational puzzle Rubik Cube for generation of random numbers. The number of possible combinations of the cube approximates to 43 quintillion. The large possible combination of the cube increases the complexity of brute force attack on the generator. The generator uses cryptographic hash function. Chaotic map is being employed for increasing random behavior. The pseudorandom sequence generated can be used for cryptographic applications. The generated sequences are tested for randomness using NIST Statistical Test Suite and other testing methods. The result of the tests and analysis proves that the generated sequences are random.

Matrix Metalloproteinases and Cancer - Roles in Threat and Therapy

Yadav, Lalita,Puri, Naveen,Rastogi, Varun,Satpute, Pranali,Ahmad, Riyaz,Kaur, Geetpriya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling endopeptidases having the ability to degrade almost all components of extracellular matrix and implicated in various physiological as well as pathological processes. Carcinogenesis is a multistage process in which alteration of the microenvironment is required for conversion of normal tissue to a tumour. Extracellular matrix remodelling proteinases such as MMPs are principal mediators of alterations observed in the microenvironment during carcinogenesis and according to recent concepts not only have roles in invasion or late stages of cancer but also in regulating initial steps of carcinogenesis in a favourable or unfavourable manner. Establishment of relationships between MMP overproduction and cancer progression has stimulated the development of inhibitors that block proteolytic activity of these enzymes. In this review we discuss the MMP general structure, classification, regulation roles in relation to hallmarks of cancer and as targets for therapeutic intervention.

B Cells Limit Repair after Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury

Jang, Hye Ryoun,Gandolfo, Maria Teresa,Ko, Gang Jee,Satpute, Shailesh R.,Racusen, Lorraine,Rabb, Hamid American Society of Nephrology 2010 Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Vol.21 No.4

In-flight particle behaviour and its effect on co-spraying of alumina?titania

G. Shanmugavelayutham,V. Selvarajan,T.K. Thiyagarajan,P.V.A. Padmanabhan,K.P. Sreekumar,R.U. Satpute Y. Zhai 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.1

The present paper investigate and illustrate the importance of plasmaparticle interaction in controlling the plasma spray processwhile spraying aluminatitania powder blend. Plasma sprayed coatings of aluminatitania (6040l m) have been prepared at dier-chemical composition of aluminatitania coatings, prepared at low input power, is signicantly dierent from that of the feed stockpowder. Coating composition progressively approaches that of the feedstock powder at higher power inputs. Experimental resultsare explained in terms of the in-ight behaviour of alumina and titania particles in the plasma jet using a one-dimensional model topredict the thermal state of the particles. In particular, the eect of particle size and input power are considered in this study.