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Adolescent Scoliosis Screening in Nara City Schools: A 23-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Satoshi Yamamoto,Hideki Shigematsu,Fumihiko Kadono,Yukihiro Tanaka,Masataka Tatematsu,Akinori Okuda,Eiichiro Iwata,Munehisa Koizumi,Yasuhito Tanaka 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.3
Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis, define the distribution of the curve magnitude, evaluate the accuracy of Moiré topography as a screening tool, and investigate the cost-effectiveness of our screening system. Overview of Literature: Early detection of idiopathic scoliosis provides the opportunity for conservative treatment before the deformity is noticeable. We believe that scoliosis screening in schools is useful for detection; however, screening programs are controversial owing to over referral of students who do not require further testing or follow-up. In Japan, school scoliosis screening programs are mandated by law with individual policies determined by local educational committees. We selected Moiré topography as the scoliosis screening tool for schools in Nara City. Methods: We selected Moiré topography as the scoliosis screening tool for schools in Nara City. We screened boys and girls aged 11–14 years and reviewed the school scoliosis screening results from 1990 to 2012. Results: A total of 195,149 children aged 11–14 years were screened. The prevalence of scoliosis (defined as ≥10° curvature) was 0.057%, 0.010%, and 0.059% in fifth, sixth, and seventh grade boys and 0.337%, 0.369%, and 0.727% in fifth, sixth, and seventh grade girls, respectively. The false-positive rate of our Moiré topography was 66.7%. The minimum cost incurred for scoliosis detection in one student was 2,000 USD. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of scoliosis was low in the students of Nara City schools. Over 23 years, the prevalence of scoliosis in girls increased compared to that in the first decade of the study.
SiC nanowires formed by high energy ion beam irradiation to polymer films and heating
Satoshi Tsukuda,Shu Seki,Masaki Sugimoto,Seiichi Tagawa,Shun-Ichiro Tanaka 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.5
Ion bombardment can release densely active intermediates within a cylindrical area along the passage of a single ion. The cylindrical area, in which high-energy is deposited from projectile ion, is sometimes called an “ion track”. The high energy charged particle irradiation of a polycarbosilane (PCS) film causes cross-linking reactions, leading to the formation of a polymer gel containing cylindrical nanostructures (nanowires). The diameter and length of the nanowires were completely controlled by changing several parameters. PCS is also a well-known a precursor of silicon carbide (SiC), and the PCS nanowires formed by the present techniques were heated at 1,000 oC in Ar gas. A SiC ceramic wire, which has a higher heat resistance than polymers, was obtained on a Si substrate by conversion from the PCS nanowires. In this paper, the crystal structure and phase of the SiC nanowires obtained are discussed. Ion bombardment can release densely active intermediates within a cylindrical area along the passage of a single ion. The cylindrical area, in which high-energy is deposited from projectile ion, is sometimes called an “ion track”. The high energy charged particle irradiation of a polycarbosilane (PCS) film causes cross-linking reactions, leading to the formation of a polymer gel containing cylindrical nanostructures (nanowires). The diameter and length of the nanowires were completely controlled by changing several parameters. PCS is also a well-known a precursor of silicon carbide (SiC), and the PCS nanowires formed by the present techniques were heated at 1,000 oC in Ar gas. A SiC ceramic wire, which has a higher heat resistance than polymers, was obtained on a Si substrate by conversion from the PCS nanowires. In this paper, the crystal structure and phase of the SiC nanowires obtained are discussed.
Satellite Communication System for Multi-Point Data Gathering over Ultra-Wide Area
Tanaka, Hiroshi,Inoue, Satoshi,Tsuchida, Toshihiro,Kazama, Hiroshi 통신위성우주산업연구회 2004 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2004 No.-
In this paper, we propose a stellite communications system for gathering data from a lot of observation points scattered over an ultra-wide area. The system configuration takes into account the requirements for a practical data gathering system. The main target of our system is reduced communication cost by using a narrow frequency band and the main feature os an economical data gathering using a group-modem composed of a multi-carrier multi-rate filter bank. We describe our system investigation for channel assignment methods, data gathering sequences, and channel interference suppression between narrow band carries.
LPE growth of $La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}$ single-crystalline films
Tanaka, Isao,Tanabe, Hideyoshi,Watauchi, Satoshi,Kojima, Hironao The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 1999 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.9 No.3
$La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}$ single-crystalline films were prepared on bulk single crystals of Zn-doped $La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}$ as the substrates by LPE technique using two deferent methods. When prepared using an alumina crucible in normal electrical furnace, the $La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}$ films were contaminated with less than 3 at% aluminum from the alumina crucibles. Aluminum contamination either reduced or completely destroyed the superconductivity of the $La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}$ films, For LPE growth by modified TSFZ method using an infrared heating furnace without crucibles, the $La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}$ films of x=0.11 showed superconducting with $Tc_{onset}=36\;K$, which is 10 K higher than that in the $La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}$ bulk single crystals.