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Sara AMIN,Malka LIAQAT,Noreen SAFDAR,Sidra IQBAL 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.5
Current research intended to measure the spillovers of education and on-the-job training to enhance sustainable economic development. Consideration of research and development expenditures for on-the-job training expands the impact of education and, thus, may provide spillovers for Pakistan’s economic growth. The primary focus of this research is to look at the combined impact of education and research and development spending as value-added variables for sustainable growth. The econometric study uses data from a variety of sources, including the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the Pakistan Economic Survey, and world development indices. The secondary annual time series data from 1976 to 2019 are analyzed. To adequately estimate the empirical model, ARDL has been used while the presence of the unit root has been tested using the ADF test. The findings show that education, research, and development all contribute to all-inclusive, sustainable economic growth. Labor and capital, among other traditional components, continue to be the backbone of the development process. Still, the spillover effect is much enhanced with the expansion in education and the on-job training in the form of research and development expenditures. Consequently, the introduction of research and development in education will lead to a sustainable and inclusive economy.
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Mustafa Kiran,Iqbal Nadeem,Ahmad Sajjad,Hussain Irshad,Musaddiq Sara 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.11
Water is essential for human survival and existence. Although everyone acknowledges the importance of water reserves, increasing industrialization and other human activities are drastically reducing the quality of the water. Polymeric composite membranes provide a dependable answer for removing water pollutants and thus improving its quality. In this study, polypropylene composite membranes with Aramid support (PM1 membranes) were fabricated using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) for water purification and characterized using SEM. Numerous membrane characteristics, including polymer concentration, oil for dissolving polymer, nucleating agent, water immersion time and organic solvent were all adjusted for the production of extremely efficient PM1 membranes. The PM1-WC membrane, which was the best membrane, was fabricated by combining 0.1 g PP with soyabean oil, adipic acid as a nucleating agent, and n-hexane as an organic solvent (PP membranes submerged in water for 40 minutes). In a water filtering system developed in the lab, the PM1 membranes’ desalination capacities were tested. The desalination capacity of the PP membranes showed a salt rejection of between 70% and 75%.
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Ali Raza,Anam Omer,Sara Iqbal,Vineet Gudsoorkar,Pramoda Koduru,Kumar Krishnan 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.2
Background/Aims: Bile leak is one of the most common complications of liver transplantation. The treatment options for bile leaksinclude conservative management, surgical re-intervention, percutaneous drainage and endoscopic drainage. We aimed to perform asystematic review to identify the effcacy of endoscopic treatment in the resolution of post-transplant bile leaks. Methods: Two independent reviewers performed systematic literature search in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, grey literature andrelevant references in May 2017. Human studies in English with documented post-liver transplant bile leaks were included. Results: Thirty-four studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled effcacy of biliary stents for the resolution of post-transplantbile leaks was 82.43% compared with 87.15% effcacy of nasobiliary tubes. The effcacy of biliary stents was lower for anastomotic leaks(69.23%) compared to T-tube (90.9%) or cut-surface/ cystic duct stump related leaks (92.8%). Similarly, the effcacy of nasobiliary tubewas also lower for anastomotic leaks (58.33%) compared to T-tube or cut-surface related leaks (100%). Conclusions: In this systematic review, the overall effcacy was 82.43% in biliary stent group, and 87.15% in nasobiliary tube group. Both biliary stent and nasobiliary tube were more effective in managing non-anastomotic leaks compared to anastomotic leaks.
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