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Multishorting Pins PIFA Design for Multiband Communications
Ahmad, Muhammad Sajjad,Kim, C. Y.,Park, J. G. Hindawi Limited 2014 International journal of antennas and propagation Vol.2014 No.-
<P>A novel PIFA model with multiple shorting pins is proposed for multiband, low profile wireless applications, which has the ability to work in adverse conditions. The proposed model has a planar radiating sheet, a ground plane, and sides covered with PEC boundaries. The substrate inside the<I>antenna box</I>is tempered in order to improve the bandwidth and gain. The enhancements applied to the proposed PIFA model show improved characteristics for this PIFA model and make it a versatile candidate for handheld, low profile, and multiband resonant communication devices. Pertinent communication devices are those that work with GSM 850/900, UMTS 850/900/1700/1900/2100, LTE 2300/2500, and ISM 2400 bands used for Bluetooth and WLAN.</P>
Hussain, Sajjad,Iqbal, Muhmmad Waqas,Park, Jaehyun,Ahmad, Muneer,Singh, Jai,Eom, Jonghwa,Jung, Jongwan Springer 2014 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.9 No.1
<P>Hydrogen flow during low pressure chemical vapor deposition had significant effect not only on the physical properties but also on the electrical properties of graphene. Nucleation and grain growth of graphene increased at higher hydrogen flows. And, more oxygen-related functional groups like amorphous and oxidized carbon that probably contributed to defects or contamination of graphene remained on the graphene surface at low H<SUB>2</SUB> flow conditions. It is believed that at low hydrogen flow, those remained oxygen or other oxidizing impurities make the graphene films p-doped and result in decreasing the carrier mobility.</P>
Asif Sajjad,Shafqat SAEED,Mudssar ALI,Fawad Zafar Ahmad KHAN,권용정,Mariano DEVOTO 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.6
Seasonal turnover in plant and floral visitor communities changes the structure of the network of interactions they are involved in. Despite the dynamic nature of plant–visitor networks, a usual procedure is to pool year‐round interaction data into a single network which may result in a biased depiction of the real structure of the interaction network. The annual temporal dynamics and the effect of merging monthly data have previously been described for qualitative data (i.e. describing the occurrence of interactions) alone, while its quantitative aspect (i.e. the actual frequency with which interactions occur) remain little explored. For this, we built a set of 12 monthly networks describing year‐round plant–floral visitor interactions in a 30‐hectare planted forest and its adjacent agricultural landscape at Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. A total of 80 plant and 162 insect species, which engaged in 1573 unique interactions, were recorded. Most network properties (particularly the number of plants, visitors and unique interactions) varied markedly during the year. Data aggregation showed that while animal species, plant species, unique interaction, weighted nestedness, interaction diversity and robustness increased, connectance and specialization decreased. The only metric which seemed relatively unaffected by data pooling was interaction evenness. In general, quantitative metrics were relatively less affected by temporal data aggregation than qualitative ones. Avoiding data aggregation not only gives a more realistic depiction of the dynamic nature of plant–visitor community networks, but also avoids biasing network metrics and, consequently, their expected response to disturbances such as the loss of species.
Attar, Rukset,Sajjad, Farhana,Qureshi, Muhammad Zahid,Tahir, Fizza,Hussain, Ejaz,Fayyaz, Sundas,Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16
Rapidly increasing number of outstanding developments in the field of TRAIL mediated signaling have revolutionized our current information about inducing and maximizing TRAIL mediated apoptosis in resistant cancer cells. Data obtained with high-throughput technologies have provided finer resolution of tumor biology and now it is known that a complex structure containing malignant cells strictly coupled with a large variety of surrounding cells constitutes the tumor stroma. Utility of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as cellular vehicles has added new layers of information. There is sufficient experimental evidence substantiating efficient gene deliveries into MSCs by retroviral, lentiviral and adenoviral vectors. Moreover, there is a paradigm shift in molecular oncology and recent high impact research has shown controlled expression of TRAIL in cancer cells on insertion of complementary sequences for frequently downregulated miRNAs. In this review we have attempted to provide an overview of utility of TRAIL engineered MSCs for effective killing of tumor and potential of using miRNA response elements as rheostat like switch to control expression of TRAIL in cancer cells.
Akram Waseem,Sajjad Asif,Ali Mudssar,Ahmad Ammad,Ali Intazar,Saddiq Bushra,Yasin Muhammad,Anjum Aqueel Muhammad 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.3
Measuring the pollination potential of different native bees is helpful in identifying the most efficient species for their conservation and proper utilization. The current study was carried out at the Research Farm of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur to compare the pollination efficiency of four native bee species: Apis dorsata, Megachile bicolor, M. cephalotes and Megachile (Callomegachile) sp. Apis dorsata was the most abundant floral visitor of Grewia asiatica comprising 36.46% of floral visitors following by M. cephalotes and Megachile sp. The peak abundance of A. dorsata and M. bicolor was recorded at 12:00 and 08:00, respectively whereas for M. cephalotes and Megachile sp. at 16:00. Visitation frequency, stay time, body and proboscis length were significantly higher in A. dorsata whereas visitation rate, pollen load and pollen deposition were significantly higher in M. bicolor. The maximum fruit weight was recorded when M. bicolor and Megachile sp. had been the pollinators. The post-harvest fruit weight loss was lower in M. bicolor pollinated fruit -with more gradual wrinkling- than in fruit that had resulted from pollination by A. dorsata, M. cephalotes and Megachile sp. Our results suggest that M. bicolor was better pollinator of G. asiatica in terms of its reproductive success and post-harvest qualities. Further studies should focus on conservation of M. bicolor in the region.
CA 15-3 (Mucin-1) and Physiological Characteristics of Breast Cancer from Lahore, Pakistan
Begum, Mumtaz,Karim, Sajjad,Malik, Arif,Khurshid, Rukhshan,Asif, Muhammad,Salim, Asmat,Nagra, Saeed Ahmed,Zaheer, Ahmad,Iqbal, Zafar,Abuzenadah, Adel Mohammed,Alqahtani, Mohammed Hussain,Rasool, Mahmo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10
Background: High incidence of breast cancer and its fatal effect has reached an alarming stage across the globe, including the third world countries. Many factors have been reported to be associated with the development of breast cancer but detailed structural and functional information is missing. CA 15-3 is one of the known potential tumor marker of breast cancer; however little is known about structure and functional site of this protein. Present study aims to investigate the functional role of CA 15-3 in breast cancer, especially in development and metastasis. Material and Methods: Hundred female breast cancer patients confirmed by histopathological reports were included in the study. Their physiological characters were recorded in a performa. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to estimate serum CA 15-3 level. Immunohistochemistry was done for estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and Her2/neu receptors expression. Results: The study revealed the details of physiological characteristics of female breast cancer. Mean age was $37.72{\pm}5.99$ and $55.05{\pm}7.28$ years and serum CA 15-3 (MUC1) level was $60.47{\pm}8.59$ and $63.17{\pm}4.58$ U/ml in pre and post-menopause respectively, and both groups of women had sedentary life style. Their receptor status especially of progesterone, estrogen and HER-2/neu were positive in 50% of premenopausal women and 65% of postmenopausal women. Conclusion: There are multiple physiological factors promoting breast cancer. High serum CA 15-3 level and hormonal imbalance of ER, PR and Her2/neu appears to be the main cause of breast cancer. It may be possible that the functional sites of these proteins may be altered which may increase the chances of metastasis in breast cancer.
The electrical, dielectric and magnetic effect of MgFe2O4–polypyrrole and its composites
Alburaih H. A.,Khan Sajjad Ahmad,Khosa Rabia Yasmin,Ejaz Syeda Rabia,Khan Abdul Rauf,Muhammad Ghulam,Waheed Muhammad Suleman,Chughtai Adeel Hussain,Manzoor Sumaira,Aman Salma 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.2
In the modern world of health and life sciences, the utilization of nanoscale materials, particularly magnetic nanoparticles, is a hot topic. Here in the present study, MgFe2O4 is synthesized via the chemical co-precipitation technique, and the polypyrrole (PPy) is fabricated via in situ polymerization technique to form the MgFe2O4/PPy nanocomposite by varying its content in the ferrite material. The electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of the fabricated materials were studied to investigate their applications in electronic devices. The magnetization saturation Ms, remanence Mr and coercivity Hc increase with the addition of ferrite material. The activation of the fabricated material increases from 0.11 to 0.34 eV, indicating the increase in electrical resistivity. The other important parameters such as squareness ratio and drift mobility were also calculated. The increment in DC electrical resistivity, saturation magnetic magnetization and remanence as well as reduction in dielectric constant values with the ferrite material addition in the polypyrrole suggest that the materials can be beneficial for recording media as well as high-frequency devices.
( Khan Muhammad ),( Jamil Ahmad ),( Haleem Farman ),( Zahoor Jan ),( Muhammad Sajjad ),( Sung Wook Baik ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.5
Security of information during transmission is a major issue in this modern era. All of the communicating bodies want confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of their secret information. Researchers have presented various schemes to cope with these Internet security issues. In this context, both steganography and cryptography can be used effectively. However, major limitation in the existing steganographic methods is the low-quality output stego images, which consequently results in the lack of security. To cope with these issues, we present an efficient method for RGB images based on gray level modification (GLM) and multi-level encryption (MLE). The secret key and secret data is encrypted using MLE algorithm before mapping it to the grey-levels of the cover image. Then, a transposition function is applied on cover image prior to data hiding. The usage of transpose, secret key, MLE, and GLM adds four different levels of security to the proposed algorithm, making it very difficult for a malicious user to extract the original secret information. The proposed method is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. The experimental results, compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms, show that the proposed algorithm not only enhances the quality of stego images but also provides multiple levels of security, which can significantly misguide image steganalysis and makes the attack on this algorithm more challenging.