Association of Serum and Salivary Tumor Necrosis Factor-α with Histological Grading in Oral Cancer and its Role in Differentiating Premalignant and Malignant Oral Disease

Krishnan, Rajkumar,Thayalan, Dinesh Kumar,Padmanaban, Rajashree,Ramadas, Ramya,Annasamy, Ramesh Kumar,Anandan, Nirmala Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an important malignancy throughout the world; early detection is an important criterion for achieving high cure rate. Out of the many reported markers for OSCC, this study validated the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in differentially diagnosing premalignant oral lesions and OSCC. Also, the study aimed to correlate the levels of salivary and serum TNF-${\alpha}$ with clinicopathologic factors. Materials and Methods: A prospective experimental laboratory study was designed. Serum and salivary samples from 100 subjects in each group of healthy control, premalignant disease (PMD) and OSCC were collected for the study following appropriate exclusion and inclusion criteria. Serum and salivary level of TNF-${\alpha}$ was analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. Results: Increased level of both serum and salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ was observed in OSCC subjects compared to healthy control and PMD group. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and area under curve values showed high specificity and sensitivity for salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ in differentiating OSCC from PMD and healthy controls. There was significant increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ level in moderately and poorly differentiated lesion compared to well differentiated lesion and in stage IV of clinical stage. A positive correlation was observed only with histological grading of OSCC and TNF-${\alpha}$. Conclusions: Salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ is proved to be superior for detecting OSCC. Increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ with histological grading and clinical staging suggests a role in prognosis.

Prediction of concentration and temperature profiles for non-isothermal ethane cracking in a pipe reactor

Vinod Kumar Srivastava,Rajeev Kumar Garg,Venkatesan Venkat Krishnan 한국화학공학회 2006 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.23 No.4

this paper, a 2-dimensional model has been established for ethane cracking in a thermal cracker in laminar flow, using amolecular mechanistic model for ethane cracking. The model, consisting of 9-coupled partial diferential equations,is solved using the backward implicit numerical scheme. The resulting product distribution and temperature profilesare predicted throughout the reactor. The concentrations of acetylene and propylene show a maximum within the reac-tor. The efect of certain operational parameters - tube radius, wall temperature and mass flow rate - is also studiedon these profiles. The parameters are varied in the range of 0.005-0.0125 m for tube radius, 1.25 kg/hr-2.5 kg/hr foroC for tube wall temperature. It is observed that an increase in wall temperature and anincrease in tube radius or decrease in flow rate favours the conversion of ethane.

Process systems Engineering, Process Safety, Transport Phenomena : Prediction of concentration and temperature profiles for non-isothermal ethane cracking in a pipe reactor

( Rajeev Kumar Garg ),( Venkatesan Venkat Krishnan ),( Vinod Kumar Srivastava ) 한국화학공학회 2006 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.23 No.4

Outcome after Surgery for Metastases to the Pelvic Bone: A Single Institutional Experience

Chandra Kumar Krishnan,한일규,김한수 대한정형외과학회 2017 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.9 No.1

Background: The pelvic bone is the most common site of bone metastases following the axial skeleton. Surgery on the pelvic bone is a demanding procedure. Few studies have been published on the surgical outcomes of metastasis to the pelvic bone with only small numbers of patients involved. This study sought to analyze the complications, local progression and survival after surgery for metastasis to the pelvic bone on a larger cohort of patients. Methods: We analyzed 83 patients who underwent surgery for metastases to the pelvic bone between the years 2000 and 2015. There were 41 men and 42 women with a mean age of 55 years. Possible factors that might be associated with complications, local progression and survival were investigated with regard to patient demographics and disease-related and treatment-related variables. Results: The overall complication rate was 16% (13/83). Advanced age (> 55 years, p = 0.034) and low preoperative serum albumin levels (≤ 39 g/L, p = 0.001) were associated with increased complication rates. In patients with periacetabular disease, the complication rate was higher in those who underwent total hip replacement arthroplasty (THR) than those who did not (p = 0.030). Local progression rate was 46% (37/83). The overall median time to local progression was 26 ± 14.3 months. The median time from local progression to death was 13 months (range, 0 to 81 months). The local progression-free survival was 52.6% ± 6.4% at 2 years and 36.4% ± 7.6% at 5 years, respectively. Presence of skip lesions (p = 0.017) and presence of visceral metastasis (p = 0.027) were found to be significantly associated with local progression. The median survival of all patients was 24 months. The 2-year and 3-year survival rates were 52.5% ± 5.9% and 35.6% ± 6%, respectively. Metastasis from the kidney, breast, or thyroid or of hematolymphoid origin (p = 0.014), absence of visceral metastasis (p = 0.017) and higher preoperative serum albumin levels (p = 0.009) were associated with a prolonged survival. Conclusions: Advanced age and low serum albumin levels were associated with high complication rates. Local progression after surgery for metastases to the pelvic bone was affected by the presence of skip lesions, not by surgical margins. Primary cancer type, serum albumin level and visceral metastasis influenced survival.

Comparative Studies to Evaluate Relative in vitro Potency of Luteolin in Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in HaCaT and A375 Cells

George, Vazhapilly Cijo,Kumar, Devanga Ragupathi Naveen,Suresh, Palamadai Krishnan,Kumar, Sanjay,Kumar, Rangasamy Ashok Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid present in many plants with diverse applications in pharmacology. Despite several studies elucidating its significant anti-cancer activity against various cancer cells, the mechanism of action in skin cancer is not well addressed. Hence, we investigated the effects of luteolin in HaCaT (human immortalized keratinocytes) and A375 (human melanoma) cells. The radical scavenging abilities of luteolin were determined spectrophotometrically, prior to a cytotoxic study (XTT assay). Inhibitory effects were assessed by colony formation assay. Further, the capability of luteolin to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were demonstrated by flow cytometry and cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA, respectively. The results revealed that luteolin possesses considerable cytotoxicity against both HaCaT and A375 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 37.1 ${\mu}M$ and 115.1 ${\mu}M$, respectively. Luteolin also inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis in a dose and time-dependent manner by disturbing cellular integrity as evident from morphological evaluation by Wright-Giemsa staining. Accumulation of cells in G2/M (0.83-8.14%) phase for HaCaT cells and G0/G1 (60.4-72.6%) phase for A375 cells after 24 h treatment indicated cell cycle arresting potential of this flavonoid. These data suggest that luteolin inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in skin cancer cells with possible involvement of programmed cell death, providing a substantial basis for it to be developed into a potent chemopreventive template for skin cancer.

Morphometric evaluation of great vein of Galen and its clinical implications

Grace Suganya. S(Grace Suganya. S ),Ariharan. K(Ariharan. K ),Raveendranath Veeramani(Raveendranath Veeramani ),Dinesh Kumar. V(Dinesh Kumar. V ),Nagarajan Krishnan(Nagarajan Krishnan ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

The Galenic venous system plays a vital role in the drainage of blood from deeper parts of the brain. This venous system is contributed by many major veins. These veins are located closer to the pineal gland making the surgical approach in this region difficult. Any accidental injury or occlusion of the vein of Galen could lead to devasting results. Thus, studying the dimensions of the vein of Galen is more important. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the morphometry and trajectory to the vein of Galen. About 100 computed tomographic venography records were evaluated and the length, diameter of vein of Galen, angle between straight sinus and vein of Galen and distance from internal occipital protuberance and roof of fourth ventricle to vein of Galen were studied. The mean length and diameter of vein of Galen were 9.8±2.7 and 4.08±1.04 respectively. The mean angle between straight sinus and vein of Galen was 64.2°. The mean distance between external occipital protuberance and roof of fourth ventricle to vein of Galen were 52±6.9 and 33.3±4.5 respectively. No significant morphometric differences were observed between the age groups as well as between the sexs. The results obtained from this study may be helpful for the neurosurgeons in better understanding of the anatomy of the Galenic venous system and to adopt a safe surgical approach to improve the efficacy of the surgeries of the pineal gland and also in the region of vein of Galen.

Identification of Pedicle Screw Pullout Load Paths for Osteoporotic Vertebrae

Krishnan Venkatesh,Varghese Vicky,Kumar Gurunathan Saravana,Yoganandan Narayan 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.3

Study Design: A biomechanical study.Purpose: To determine the actual load path and compare pullout strengths as a function of screw size used in revision surgeries using postmortem human subject specimens.Overview of Literature: Pedicle screw fixation has become the standard of care in the surgical management of spinal instability. However, pullout failures are widely observed in osteoporotic spines and treated by revision surgeries using a higher diameter screw, performing cement augmentation, or increasing the levels of fixation. While the peak forces to final pullout are reported, the actual load path to achieve the final force level is not available. Methods: Six osteoporotic lumbar spines (L2–L5) were instrumented with 5.5×40 mm polyaxial screws and loaded along the axis of the screw using a material testing machine according to American Society for Testing of Materials 543-07 test protocol. Tests were again conducted by replacing them with 6.5×40 mm (group A) or 7.5×40 mm (group B) screws. Force-displacement data were grouped and load paths (mean±1 standard deviation) were compared.Results: Pullout strength decreased by 36% when the size of the revision screw was increased by 1 mm, while it increased by 35% when the size of the revision screw was increased by 2 mm compared to the index screw value. While the morphologies of the load paths were similar in all cases, they differ between the two groups: the larger screw responded with generally elevated stiffer path than the smaller screw, suggesting that revision surgery using a larger screw has more purchase along the inserted body-pedicle axis.Conclusions: A larger screw enhances strength and increases biomechanical stability in revision surgeries, although the final surgical decision is made by the clinician, which includes the patient’s anatomy and associated characteristics.

Contrasting SYK-like models

Krishnan, Chethan,Pavan Kumar, K. V.,Rosa, Dario Institute of Physics Pub 2018 The journal of high energy physics Vol.2018 No.1

Toll-like receptor signal transduction

Jayalakshmi Krishnan,최상돈,이광,Masa Tsuchiya,Kumar Selvarajoo 생화학분자생물학회 2007 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.39 No.4

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the archetypal pattern recognition receptors in sensing exogenous pathogens. Activation of TLRs is a first line of defense of the immune system, leading to the activation and recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to sites of infection and enhances antimicrobial activity. The TLR signaling through different intracellular molecules, such as MAP kinases and IκB kinases which are conserved signaling elements for many receptors, leads to a distinct set of proinflammatory gene expressions. However, how these pathways differentially and precisely control the transcription of identical genes remains largely unknown. Our review focuses on the details of up-todate signaling molecules including negative regulators and their role in controlling innate immune response. We also stress the importance of developing systemic approaches for the global understanding of TLR signaling so that appropriate drug therapeutic targets can be identified for regulating inflammatory diseases.

Sensing of picric acid with a glassy carbon electrode modified with CuS nanoparticles deposited on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide

Giribabu, Krishnan,Oh, Seo Yeong,Suresh, Ranganathan,Kumar, Sivakumar Praveen,Manigandan, Ramadoss,Munusamy, Settu,Gnanamoorthy, Govindhan,Kim, Jun Yeong,Huh, Yun Suk,Narayanan, Vengidusamy Springer-Verlag 2016 Mikrochimica acta Vol.183 No.8

<P>We describe the preparation of a nanohybrid consisting of nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide and CuS nanoparticles (N-rGO/CuS) by in-situ microwave irradiation at weight ratios of 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25. The resulting nanohybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FTIR, spectroscopy, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance analysis. It is shown that the CuS nanoparticles are evenly decorated onto the N-rGO surface. The nanohybrids was placed on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) where they showed electro-reductive activity towards picric acid, typically at working voltages between -0.2 and -0.8 V (vs. SCE). Effects of pH value and scan rate were evaluated, and it is shown that two electrons are involved in electro-reduction. The detection limits of the GCE modified with various N-rGO/CuS hybrids (with 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25 wt%) are 6.2, 3.2, and 0.069 mu M respectively. The method demonstrates its applicability in sensing of picric acid with good reproducibility.</P>