Citrus Pulp as a Dietary Source of Antioxidants for Lactating Holstein Cows Fed Highly Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Diets

Santos, G.T.,Lima, L.S.,Schogor, A.L.B.,Romero, J.V.,De Marchi, F.E.,Grande, P.A.,Santos, N.W.,Kazama, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.8

The effects of feeding pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) as a natural antioxidant source on the performance and milk quality of dairy cows fed highly polyunsaturated fatty acid (FA) diets were evaluated. Four lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latinsquare. Treatments, on a dry matter (DM) basis, were i) control diet; ii) 3% soybean oil; iii) 3% soybean oil and 9% PCP and; iv) 3% soybean oil and 18% PCP. When cows fed on citrus pulp, the DM intake tended to decrease. The total tract apparent digestibility of DM and ether extract decreased when cows fed on the control diet compared to other diets. Cows fed PCP had higher polyphenols and flavonoids content and higher total ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in milk compared to those fed no pelleted citrus pulp. Cows fed 18% PCP showed higher monounsaturated FA and lower saturated FA in milk fat compared with cows fed the other diets. The lowest n-6 FA proportion was in milk fat from cows fed control. The present study suggests that pelleted citrus pulp added to 9% to 18% DM increases total polyphenols and flavonoids concentration, and the FRAP in milk.

DIFFUSION OF MAGNETIC FIELD AND REMOVAL OF MAGNETIC FLUX FROM CLOUDS VIA TURBULENT RECONNECTION

Santos-Lima, R.,Lazarian, A.,de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.,Cho, J. IOP Publishing 2010 The Astrophysical journal Vol.714 No.1

<P>The diffusion of astrophysical magnetic fields in conducting fluids in the presence of turbulence depends on whether magnetic fields can change their topology via reconnection in highly conducting media. Recent progress in understanding fast magnetic reconnection in the presence of turbulence reassures that the magnetic field behavior in computer simulations and turbulent astrophysical environments is similar, as far as magnetic reconnection is concerned. This makes it meaningful to perform MHD simulations of turbulent flows in order to understand the diffusion of magnetic field in astrophysical environments. Our studies of magnetic field diffusion in turbulent medium reveal interesting new phenomena. First of all, our three-dimensional MHD simulations initiated with anti-correlating magnetic field and gaseous density exhibit at later times a de-correlation of the magnetic field and density, which corresponds well to the observations of the interstellar media. While earlier studies stressed the role of either ambipolar diffusion or time-dependent turbulent fluctuations for de-correlating magnetic field and density, we get the effect of permanent de-correlation with one fluid code, i.e., without invoking ambipolar diffusion. In addition, in the presence of gravity and turbulence, our three-dimensional simulations show the decrease of the magnetic flux-to-mass ratio as the gaseous density at the center of the gravitational potential increases. We observe this effect both in the situations when we start with equilibrium distributions of gas and magnetic field and when we follow the evolution of collapsing dynamically unstable configurations. Thus, the process of turbulent magnetic field removal should be applicable both to quasi-static subcritical molecular clouds and cores and violently collapsing supercritical entities. The increase of the gravitational potential as well as the magnetization of the gas increases the segregation of the mass and magnetic flux in the saturated final state of the simulations, supporting the notion that the reconnection-enabled diffusivity relaxes the magnetic field + gas system in the gravitational field to its minimal energy state. This effect is expected to play an important role in star formation, from its initial stages of concentrating interstellar gas to the final stages of the accretion to the forming protostar. In addition, we benchmark our codes by studying the heat transfer in magnetized compressible fluids and confirm the high rates of turbulent advection of heat obtained in an earlier study.</P>

Bacterial Structure and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting and Oil Degrading Bacteria from the Rhizospheres of Mangrove Plants

Flávia Lima do Carmo,Henrique Fragoso dos Santos,Edir Ferreira Martins,Jan Dirk van Elsas,Alexandre Soares Rosado,Raquel Silva Peixoto 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.4

Most oil from oceanic spills converges on coastal ecosystems, such as mangrove forests, which are threatened with worldwide disappearance. Particular bacteria that inhabit the rhizosphere of local plant species can stimulate plant development through various mechanisms; it would be advantageous if these would also be capable of degrading oil. Such bacteria may be important in the preservation or recuperation of mangrove forests impacted by oil spills. This study aimed to compare the bacterial structure, isolate and evaluate bacteria able to degrade oil and stimulate plant growth, from the rhizospheres of three mangrove plant species. These features are particularly important taking into account recent policies for mangrove bioremediation,implying that oil degradation as well as plant maintenance and health are key targets. Fifty-seven morphotypes were isolated from the mangrove rhizospheres on Bushnell-Haas (BH) medium supplemented with oil as the sole carbon source and tested for plant growth promotion. Of this strains, 60% potentially fixed nitrogen, 16% showed antimicrobial activity, 84% produced siderophores, 51% had the capacity to solubilize phosphate, and 33% produced the indole acetic acid hormone. Using gas chromatography, we evaluated the oil-degrading potential of ten selected strains that had different morphologies and showed Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) features. The ten tested strains showed a promising degradation profile for at least one compound present in the oil. Among degrader strains, 46% had promising PGPR potential, having at least three of the above capacities. These strains might be used as a consortium,allowing the concomitant degradation of oil and stimulation of mangrove plant survival and maintenance.

A SHARP INTEGRAL INEQUALITY FOR COMPACT LINEAR WEINGARTEN HYPERSURFACES

de Lima, Henrique F.,dos Santos, Fabio R.,Rocha, Lucas S. Korean Mathematical Society 2022 대한수학회보 Vol.59 No.3

We establish a sharp integral inequality related to compact (without boundary) linear Weingarten hypersurfaces (immersed) in a locally symmetric Einstein manifold and we apply it to characterize totally umbilical hypersurfaces and isoparametric hypersurfaces with two distinct principal curvatures, one which is simple, in such an ambient space. Our approach is based on the ideas and techniques introduced by Alías and Meléndez in [4] for the case of hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature in an Euclidean round sphere.

Measurements of Microhardness During Transient Horizontal Directional Solidification of Al-Rich Al-Cu Alloys: Effect of Thermal Parameters, Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing and Al2Cu Intermetallic Phase

André Santos Barros,Igor Alexsander Magno,Fabrício Andrade Souza,Carlos Alberto Mota,Antonio Luciano Moreira,Maria Adrina Silva,Otávio Lima Rocha 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.3

In this work, the effect of the growth rate (VL) and cooling rate (TR), primary dendritic arm spacing (1) and Al2Cu intermetallic phase on the microhardness was investigated during transient horizontal directional solidification of Al-3wt%Cu and Al-8wt%Cu alloys. Microstructural characterization of the investigated alloys was performed using traditional techniques of metallography, optical and SEM microscopy and X-Ray diffraction. The microhardness evolution as a function of the thermal and microstructural parameters (VL, TR, and 1) was evaluated using power and Hall-Petch type experimental laws, which were compared with other laws in the literature. In order to examine the effect of the Al2Cu intermetallic phase, microhardness measurements were performed in interdendritic regions. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed between the experimental data of this work and theoretical models from the literature that have been proposed to predict primary dendrite arm spacing, which have been tested in numerous works considering upward directional solidification.

Analysis of Different Electric Current Frequencies in Soil Apparent Conductivity

dos Santos Fernando Ferreira Lima,de Queiroz Daniel Marçal,Valente Domingos Sárvio Magalhães,Khorsandi Farzaneh,de Moura Araújo Guilherme 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.2

Purpose The electrical resistivity method is commonly used to identify areas with similar soil characteristics by measuring the soil’s apparent electrical conductivity (EC a ). However, the ideal frequency range to be used and the infl uence of the signal frequency on EC a values obtained by sensors is still uncertain. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the eff ect of electric current frequency on EC a values and (2) evaluate the correlation between EC a values obtained from diff erent frequencies and soil attributes of agronomic interest, such as soil water content and pH. EC a determinations were obtained in four experimental areas using six diff erent frequencies of electric current (1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 Hz). Methods The infl uence of the electric current signal frequency on the value obtained by the sensor was analyzed by linear regressions in all experimental areas, followed by the F- test ( α = 0.05). Pearson’s correlations ( α = 0.05) were calculated to quantify the relationships between EC a and soil physical and chemical attributes, for each frequency of the electric current signal of the sensor. Results Statistical analyses indicated that the electric current frequency does not signifi cantly aff ect the measured conductivity value. According to the chi-square test ( p ≤ 0.05), the number of signifi cant correlations between EC a and soil physical and chemical attributes was homogeneous for all frequencies. The F -test indicated that the frequency of the electric current had no signifi cant eff ect on EC a in 90% of the experimental points. Conclusion It was shown that all frequencies in the range of 1 to 40 Hz can be used to correlate EC a values with chemical and physical soil attributes, such as soil water content ( r = 0.73, p < 0.05) and exchangeable calcium content ( r = 0.66, p < 0.05).

Functional resistance training can increase strength, knee torque ratio, and functional performance in elderly women

Ahlan Benezar Lima,Ewertton de Souza Bezerra,Lucas Bet da Rosa Orssatto,Ericles de Paiva Vieira,Luhan Ammy Andrade Picanço,João Otacilio Libardoni dos Santos 한국운동재활학회 2018 JER Vol.14 No.4

Hepatoprotective Effect of Essential Oils from Hyptis crenata in Sepsis-Induced Liver Dysfunction

Glauber Cruz Lima,Yuri de Abreu Gomes Vasconcelos,Marilia Trindade de Santana Souza,Alan Santos Oliveira,Rangel Rodrigues Bomfim,Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Junior,Enilton Aparecido Camargo 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.7

No specific therapeutics are available for the treatment of sepsis-induced liver dysfunction, a clinical complication strongly associated with the high mortality rate of septic patients. This study investigated the effect of the essential oil of Hyptis crenata (EOHc), a lamiaceae plant used to treat liver disturbances in Brazilian folk medicine, on liver function during early sepsis. Sepsis was induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Rats were divided into four groups: Sham, Sham+EOHc, CLP, and CLP+EOHc. EOHc (300 mg/kg) was orally administered 12 and 24 h after surgery. The animals were sacrificed for blood collection and liver tissue samples 48 h after surgery. Hepatic function was evaluated by measuring serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. The levels of malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured for assessment of oxidative stress. Liver morphology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. EOHc normalized serum ALP, ALT, and bilirubin levels and inhibited morphological changes. In addition, we observed that EOHc inhibited elevation in hepatic lipid peroxidation and reduction of the glutathione peroxidase activity induced by sepsis. Our data show that EOHc plays a protective effect against liver injury induced by sepsis.

Epidemiology of Abdominal Obesity among Adolescents from a Brazilian State Capital

Diego Augusto Santos Silva,Andreia Pelegrini,João Marcos Ferreira de Lima e Silva,Edio Luiz Petroski 대한의학회 2011 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.26 No.1

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle factors on abdominal obesity in adolescents from a Brazilian state capital. In this cross-sectional study, 656 high school students (423 girls and 233 boys) from public schools, ranging in age from 14 to 19 yr, were evaluated. Abdominal obesity was identified based on waist circumference. Socioeconomic data (socioeconomic status,household head’s education, and school grade), demographic data (gender and age), and information regarding lifestyle (physical activity, eating habits, aerobic fitness, and nutritional status) were collected. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 6.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6-8.4). Being in the second (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.19-0.88) or third year (OR = 0.18;95% CI: 0.06-0.59) of high school was a protective factor against abdominal obesity. In addition, students presenting low aerobic fitness (OR = 4.10; 95% CI: 1.62-10.4) and those with excess weight (OR = 208.6; 95% CI: 47.7-911.7) had a higher probability of abdominal obesity. In conclusion, demographic factors such as school grade, lifestyle habits, low aerobic fitness and excess weight are associated with central obesity.

An assessment of responses to egg production and liver health of Japanese quails subjected to different levels of metabolizable energy

Castiblanco Diana Maryuri Correa,Lima Michele Bernardino de,Artoni Silvana Martinez Baraldi,Raimundo Erikson Kadoshe de Morais,Santos Daniel Silva,Carvalho Lizia Cordeiro de,Silva Edney Pereira da 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.1

Objective: Current quail production is configured as an economic activity in scale. Advancements in quail nutrition have been limited to areas such as breeding and, automation of facilities and ambience. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance responses, liver and oviduct morphometry, and liver histology of Japanese laying quails subjected to different levels of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (MEn). Methods: A completely random design was used that consisted of nine levels of MEn, six replicates, and five hens per cage with a total of 270 quails. The experimental period lasted for 10 weeks. The variables of performance were subjected to analysis of variance and then regression analysis using the broken-line model. The morphometric and histological variables were subjected to multivariate exploratory techniques. Results: The MEn levels influenced the responses to zootechnical performance. The brokenline model estimated the maximum responses for feed intake, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass as 3,040, 2,820, 1,802, and 2,960 kcal of MEn per kg of diet, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the occurrence of hepatic steatosis and increased levels of Kupffer cells were not related to MEn levels. Conclusion: The level of 2,960 kcal/kg of MEn meets performance variable requirements without compromising hepatic physiology.