朴殷植의 『渤海太祖建國誌』의 검토

임상선(Lim, Sang-sun) 한국사학사학회 2004 韓國史學史學報 Vol.0 No.10

Balhaethaejogeongukji which was written by Park eun-sik in 1911 has many meanings in Balhae(渤海) history. Above all Balhaethaejogeongukji is the first book that dealt with Balhae history after the practical science period. This book means on the subject of the establishment of Balhaethaejo but also really described the whole Balhae history from the founding to the early 9th century. And this book dealt with various fields which included politics, society, culture, customs, diplomacy, geography and so on in the whole Balhae history. Second in the situation that had national rights taken away under the rule of Japanese imperialism Balhaethaejogeongukji studied the whole Balhae history with Koguryo(高句麗) which was an extension of noticing Manju(滿洲) area for life and an independence movement. Park eun-sik told it was important that we knew our history to recover our race and nation and the system followed Dangunchosun(檀君朝鮮), Koguryo and Balhae.Third it is different that Park eun-sik described the whole Balhae history on a survey on the other hand Chin chae-ho(申采浩)'s description about Balhae stayed the step on the theory of knowledge. It is a lot of analogous contents between Chin chae-ho's Doksasinron(讀史新論) was published in 1908 previous Park eun-sik and Park eun-sik's Balhaethaejogeongukji. Finally understanding Balhae history of Park eun-sik succeeded to previous realist and affected the study about Balhae history of contemporary and after nationalism historians greatly. Recognizing Nambukjo(南北朝) of Balhae and Shira(新羅) was affected by Yu dekgong(柳得恭), Kim jeng-ho(金正浩) and Kim taek-young(金澤榮). Men who recognized and emphasized that Balhae acceded to Koguryo and had great importance in Korean history were Yu dek-gong, Kim taek-young, Jang ji-yeon(張志淵), Chin chae-ho and so on. And Park eun-sik exerted great influence on recognizing Balhae of Shin gyu-sik(申圭植), Jang do-bin (張道斌), Kwon duk-gyu(權悳奎), Hwang ui-don(黃義敦) and Kim sang-gi(金庠基) after Balhaethaejogeongukji.

渤海人의 契丹 內地로의 강제 遷徙와 居住地 檢討

임상선(LIM Sang-sun) 고구려발해학회 2013 고구려발해연구 Vol.47 No.-

渤海 멸망 이전 契丹의 遼東 지역 점유 과정으로부터 928년 東丹國의 遷徙에 이르기까지 渤海 지역에서 契丹 內地로의 渤海人의 천사를 『遼史』 地理志를 중심으로 검토해 보았다. 발해가 멸망하기 이전에 거란 지역에서 발해인이 거주한 곳으로는 上京道에서는 臨潢府의 潞縣, 饒州의 長樂縣이 있다. 東京道에서는 遼州, 同州의 東平縣·永昌縣, 瀋州 소속 巖州의 白巖縣, 廣州, 銀州, 辰州가 있었다. 926년 발해 멸망 직후, 발해인이 천사된 지역으로는 上京道에서 臨潢府의 長泰縣, 定?縣, 保和縣, 宣化縣이고, 祖州의 長?縣, 懷州의 扶餘縣·顯理縣, 慶州의 富義縣, 永州의 長寧縣·義?縣, 饒州의 臨河縣·安民縣에 발해인이 있었다. 東京道에서는 通州의 扶餘縣·顯義縣·强帥縣, 龍州의 黃龍縣·遷民縣, 韓州가 있고, 이밖에 중경도 錦州 소속의 巖州도 발해 포로로 이루어진 주였다. 928년 12월부터 거란은 後患을 염려하여 옛 발해 지역에 있던 東丹國과 그 주민을 거란 지역으로 천사시켰다. 발해 上京龍泉府는 東京遼陽府의 遼陽縣·仙鄕縣·鶴野縣·析木縣·興遼縣, 그리고 湖州와 渤州로 천사되었고, 中京玄德府는 盧州·鐵州·興州는 발해와 거란의 주의 명칭이 같고, 거란 崇州는 발해 榮州를 잘못 표기한 것으로 생각된다. 東京龍原府의 慶州가 거란에서는 開州로 명칭이 바뀌었고, 나머지 鹽·穆·賀 3州는 명칭이 바뀌지 않은채 옮겨졌다. 西京鴨?府의 神州는 거란에서는 ?州로 개칭되고, 나머지 桓州, ?州, 正州는 명칭이 바뀌지 않았으며, 南京南海府의 沃州는 거란에서는 海州로 바뀌고, 해주의 소속 주인 耀州와 嬪州는 남경남해부의 椒州와 晴州가 명칭이 바뀌어 옮겨간 것이다. 5경 이외에 遂州와 信州는 발해의 懷遠府에 있던 주민이 옮겨간 곳이고, 발해의 특수한 주인 ?州·銅州·涑州의 3개 州도 천사되었다. 『요사』 지리지에서 천사 시기를 밝히지 않고, ‘本 무슨 무슨 곳 --- 故縣’, 혹은 ‘故縣’ 만으로 표시된 州, 縣은 東丹國이 천사될 때의 주, 현인 것으로 보인다. 다만, 천사된 戶는 각 府·州·縣의 지배적 집단이었을 가능성이 높고, 그 호수는 모두 발해인이라 하더라도, 이것이 각 부·주·현의 전체 호수라고는 할 수 없을 것이다. This study reviewed the Balhe People’s deportation from their Balhae territory to the inland of Gulran during the period from the Gulan tribal’s occupation on the Liadong region before the Balhe’s fall to the nation Dongran’s deportation in 928 around the geographic book 『The Khitans’ History』 As the areas that Balhae people had resided in Khitan’s ruling region before the Nation Balhae fell, there were Ro-hyun in Limwhang-bu, Sanggyeong-do and Jangak-hyun in Yo-ju. In Donggyeong-do, some Balhae people lived in Ryo-ju, Dongpyung-hyun and Yeongchang-hyun in Dong-ju, Baekam-hyun in Am-ju govered by Sim-ju, Gawng-ju, Eun-ju, and Jin-ju. Immediately after the Nation Balhae fell in 926, some Balhe people were forcibly moved to Jangtae-hyun, Jeongpae-hyun, Bowha-hyun and Seonwha-hyun in Limwhang-bu, Sanggyeong-do, Jangpae-hyun in Jo-ju, or Buyeo-hyun and Hyeon-rhiyun in Whoi-ju, Buihyun in Geyong-ju, Jangneyong-hyun and Woipung-hyun in Yeong-ju, or Limha-hyun and Anmin-hyun in Yo-ju. In Donggyeong-do, as the regions where the Balhae people lived, there were Buyeo-hyn and Hyunwoi-hyun and Gangsu-hyun in Tong-ju, Whangryonghyun, Cheonmin-hyun in Yong-ju, and Han-ju. Besides, Am-ju governed by Geum-ju, Junggyeong-do was made of Balhae captives. Sine Decemer in 928, the Khitan government forcibly moved the people of nation Dongran which had founded in the former Balhae’s territory to some regions governed by the Nation Khitan in order to prevent Dongra’s people’s resistance. The residents in Sanggyeong Yeongcheon-bu, the capital of former Balhae were forcibly moved to Royang-hun, Seonhayng-hyun, Hakya-hyun, Seokmokhyun, and Hongro-hyun in Donggyeong Yoyang-bu, and some residents were forcibly moved to the regions of Ho-ju and Bal-ju. It is considered that the Ro-ju, Cheol-ju, and Heung-ju, the adminstrative districts of Junggyeong Hyunduk-bu might have the same names with Nation Khitan’s regions, and Sung-ju under the Nation Khitan might mistakenly been written the Yeongju under the Nation Balhae. Gyeong-ju in Donggyeong Yongwonbu changed its name into Gae-ju under the Nation Khitan, and the 3 states of Yeom-ju, Mok-ju and Ha-ju remanied their names. Shin-ju in Seogyeong Aprok-bu changed its name into Rok-ju under the Nation Khitan, and the rest s3tates of Whan-ju, Pung-ju and Jeong-ju remained their names. Ok-ju in Namgyoeng Namhae-bu was changed its name to Hae-ju under the Nation Khitan, and the both states of Yo-ju and Bin-hu governed by Hae-ju were the names changed from Cho-ju and Cheong-ju governed by Namgyeong Namhae-bu. Besides the 5 gyeongs, the both states of Su-ju and Sin-hu were the regions where the Balhae residents living lived in Hhoiwon-bu under the Nation Balhae were forcibly moved into, and the residnets in 3 states specially managed by the Nation Balhae were forcibly moved to Yeongju, Dong-ju, and Sok-ju. Jus and Hyuns written in form of former 00 hyun or simply a former hyun not being writing the deportation period in the geographic book 『The Khitans’ History』 are considered as the jus and hyuns at the time when the residents of Nation Dongran were forcibly moved. But only it is very possible that forcibly moved houses(戶) might be the ruling groups of each Bu(府), Ju(州) or Hyun(縣), and even though the number of forcibly moved houses(Ho) might be composed of all Balhae people, they couldn’t be considered the number of total houses in each Bu, Ju or Hyun.

Optimizing the Circuit of a Pulsatile Extracorporeal Life Support System in Terms of Energy Equivalent Pressure and Surplus Hemodynamic Energy

Lim, Choon Hak,Yang, Sung,Choi, Jae-Wook,Sun, Kyung Blackwell Publishing Inc 2009 Artificial Organs Vol.33 No.11

<P>Abstract: </P><P>The nonpulsatile blood flow obtained using standard cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits is still generally considered an acceptable, nonphysiologic compromise with few disadvantages. However, numerous reports have concluded that pulsatile perfusion during CPB achieves better multiorgan response postoperatively. Furthermore, pulsatile flow during CPB has been consistently recommended in pediatric and high-risk patients. However, most (80%) of the total hemodynamic energy generated by a pulsatile pump is absorbed by the components of the extracorporeal circuit and only a small portion of the pulsatile energy is delivered to the patient. Therefore, we considered that optimizations of CPB unit and extracorporeal life support (ECLS) system circuit components were needed to deliver sufficient pulsatile flow. In addition, energy equivalent pressure, surplus hemodynamic energy, and total hemodynamic energy, calculated using pressure and flow waveforms, were used to evaluate the pulsatilities of pulsatile CPB and ECLS systems.</P>

Self-Organized Grafting of Carbon Nanotubes by End-Functionalized Polymers

Sun Hwa Lee,Ji Sun Park,Chong Min Koo,Bo Kyung Lim,Sang Ouk Kim 한국고분자학회 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.3

Factors Associated with Insulin Resistance in a Middle-Aged Non-Obese Rural Population: The Chungju Metabolic Disease Cohort (CMC) Study

Sun Young Lim,Hee Sung Ha,권혁상,이진희,임현우,윤건호,이원철,손호영,박용문 한국역학회 2011 Epidemiology and Health Vol.33 No.-

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the characteristics affecting insulin resistance in non-obese middle-aged adults in a rural community. METHODS: A total of 1,270 non-diabetic adults aged between 40 and 64 years old with body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2 were analyzed. Subjects with insulin resistance were defined as those who had the highest quartile value of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a non-diabetic population. RESULTS: A total of 217 subjects (20.6%) had insulin resistance. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in insulin-resistant subjects in both men (29.3% vs. 10.3%) and women (34.1% vs. 15.6%). Among metabolic syndrome components, elevated waist circumference and elevated triglyceride were higher in insulin-resistant subjects in both genders. After being controlled for socioeconomic status and lifestyle related covariates, the association between insulin resistance and BMI was statistically significant in the category of 23.0-24.9 kg/m2 in men (adjusted OR, 4.63; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.77-12.15) using the category of 18.5-20.9 kg/m2 as a reference. In addition, the association between insulin resistance and abdominal obesity was statistically significant only for men (adjusted OR, 2.57; 95%CI, 1.29-5.11). CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance appears to be highly associated with high BMI and abdominal obesity, even in non-obese, non-diabetic middle-aged men.

A Tunable-Transmission Sagnac Interferometer Using an Optical Microfiber

Lim, Sun Do,Lee, Sun-Goo,Lee, Kwanil,Lee, Sang Bae IOP Publishing 2010 Japanese journal of applied physics Vol.49 No.r8

The effect of alpha lipoic acid in a porcine in-stent restenosis model

Lim, Sang Yup,Bae, Eun Hui,Jeong, Myung Ho,Kim, Ju Han,Hong, Young Joon,Sim, Doo Sun,Kim, Yong Sook,Park, In Kyu,Ahn, Youngkeun,Song, Sun-Jung,Cho, Dong Lyun,Kim, Kyoung Seok,Kang, Jung Chaee Elsevier 2009 Journal of cardiology Vol.54 No.3

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) on a porcine in-stent restenosis (ISR) model.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>In protocol 1, porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC) were stimulated by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the presence or absence of α-LA. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and western blotting were used to determine the cell growth inhibitory rate and anti-inflammatory effect associated with nuclear factor-κb (NF-κb) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In protocol 2, 28 days after balloon overdilation injuries, 24 bare metal stents were placed in coronary artery of 12 pigs. The pigs were randomly divided to receive control diet with or without α-LA (100mg/kg). In protocol 3, 8 control stents and 8 α-LA coated stents were randomly implanted in 2 coronary arteries of 8 pigs and follow-up coronary angiogram and histopathologic assessment were performed 4 weeks after stenting.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Protocol 1. The proliferation of PVSMC was inhibited and protein expression of NF-κb and ERK were attenuated by α-LA pretreatment. Protocol 2<I>.</I> On histopathologic analysis, the neointimal area (4.0±1.0mm<SUP>2</SUP> vs. 1.5±0.7mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I><0.001) and histopathologic area of stenosis (66.7±10.7% vs. 24.2±9.7%, <I>p</I><0.001) were reduced in the α-LA feeding group compared to controls. Protocol 3. On histopathologic analysis, the neointimal area (3.9±0.8mm<SUP>2</SUP> vs. 1.0±0.4mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I><0.001), and the histopathologic area of stenosis (67.1±8.8% vs. 17.4±10.0%, <I>p</I><0.001) were reduced in the α-LA coated stent group compared to the control stent group.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>α-LA feeding and α-LA coated stents inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in porcine ISR, possibly through inhibiting the activation of NF-κb pathway and proliferation of PVSMC.</P>

Loss of β2-spectrin prevents cardiomyocyte differentiation and heart development

Lim, Jeong A.,Baek, Hye Jung,Jang, Moon Sun,Choi, Eun Kyoung,Lee, Yong Min,Lee, Sang Jin,Lim, Sung Chul,Kim, Joo Young,Kim, Tae Hyun,Kim, Hye Sun,Mishra, Lopa,Kim, Sang Soo Oxford University Press 2014 Cardiovascular research Vol.101 No.1

<P><B>Aims</B></P><P>β2-Spectrin is an actin-binding protein that plays an important role in membrane integrity and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling pathway as an adaptor for Smads. Loss of β2-spectrin in mice (<I>Spnb2<SUP>−/−</SUP></I>) results in embryonic lethality with gastrointestinal, liver, neural, and heart abnormalities that are similar to those in <I>Smad2<SUP>+/−</SUP>Smad3<SUP>+/−</SUP></I> mice. However, to date, the role of β2-spectrin in embryogenesis, particularly in heart development, has been poorly delineated. Here, we demonstrated that β2-spectrin is required for the survival and differentiation of cardiomyocytes, and its loss resulted in defects in heart development with failure of ventricular wall thickening.</P><P><B>Methods and results</B></P><P>Disruption of β2-spectrin in primary muscle cells not only inhibited TGF-β/Smad signalling, but also reduced the expression of the cardiomyocyte differentiation markers Nkx2.5, dystrophin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, cytoskeletal networks of dystrophin, F-actin, and α-SMA in cardiomyocytes were disorganized upon loss of β2-spectrin. In addition, deletion of β2-spectrin in mice (<I>Spnb2<SUP>tm1a/tm1a</SUP></I>) prevented proper development of the heart in association with disintegration of dystrophin structure and markedly reduced survival.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These data suggest that β2-spectrin deficiency leads to inactivation of TGF-β/Smad signalling and contributes to dysregulation of the cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, and the cytoskeletal network, and it leads to defective heart development. Our data demonstrate that β2-spectrin is required for proper development of the heart and that disruption of β2-spectrin is a potential underlying cause of congenital heart defects.</P>

Multifunctional Hybrid Fabrics with Thermally Stable Superhydrophobicity

Lim, Ho Sun,Baek, Ji Hye,Park, Kyungmin,Shin, Hwa Sung,Kim, Jooyong,Cho, Jeong Ho WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Materials Vol.22 No.19

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Thermally stable superhydrophobic fabrics with multifunctionality were fabricated through the combination of sol–gel chemistry and electrospinning. MTES sols were electrospun into fibers, in which fiber morphology was controlled by the gelation time. The resulting superhydrophobic fabrics are not only very stable and heat-resistant but perform with high filtration efficiency, enabling emerging applications for smart materials and devices. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903074-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903074-content'> </P>

Coal Fly Ash Amendment Reduced Soil Carbon Loss in Temperate Rice Paddy

Sang-Sun Lim,Han-Yong Kim,Scott X. Chang,Muhammad A. Arshad,Woo-Jung Choi 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6