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Recording nerve signals in canine sciatic nerves with a flexible penetrating microelectrode array
Byun, Donghak,Cho, Sung-Joon,Lee, Byeong Han,Min, Joongkee,Lee, Jong-Hyun,Kim, Sohee IOP 2017 Journal of neural engineering Vol.14 No.4
<P> <I>Objective</I>. Previously, we presented the fabrication and characterization of a flexible penetrating microelectrode array (FPMA) as a neural interface device. In the present study, we aim to prove the feasibility of the developed FPMA as a chronic intrafascicular recording tool for peripheral applications. <I>Approach</I>. For recording from the peripheral nerves of medium-sized animals, the FPMA was integrated with an interconnection cable and other parts that were designed to fit canine sciatic nerves. The uniformity of tip exposure and <I>in vitro</I> electrochemical properties of the electrodes were characterized. The capability of the device to acquire <I>in vivo</I> electrophysiological signals was evaluated by implanting the FPMA assembly in canine sciatic nerves acutely as well as chronically for 4 weeks. We also examined the histology of implanted tissues to evaluate the damage caused by the device. <I>Main results</I>. Throughout recording sessions, we observed successful multi-channel recordings (up to 73% of viable electrode channels) of evoked afferent and spontaneous nerve unit spikes with high signal quality (SNR > 4.9). Also, minor influences of the device implantation on the morphology of nerve tissues were found. <I>Significance</I>. The presented results demonstrate the viability of the developed FPMA device in the peripheral nerves of medium-sized animals, thereby bringing us a step closer to human applications. Furthermore, the obtained data provide a driving force toward a further study for device improvements to be used as a bidirectional neural interface in humans.</P>
( Sang Woo Lee ),( Seung Hyun Cheong ),( Ji Yeon Byun ),( You Won Choi ),( Hae Young Choi ),( Ki Bum Myung ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.3s
Generalized granuloma annulare (GGA) is a rare benign granulomatous dermatosis characterized by disseminated necrobiotic dermal papules. Histologically, it presents as a lymphohistiocytic granuloma associated with varying degrees of connective tissue degeneration. It usually occurs in adults and rarely affects infants. Herein, we report an interesting case of GGA which occurred in a 3 month-old girl in association with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. (Ann Dermatol 23(S3) S319~S321, 2011)
( Sang Jun Suh ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Sun Jae Lee ),( Hyun Jung Lee ),( Eileen L. Yoon ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Kwan Soo Byun ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: Current guidelines suggest the criteria for discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) in selected patients. However treatment induced virological response is not permanent. Aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical significance of HBsAg titer in predicting sustained virologic response after NA therapy discontinuation. Methods: From Jun 1998 to Dec 2010, medical record of 81 chronic hepatitis B patients who discontinued NA was analyzed retrospectively. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was arbitrarily defined as undetectable HBV DNA by real-time PCR(with lower limit of detection of 116 copies/mL, 20 IU/mL) persisted more than 12 months after treatment discontinuation. Results: Median age was 51 years, 54 (67%) patients were male, and 50 (62%)patients were HBeAg positive. Median baseline ALT, HBV DNA and HBsAg were 292 IU/mL, 7.1log10 IU/mL and 3.3log10 IU/mL. NA were lamivudine (n=53), adefovir (n=15), lamivudine combined with adefovir (n=4), and entecavir (n=9). Median treatment duration and follow-up period were 26 and 27 months. 11/81 (14%) patients had SVR. The cumulative relapse rates were 37/81 (46%) at 6 months and 42/81 (52%) 12 months after treatment discontinuation. The baseline ALT, HBV DNA and presence of HBeAg were not different between patients with or without SVR. In univariate analysis, age, treatment duration and HBsAg level at treatment discontinuation were different in patients with or without SVR; 51 vs. 43 years, p=0.033; 53 vs. 25 months, p=0.011; 2.1 vs. 3.3log10 IU/mL, p=0.003. In multivariate analysis, only HBsAg level at treatment discontinuation remained as an independent factor associated with SVR (p=0.019). The cutoff value of HBsAg level <2log10 IU/mL was predictive of SVR [(AUROC, 0.991; 95% confidence interval[CI], 0.000-1.000; p<0.05); sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 93%; positive predictive value, 69%; negative predictive value, 100%]. Conclusions: Large proportion of patients treated with oral antivirals relapsed after the treatment discontinuation. In the decision of the treatment discontinuation, HBsAg level <2log10 IU/mL at treatment discontinuation can predict sustained viral suppression in selected patients.
Byun, Mi Ran,Kim, Cheol Hyun,Lee, Ho Sub,Choi, Jin Woo,Lee, Sang Kwan Elsevier 2019 Phytochemistry Vol.164 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Repositioning of plant extracts and chemical drugs can accelerate drug development. However, its success rate may depend on what the clue is for the repositioning. Recently, repositioning based on correction of unwarranted gene expression pattern has suggested the possibility of new drug development. Here, we designed a similar method for the repositioning of nutraceutical ginseng (<I>Panax ginseng</I> C.A.Mey.), which is one of the most validated natural therapeutic products for various diseases. We analyzed ginseng-induced gene expression profiles using the connectivity map algorithm, which is a database that connects diseases, chemical drugs, and gene expression. Ginseng was predicted to show the same effects as those of topoisomerase I inhibitors. In a subsequent <I>in vitro</I> assay, ginseng extract unwound coiled or supercoiled DNA, an effect comparable to that of the topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin. Furthermore, ginseng extract induced synthetic lethality with suppression of the Werner syndrome gene. The collected data implicate ginseng as a candidate antitumor agent owing to its topoisomerase I inhibitory activity and further validate the usefulness of differentially expressed gene similarity-based repurposing of other natural products.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A functional similarity between natural extracts and already known drugs was analyzed based on gene expression patterns. </LI> <LI> Target of natural products can be predicted by such an analysis. </LI> <LI> <I>Panax ginseng</I>extract intervenes topoisomerase I activity as effectively as the professional inhibitors like camptothecin. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>- Gene expression patterns between ginseng and other chemical drugs was compared. - The analysis revealed inhibitory effect of ginseng against topoisomerase I activity.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Byun, Eui‐,Baek,Park, Sang‐,Hyun,Jang, Beom‐,Su,Sung, Nak‐,Yun,Byun, Eui‐,Hong John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2016 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.96 No.2
<P>BACKGROUNDThis study was designed to evaluate the antitumor activity of low-molecular-weight beta-glucan (LMBG) produced by gamma irradiation (50 kGy), using in vivo and in vitro models. RESULTSThe results indicate that treatment with LMBG increased the proliferation of murine peritoneal macrophages, and their production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide, to a greater extent than treatment with high-molecular-weight beta-glucan (HMBG). The activation of peritoneal macrophages by LMBG was mediated by both mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Interestingly, when administered prophylactically, LMBG significantly inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice injected with B16BL6 melanoma cells compared with the HMBG-treated group. In comparison with HMBG treatment, LMBG treatment also elevated cell proliferation, cytokine (interferon-gamma and interleukin-2) production, and CD8(+) T cell populations in splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONThese data indicate that LMBG is important in eliciting antitumor activity through a non-specific immune response and may play a major role as a value-added product in the medical industry. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry</P>