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Analysis of the Semantic Answer Types to Understand the Limitations of MRQA Models
Doyeon Lim(임도연),Haritz Puerto San Roman(아리츠 푸에르토 산 로만),Sung-Hyon Myaeng(맹성현) 한국정보과학회 2020 정보과학회논문지 Vol.47 No.3
최근 MRQA 모델들의 성능이 인간을 넘어섰다. 그리하여 MRQA 모델의 새로운 가능성들을 찾기 위해 새로운 데이터 셋들이 소개되고 있다. 하지만, 이전 MRQA모델들이 어떤 유형에서 문제를 잘풀고 어떤 한계점이 있는지 자세한 분석을 통해 새로운 데이터셋을 제시하는 경우는 거의 없었다. 이 연구에서는 MRQA가 극복했다고 여겨지는 SQuAD 데이터 셋을 분석하여 MRQA가 언어를 이해한 것이 아니라 특정한 패턴을 찾아냈다는 것을 밝혀낸다. 이 과정에서 기존 QA데이터 셋에서 주로 등장하는 wh-word와 Lexical Answer Type (LAT) 정보에 많은 모델들이 특히 집중하고 있다는 것을 밝히고, 그 때문에 질의와 문서의 정보를 충분히 이해하지 못하고 있다는 것을 정성, 정량적인 수치로 보였다. 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 앞으로 MRQA의 데이터셋의 방향과 모델들이 극복해야할 한계점을 제시하였다. Recently, the performance of Machine Reading Question Answering (MRQA) models has surpassed humans on datasets such as SQuAD. For further advances in MRQA techniques, new datasets are being introduced. However, they are rarely based on a deep understanding of the QA capabilities of the existing models tested on the previous datasets. In this study, we analyze the SQuAD dataset quantitatively and qualitatively to demonstrate how the MRQA models answer the questions. It turns out that the current MRQA models rely heavily on the use of wh-words and Lexical Answer Types (LAT) in the questions instead of using the meanings of the entire questions and the evidence documents. Based on this analysis, we present the directions for new datasets so that they can facilitate the advancement of current QA techniques centered around the MRQA models.
INFLUENCE OF SHOCK ABSORBER WEARING ON VEHICLE BRAKE PERFORMANCE
Jose A. Calvo,José L. San Roman,Daniel García-Pozuelo 한국자동차공학회 2008 International journal of automotive technology Vol.9 No.4
In order to safely maintain a vehicle, it is necessary to verify the most important systems that affect safety during Periodic Motor Vehicle Inspections (PMVIs). In a previous paper, a test method and validation criteria were suggested by the authors to verify shock absorber status during PMVIs, as they are a fundamental component that may wear out during a vehicle's life. In this paper, variations of the performance of the vehicle's brakes resulting from shock absorber wearing have been analyzed, in order to confirm whether the suggested criteria is valid for taking into account longitudinal forces and pitch movement on the vehicle. A simulation-based study was conducted with several configurations of a worn damper on a vehicle driving on two virtual roads: smooth and undulating. The results confirmed that the damping coefficient established as an acceptable value to verify the shock absorber status in PMVIs is also valid considering the forces involved in a braking maneuver.
Real-World Treatment Patterns among Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer in South Korea
Gebra Cuyun Carter,Anna Kaltenboeck,Jasmina Ivanova,Astra M Liepa,Alexandra San Roman,Maria Koh,Narayan Rajan,Rebecca Cheng,Howard G. Birnbaum,김종석,방영주 대한암학회 2017 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.49 No.3
Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand patient treatment patterns, outcomes, and healthcare resource use in cases of metastatic and/or locally recurrent, unresectable gastric cancer (MGC) in South Korea. Materials and Methods Thirty physicians reviewed charts of eligible patients to collect de-identified data. Patients must have received platinum/fluoropyrimidine first-line therapy followed by second-line therapy or best supportive care, had no other primary cancer, and not participated in a clinical trial following MGC diagnosis. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Kaplan- Meier analysis was used to describe survival. Results Of 198 patients, 73.7% were male, 78.3% were diagnosed with MGC after age 55 (mean, 61.3 years), and 47.0% were current or former smokers. The majority of tumors were located in the antrum/pylorus (51.5%). Metastatic sites most often occurred in the peritoneum (53.5%), lymph nodes (47.5%), and liver (38.9%). At diagnosis, the mean Charlson comorbidity index was 0.4 (standard deviation, 0.6). The most common comorbidities were chronic gastritis (22.7%) and cardiovascular disease (18.7%). Most patients (80.3%) received second- line treatment. Single-agent fluoropyrimidine was reported for 22.0% of patients, while 19.5% were treated with irinotecan and a fluoropyrimidine or platinum agent. The most common physician-reported symptoms during second-line treatment were nausea/vomiting (44.7%) and pain (11.3%), with antiemetics (44.7%), analgesics (36.5%), and nutritional support (11.3%) most often used as supportive care. Two-thirds of inpatient hospitalizations were for chemotherapy infusion. Outpatient hospitalization (31.6%) and visits to the oncologist (58.8%) were common among second-line patients. Conclusion Most patients received second-line treatment, although regimens varied. Understanding MGC patient characteristics and treatment patterns in South Korea will help address unmet needs.
Meichtry, Jorge M.,Rivera, Veronica,Di Iorio, Yesica,Rodriguez, Hernan B.,Roman, Enrique San,Grela, Maria A.,Litter, Marta I. Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.5
Hydroxoaluminiumtricarboxymonoamide phthalocyanine (AlTCPc) adsorbed at different loadings on $TiO_2$ Degussa P-25 was tested for Cr(VI) photocatalytic reduction under visible irradiation in the presence of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as sacrificial donor. A rapid reaction takes place in spite of the presumable aggregation of the dye on the $TiO_2$ surface. The removal of Cr(VI) is fairly negligible under visible-light irradiation, either without photocatalyst or in the presence of bare $TiO_2$. The fast capture of conduction band electrons by Cr(VI), which forms a surface complex with $TiO_2$, inhibits the formation of reactive oxygen species in the reductive pathway. This fact and the easier oxidation of 4-CP as compared to AlTCPc hinder the photobleaching of the dye and make feasible Cr(VI) reduction under visible irradiation. The consumption of Cr(VI) follows a pseudo-first order kinetics; the decay constant depends, in the studied range, on the photocatalyst mass, but it is barely affected by dye loading. The presence of 4-CP is essential, but its concentration has no effect on the Cr(VI) decay rate. Oxidation products of 4-CP, such as hydroquinone, catechol or benzoquinone, are not observed. Direct evidence of the one-electron reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(V) was obtained by EPR spectroscopy using citric acid as Cr(V) trapping agent. In this case, disappearance of Cr(V) also follows a first order decay, but conduction band electrons do not seem to be involved. The fact that oxidation products of 4-CP are not observed is consistent with the fast dark removal of reaction intermediates by Cr(V), proved by EPR.
The <i>Gaia</i>-ESO survey: the inner disk intermediate-age open cluster NGC 6802
Tang, B.,Geisler, D.,Friel, E.,Villanova, S.,Smiljanic, R.,Casey, A. R.,Randich, S.,Magrini, L.,San Roman, I.,Muñ,oz, C.,Cohen, R. E.,Mauro, F.,Bragaglia, A.,Donati, P.,Tautvaiš,ien*error*& Springer-Verlag 2017 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.601 No.-