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A Model to Explain Temperature Dependent Systemic Infection of Potato Plants by Potato virus Y
Choi, Kyung San,Toro, Francisco del,Tenllado, Francisco,Canto, Tomas,Chung, Bong Nam The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.2
The effect of temperature on the rate of systemic infection of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Chu-Baek) by Potato virus Y (PVY) was studied in growth chambers. Systemic infection of PVY was observed only within the temperature range of $16^{\circ}C$ to $32^{\circ}C$. Within this temperature range, the time required for a plant to become infected systemically decreased from 14 days at $20^{\circ}C$ to 5.7 days at $28^{\circ}C$. The estimated lower thermal threshold was $15.6^{\circ}C$ and the thermal constant was 65.6 degree days. A systemic infection model was constructed based on experimental data, using the infection rate (Lactin-2 model) and the infection distribution (three-parameter Weibull function) models, which accurately described the completion rate curves to systemic infection and the cumulative distributions obtained in the PVY-potato system, respectively. Therefore, this model was useful to predict the progress of systemic infections by PVY in potato plants, and to construct the epidemic models.
Kinetic modeling of sorption–desorption cycles for phenol removal with a cyclodextrin polymer
Francisco J. Peñas,Ana Romo,José R. Isasi,María J. San José,Sonia Alvarez 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.75 No.-
This paper examines the long-term application of a cyclodextrin hydrogel sorbent in multiple sorption–desorption cycles. Aqueous phenol was the target pollutant, whilst methanol, ethanol and isopropanolwere chosen as eluents. The experimental results were well described by empirical models: thebreakthrough curves by a two-parameter dose–response equation, and the elution curves by a pulsepeakequation with two independent parameters. The differences in polarity of solvents producedsorbent fragmentation, particularly marked for isopropanol and considerably lower for methanol, andtherefore a progressive increase in mass-transfer coefficients. In addition, a dual approach was developedfrom the proposed breakthrough model to address the mass transport of sorbate within the packed beds. Thefirst one defines an average mass-transfer coefficient as representative for each complete sorptioncycle, whereas a time-profile of this coefficient is deduced in the second method. A sorption capacity of29.6 mg-phenol/g-sorbent was found in the working conditions.
Usefulness of Pharmacogenetic Analysis in Psychiatric Clinical Practice: A Case Report
Manuel A. Franco-Martin,Francisco Sans,Belen García-Berrocal,Cristina Blanco,Carlos Llanes-Alvarez,María Isidoro-García 대한정신약물학회 2018 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.3
There are many factors involved in the effectiveness and efficiency of psychiatric drug treatment. One of them is psychotropic drug metabolism, which takes place mostly in the liver through the P450 enzyme system. However, there are genotypic variants of this system’s enzymes that can directly affect both the efficacy and the onset of side effects of a given therapeutic regimen. These genotypic changes could partly explain the lack of efficacy of treatment in certain patients. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with bipolar type I disorder that presented multiple and frequent manic episodes in which the efficacy and tolerability of several pharmacological regimens with mood stabilizers and antipsychotics was scarce. The choice of medical treatment should be based on its efficacy and side effect profile. This decision can be made more accurately using the information provided by pharmacogenetic analysis. This case illustrates the importance of pharmacogenetic studies in clinical practice. The results of pharmacogenetic analysis helped to decide on a better treatment plan to achieve clinical improvement and reduce drug-induced adverse effects.
Chung, Bong Nam,Canto, Tomas,Tenllado, Francisco,Choi, Kyung San,Joa, Jae Ho,Ahn, Jeong Joon,Kim, Chun Hwan,Do, Ki Seck The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.4
We examined the effects of temperature on acquisition of Potato virus Y-O (PVY-O), Potato virus A (PVA), and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) by Myzus persicae by performing transmission tests with aphids that acquired each virus at different temperatures. Infection by PVY-O/PVA and PLRV increased with increasing plant temperature in Nicotiana benthamiana and Physalis floridana, respectively, after being transmitted by aphids that acquired them within a temperature range of $10-20^{\circ}C$. However, infection rates subsequently decreased. Direct qRT-PCR of RNA extracted from a single aphid showed that PLRV infection increased in the $10-20^{\circ}C$ range, but this trend also declined shortly thereafter. We examined the effect of temperature on establishment of virus infection. The greatest number of plants became infected when N. benthamiana was held at $20^{\circ}C$ after inoculation with PVY-O or PVA. The largest number of P. floridana plants became infected with PLRV when the plants were maintained at $25^{\circ}C$. PLRV levels were highest in P. floridana kept at $20-25^{\circ}C$. These results indicate that the optimum temperatures for proliferation of PVY-O/PVA and PLRV differed. Western blot analysis showed that accumulations of PVY-O and PVA coat proteins (CPs) were lower at $10^{\circ}C$ or $15^{\circ}C$ than at $20^{\circ}C$ during early infection. However, accumulation increased over time. At $25^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$, the CPs of both viruses accumulated during early infection but disappeared as time passed. Our results suggest that symptom attenuation and reduction of PVY-O and PVA CP accumulation at higher temperatures appear to be attributable to increased RNA silencing.
Saranya Ganapathy,Megha N. Parajulee,Michael San Francisco,Hong Zhang,Shan L. Bilimoria 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.1
Insect pests are a serious threat to agricultural productivity. Genetically-modifed crops ofer a promising alternative, and Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin genes have played a major role in this respect. However, to overcome insect tolerance issues and to broaden the target range, it is critical to identify alternative insecticidal toxins working through novel mechanisms. In our previous study, a kinase from Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) that has insecticidal activity was identifed and designated as Iridovirus Serine/Threonine Kinase (ISTK). A 35 kDa truncated form of ISTK, designated iridoptin, was obtained during expression and purifcation of ISTK in the yeast system. This yeast-expressed CIV toxin induced 50% mortality in cotton aphids and 100% mortality in green peach aphids (GPA). In this study, codon optimized ISTK gene and iridoptin fragment (designated oISTK and oIRI, respectively) were designed by altering the codon usage features that are seldom present in plant exons. Codon-optimized gene(s) cloned into plant expression vectors were used to stably transform Arabidopsis plants. PCR analysis of genomic DNA of transformed plants confrmed the presence of the DNA insert (oISTK/oIRI) in selected transgenic lines. Further screening was performed by selecting the PCR positive lines, which showed expression of respective toxins at the polypeptide level, using Western blot analyses. Codon-optimized gene constructs resulted in signifcant improvement in levels of expression of ISTK and iridoptin polypeptide and confrmed its stability in planta. The stable lines expressing either of the two toxin forms induced moderate to very high mortality in GPAs and signifcantly afected GPA development and fecundity.
Genome Sequence of the Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium Dickeya dadantii 3937
Glasner, J. D.,Yang, C.-H.,Reverchon, S.,Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat, N.,Condemine, G.,Bohin, J.-P.,Van Gijsegem, F.,Yang, S.,Franza, T.,Expert, D.,Plunkett, G.,San Francisco, M. J.,Charkowski, A. O.,Py, American Society for Microbiology 2011 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.193 No.8