An Efcient Tracking of MPP in PV Systems Using a Newly‑Formulated P&O‑MPPT Method Under Varying Irradiation Levels

Mazen Abdel‑Salam,Mohamed Th. El‑Mohandes,Mahmoud El‑Ghazaly 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.1

This paper proposes a newly-formulated Perturb and Observe (P&O) method for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in PV systems. The new formulation considers the efect of solar irradiation level on tracking the maximum power point (MPP). The formulated P&O method is tested under standard test condition (STC) to achieve tracking efciency 99.98% against 98.4% for the conventional P&O method, 99.5% for the improved and 99.85 for the adaptive versions of the P&O method irrespective of the location of the initial operating point to the right or left of the MPP. The higher the tracking efciency, the closer is the operation of the PV module to the MPP with a subsequent capture of maximum electric energy available in the incident solar radiation. At constant irradiation level, the tracking efciency reaches 99.98% for the formulated method against 98.4% for the conventional P&O and 83.6–98.5% for the improved and adaptive versions. The amplitude of output power oscillations around the MPP is reduced to 0.05% of its average value for the formulated method against 1.02% for the conventional P&O, 0.5% for the improved and 0.8% for the adaptive versions. Also, the smaller the oscillations’ amplitude, the closer is the operating point to the MPP. The proposed formulation of P&O tracks successfully the MPP under various conditions including the Ropp irradiation profle, step and ramp changes of irradiation level. However, the conventional P&O method fails to track the MPP under Ropp and ramp changes of irradiation level.

Bidirectional High-Frequency Link Inverter with Deadbeat Control

Salam, Zainal The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2009 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.9 No.5

This paper presents a Bidirectional High-Frequency Link (BHFL) inverter that utilizes the Deadbeat controller. The main features of this topology are the reduced size of the inverter and fewer power switches. On the secondary side of the transformer, the active rectifier employs only two power switches, thus reducing switching losses. Using this configuration, the inverter is capable of carrying a bidirectional power flow. The inverter is controlled by a Deadbeat controller, which consists of the inner current loop, outer voltage loop and a feedforward controller. Additional disturbance decoupling networks are employed to improve the system's robustness towards load variations. A 1-kVA prototype inverter has been constructed and the Deadbeat control algorithm is experimentally verified. The experimental results show that the inverter has high efficiency (91%) with low steady state output voltage total harmonics distortion (1.5%).

Detection Copy-Move Forgery in Image Via Quaternion Polar Harmonic Transforms

( Salam A. Thajeel ),( Ali Shakir Mahmood ),( Waleed Rasheed Humood ),( Ghazali Sulong ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.8

Copy-move forgery (CMF) in digital images is a detrimental tampering of artefacts that requires precise detection and analysis. CMF is performed by copying and pasting a part of an image into other portions of it. Despite several efforts to detect CMF, accurate identification of noise, blur and rotated region-mediated forged image areas is still difficult. A novel algorithm is developed on the basis of quaternion polar complex exponential transform (QPCET) to detect CMF and is conducted involving a few steps. Firstly, the suspicious image is divided into overlapping blocks. Secondly, invariant features for each block are extracted using QPCET. Thirdly, the duplicated image blocks are determined using k-dimensional tree (kd-tree) block matching. Lastly, a new technique is introduced to reduce the flat region-mediated false matches. Experiments are performed on numerous images selected from the CoMoFoD database. MATLAB 2017b is used to employ the proposed method. Metrics such as correct and false detection ratios are utilised to evaluate the performance of the proposed CMF detection method. Experimental results demonstrate the precise and efficient CMF detection capacity of the proposed approach even under image distortion including rotation, scaling, additive noise, blurring, brightness, colour reduction and JPEG compression. Furthermore, our method can solve the false match problem and outperform existing ones in terms of precision and false positive rate. The proposed approach may serve as a basis for accurate digital image forensic investigations.

A Review: Synthesis and characterization of metals complexes with paracetamol drug

Salam R AL-Ayash,Taghreed H AL-Noor 한국분석과학회 2022 분석과학 Vol.35 No.4

In this review, previous studies on the synthesis and characterization of the metal Complexes with paracetamol by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, (IR, NMR and UV-Vis (spectroscopy and conductivity. In reviewing these studies, the authors found that paracetamol can be coordinated through the pair of electrons on the hydroxyl O-atom, carbonyl O-atom, and N-atom of the amide group. If the paracetamol was a monodentate ligand, it will be coordinated by one of the following atoms O-hydroxyl, O-carbonyl or N-amide. But if the paracetamol was bidentate, it is coordinated by atoms (O-carbonyl and N-amide), (O-hydroxyl and N-amide) or (O-carbonyl and O-hydroxyl). The authors also found that free paracetamol and its complexes have antimicrobial activity.

Damage detection from the variation of parameter matrices estimated by incomplete FRF data

Salam Rahmatalla,은희창,이은택 국제구조공학회 2012 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.9 No.1

It is not easy to experimentally obtain the FRF (Frequency Response Function) matrix corresponding to a full set of DOFs (degrees of freedom) for a dynamic system. Utilizing FRF data measured at specific positions, with DOFs less than that of the system, as constraints to describe a damaged system, this study identifies parameter matrices such as mass, stiffness and damping matrices of the system, and provides a damage identification method from their variations. The proposed parameter identification method is compared to Lee and Kim’s method and Fritzen’s method. The validity of the proposed damage identification method is illustrated in a simple dynamic system.

Measuring the Impact of Industrial Loans on the Contribution of the Industrial Sector to Iraq’s GDP for the Period (2003-2019) Using the Angel-Kranger Method

Salam Mounam Zamil,Hatem Kareem Balhawi,Ghalib Shaker Bahit 대한산업공학회 2023 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.22 No.1

Determination of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Heavy Metals Present in Spilanthes acmella Hutch and Dalz: Possible Health Effects

Salam Bhopen Singh,Kamal Singh,Sandeep Singh Butola,Suraj Rawat,Kusum Arunachalam 한국생약학회 2020 Natural Product Sciences Vol.26 No.1

The study was conducted for quantitive determination of macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metals present in Spilanthes acmella Hutch and Dalz, a traditionally used important medicinal plant. The results illustrated the presence of substantial amounts of essential nutrient elements in different parts of the plant. K and Mg were detected in the range between 36.35 ± 1.01 to 67.78 ± 1.33 g/kg and 2.17 ± 0.13 to 7.02 ± 0.84 g/kg of DWS respectively. While the essential micronutrients Fe, Na, Mn, Zn and Cu were detected in the range between 62.62 ± 12.72 to 856.95 ± 76.61 mg/kg, 365.47 ± 23.84 to 633.03 ± 38.12 mg/kg, 51.66 ± 7.77 to 186.33 ± 13.92 mg/kg, 41.87 ± 2.85 to 53.89 ± 3.79 mg/kg and 18.49 ± 2.07 to 48.71 ± 4.89 mg/kg of DWS respectively. Besides, heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) detected in some of the plant samples were beyond the maximum permissible limit (MPL) of FAO/WHO for herbal medicines. The concentrations of the essential nutrient elements except zinc were significantly different in different parts of the plant (p < 0.001). Further variation in the concentrations of the elements in the plant was observed with respect to seasonal changes and geographical conditions. Nevertheless the findings corroborate ethnomedicinal significance of the plant and signify the possibilibity of utilizing its standardized products for preparation of food supplements as well as multidimensional therapeutic herbal medicines.

Numerical integration scheme to reduce the errors in the satisfaction of constrained dynamic equation

Salam Rahmatalla,이은택,은희창 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.4

Assuming that the existence of the constraints yields the change of the inertia force, this study derives the time-varying mass matrix for describing the constrained dynamic equation. It is displayed that the results corresponds with the ones by Udwadia and Kalaba. The numerical results obtained by integrating the constrained dynamic equation of second-order differential equations yield the errors in the satisfaction of the constraints. Modifying the derived dynamic equation this study presents a numerical algorithm to reduce the errors and to compute more precise motion. It is illustrated that the proposed method can be more precisely utilized in constrained mechanical systems through two applications of constrained nonlinear robotic systems.

Design and Implementation of a Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller for Boost Converters

Salam, Zainal,Taeed, Fazel,Ayob, Shahrin Md. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4

This paper describes the design and hardware implementation of a Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller (SIFLC) to regulate the output voltage of a boost power converter. The proposed controller is derived from the signed distance method, which reduces a multi-input conventional Fuzzy Logic Controller (CFLC) to a single input FLC. This allows the rule table to be approximated to a one-dimensional piecewise linear control surface. A MATLAB simulation demonstrated that the performance of a boost converter is identical when subjected to the SIFLC or a CFLC. However, the SIFLC requires nearly an order of magnitude less time to execute its algorithm. Therefore the former can replace the latter with no significant degradation in performance. To validate the feasibility of the SIFLC, a 50W boost converter prototype is built. The SIFLC algorithm is implemented using an Altera FPGA. It was found that the SIFLC with asymmetrical membership functions exhibits an excellent response to load and input reference changes.

Damage detection by the distribution of predicted constraint forces

Salam Rahmatalla,이은택,은희창 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.4

Damage causes the deterioration of dynamic and static performance of intact structures. Regarding the measured static displacement or modal displacement data as constraints for describing damaged responses, this study derives analytical equations to estimate constraint forces in the satisfaction of constraints. The constraint forces are forces required for describing the flexural shape of the damaged beam under static and dynamic loadings. Based on the concept that the occurrence of damage causes the change of force mechanism, this work proposes an analytical method to detect damage from the distribution of constraint forces. When compared to the displacement curvature and the frequency response function (FRF) curvature methods using 2% noise, the results have shown that the proposed method is less sensitive to noise and is more effective in detecting multiple damaged areas in the beam of short span length and their intensity at low levels of damage.