Structural Crack Detection Using Deep Learning: An In-depth Review

Safran Khan,Abdullah Jan,Suyoung Seo 대한원격탐사학회 2023 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.39 No.4

Crack detection in structures plays a vital role in ensuring their safety, durability, and reliability. Traditional crack detection methods sometimes need significant manual inspections, which are laborious,expensive, and prone to error by humans. Deep learning algorithms, which can learn intricate features from large-scale datasets, have emerged as a viable option for automated crack detection recently. This study presents an in-depth review of crack detection methods used till now, like image processing, traditional machine learning, anddeep learning methods. Specifically, it will provide a comparative analysis of crack detection methods usingdeep learning, aiming to provide insights into the advancements, challenges, and future directions in this field. To facilitate comparative analysis, this study surveys publicly available crack detection datasets and benchmarkscommonly used in deep learning research. Evaluation metrics employed to check the performance of differentmodels are discussed, with emphasis on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Moreover, this study providesan in-depth analysis of recent studies and highlights key findings, including state-of-the-art techniques, novelarchitectures, and innovative approaches to address the shortcomings of the existing methods. Finally, this studyprovides a summary of the key insights gained from the comparative analysis, highlighting the potential of deeplearning in revolutionizing methodologies for crack detection. The findings of this research will serve as a valuableresource for researchers in the field, aiding them in selecting appropriate methods for crack detection and inspiringfurther advancements in this domain.

Deep Learning-based Depth Map Estimation: A Review

Abdullah Jan,Safran Khan,서수영 대한원격탐사학회 2023 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

In this technically advanced era, we are surrounded by smartphones, computers, and cameras, whichhelp us to store visual information in 2D image planes. However, such images lack 3D spatial information aboutthe scene, which is very useful for scientists, surveyors, engineers, and even robots. To tackle such problems,depth maps are generated for respective image planes. Depth maps or depth images are single image metric whichcarries the information in three-dimensional axes, i.e., xyz coordinates, where z is the object’s distance from cameraaxes. For many applications, including augmented reality, object tracking, segmentation, scene reconstruction,distance measurement, autonomous navigation, and autonomous driving, depth estimation is a fundamental task. Much of the work has been done to calculate depth maps. We reviewed the status of depth map estimation usingdifferent techniques from several papers, study areas, and models applied over the last 20 years. We surveyeddifferent depth-mapping techniques based on traditional ways and newly developed deep-learning methods. Theprimary purpose of this study is to present a detailed review of the state-of-the-art traditional depth mappingtechniques and recent deep learning methodologies. This study encompasses the critical points of each methodfrom different perspectives, like datasets, procedures performed, types of algorithms, loss functions, and well-known evaluation metrics. Similarly, this paper also discusses the subdomains in each method, like supervised,unsupervised, and semi-supervised methods. We also elaborate on the challenges of different methods. At theconclusion of this study, we discussed new ideas for future research and studies in depth map research.

ADHD ACROSS THE LIFESPAN

Diane S,Safran 저,윤대영 역 한국미술치료학회 2004 한국미술치료학회 학술발표대회 Vol.11 No.-

Effect of Charge Inhomogeneity and Mobility on Colloid Aggregation

Jho, Y. S.,Safran, S. A.,In, M.,Pincus, P. A. American Chemical Society 2012 Langmuir Vol.28 No.22

<P>The aggregation of inhomogeneously charged colloids with the same average charge is analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations. We find aggregation of colloids for sizes in the range 10–200 nm, which is similar to the range in which aggregation is observed in several experiments. The attraction arises from the strongly correlated electrostatic interactions associated with the increase in the counterion density in the region between the particles; this effect is enhanced by the discreteness and mobility of the surface charges. Larger colloids attract more strongly when their surface charges are discrete. We study the aggregation as functions of the surface charge density, counterion valence, and volume fraction.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2012/langd5.2012.28.issue-22/la3009943/production/images/medium/la-2012-009943_0006.gif'></P>

A comparison of delayed versus immediate reconstruction following lower-extremity sarcoma resection

Zhou, Sarah,Azzi, Alain J,Safran, Tyler,Zadeh, Teanoosh Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2020 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.47 No.1

Background Identifying patients who may be at high risk for wound complications postsarcoma resection and reconstruction is essential for improving functional outcomes and quality of life. Currently, the effect of timing on sarcoma reconstruction has been poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of delayed and immediate reconstruction in the setting of sarcoma resection requiring flap reconstruction in the lower extremity. Methods A retrospective review of the senior author's sarcoma reconstruction patients from January 2005 to July 2017 was completed. All patients undergoing flap reconstruction of the lower extremity were included. Complications in the early postoperative period were compared between delayed and immediate reconstructive procedures. Results A total of 32 patients (7 delayed, 25 immediate) were included in this study. There was a significantly increased rate of overall complications (100% vs. 28.0%, P=0.001) and rate of hematomas (28.6% vs. 0.0%, P=0.042) in the delayed reconstruction group. Other complications including dehiscence, seroma, infection, venous thrombosis, and total/partial flap loss were also increased in the delayed reconstruction group, but this was not considered to be significant. Conclusions This study suggests that delayed reconstruction following sarcoma resection of the lower extremity had a higher incidence of overall complications and hematoma formation. We emphasize the importance of early plastic and reconstructive surgeon referral and the necessity to closely monitor delayed reconstruction patients for complications.

Lamellar phase coexistence induced by electrostatic interactions

Jho, Y. S.,Kim, M. W.,Safran, S. A.,Pincus, P. A. Springer-Verlag 2010 The European physical journal. E, Soft matter Vol.31 No.2

Prognostic Factor Analysis of Overall Survival in Gastric Cancer from Two Phase III Studies of Second-line Ramucirumab (REGARD and RAINBOW) Using Pooled Patient Data

Fuchs, Charles S.,Muro, Kei,Tomasek, Jiri,Van Cutsem, Eric,Cho, Jae Yong,Oh, Sang-Cheul,Safran, Howard,Bodoky, Gyorgy,Chau, Ian,Shimada, Yasuhiro,Al-Batran, Salah-Eddin,Passalacqua, Rodolfo,Ohtsu, Ats The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2017 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.17 No.2

Purpose: To identify baseline prognostic factors for survival in patients with disease progression, during or after chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. Materials and Methods: We pooled data from patients randomized between 2009 and 2012 in 2 phase III, global double-blind studies of ramucirumab for the treatment of advanced gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma following disease progression on first-line platinum- and/or fluoropyrimidine-containing therapy (REGARD and RAINBOW). Forty-one key baseline clinical and laboratory factors common in both studies were examined. Model building started with covariate screening using univariate Cox models (significance level=0.05). A stepwise multivariable Cox model identified the final prognostic factors (entry+exit significance level=0.01). Cox models were stratified by treatment and geographic region. The process was repeated to identify baseline prognostic quality of life (QoL) parameters. Results: Of 1,020 randomized patients, 953 (93%) patients without any missing covariates were included in the analysis. We identified 12 independent prognostic factors of poor survival: 1) peritoneal metastases; 2) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 1; 3) the presence of a primary tumor; 4) time to progression since prior therapy <6 months; 5) poor/unknown tumor differentiation; abnormally low blood levels of 6) albumin, 7) sodium, and/or 8) lymphocytes; and abnormally high blood levels of 9) neutrophils, 10) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 11) alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and/or 12) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Factors were used to devise a 4-tier prognostic index (median overall survival [OS] by risk [months]: high=3.4, moderate=6.4, medium=9.9, and low=14.5; Harrell's C-index=0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.68). Addition of QoL to the model identified patient-reported appetite loss as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: The identified prognostic factors and the reported prognostic index may help clinical decision-making, patient stratification, and planning of future clinical studies.

Prognostic Factor Analysis of Overall Survival in Gastric Cancer from Two Phase III Studies of Second-line Ramucirumab (REGARD and RAINBOW) Using Pooled Patient Data

Charles S. Fuchs,Kei Muro,Jiri Tomasek,Eric Van Cutsem,조재용,오상철,Howard Safran,György Bodoky,Ian Chau,Yasuhiro Shimada,Salah-Eddin Al-Batran,Rodolfo Passalacqua,Atsushi Ohtsu,Michael Emig,David Ferry,Ku 대한위암학회 2017 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.17 No.2

The identified prognostic factors and the reported prognostic index may help clinical decision-making, patient stratification, and planning of future clinical studies.

Exposure-Response Analyses of Ramucirumab from Two Randomized, Phase III Trials of Second-line Treatment for Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer

Tabernero, Josep,Ohtsu, Atsushi,Muro, Kei,Van Cutsem, Eric,Oh, Sang Cheul,Bodoky, Gyorgy,Shimada, Yasuhiro,Hironaka, Shuichi,Ajani, Jaffer A.,Tomasek, Jiri,Safran, Howard,Chandrawansa, Kumari,Hsu, Yan American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Molecular cancer therapeutics Vol.16 No.10

<P>Ramucirumab is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Ramucirumab, 8 mg/kg every 2 weeks, administered as monotherapy (REGARD) or in combination with paclitaxel (RAINBOW), was safe and effective in patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. We evaluated exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety relationships of ramucirumab from two randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trials. Sparse pharmacokinetic samples were collected, and a population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted to predict ramucirumab minimumtrough concentration at steady state (C-min,C-ss). Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the ramucirumab exposure (C-min,C-ss)-efficacy relationship to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate exposure-safety relationships. Analyses included 321 ramucirumab + paclitaxel and 335 placebo + paclitaxel patients from RAINBOW and 72 ramucirumab and 35 placebo patients from REGARD. Exposure-efficacy analysis showed ramucirumab C-min,C-ss was a significant predictor of OS and PFS in both trials. Higher ramucirumab exposure was associated with longer OS and PFS. In RAINBOW, grade >= 3 hypertension, leukopenia, and neutropenia, but not febrile neutropenia, significantly correlated with Cmin, ss, with increased exposure leading to increased incidence. Exploratory exposure-response analyses suggest a positive relationship between efficacy and ramucirumab exposure with manageable toxicities at exposures generated from a dose of 8 mg/kg ramucirumab given every 2 weeks for patients with advanced gastric/GEJ cancer. These findings suggest an opportunity to further optimize benefit versus risk profiles of ramucirumab treatment in patients with gastric/GEJ cancer. (C) 2017 AACR.</P>