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Testosterone Relaxes Rabbit Seminal Vesicle by Calcium Channel Inhibition
Jong Kok Kim,Woo Ha Han,Moo Yeol Lee,Soon Chul Myung,Sae Chul Kim,Min Ky Kim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.2
Recent studies have documented that testosterone relaxes several smooth muscles by modulating K<sup>+</sup> channel activities. Smooth muscles of seminal vesicles play a fundamental role in ejaculation, which might involve testosterone. This study was aimed to assess the role of testosterone in seminal vesicular motility by studying its effects on contractile agents and on the ion channels of single vesicular myocytes in a rabbit model. The contractile responses of circular smooth muscle strips of rabbit seminal vesicles to norepinephrine (10ՌM), a high concentration of KCl (70 mM), and testosterone (10ՌM) were observed. Single vesicular myocytes of rabbit were isolated using proteolytic enzymes including collagenase and papain. Inside-out, attached, and whole-cell configurations were examined using the patch clamp technique. The applications of 10ՌM norepinephrine or 70 mM KCl induced tonic contractions, and 10ՌM testosterone (pharmacological concentration) evoked dose-dependent relaxations of these precontracted strips. Various K<sup>+</sup> channel blockers, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM), iberiotoxin (0.1ՌM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 10ՌM), or glibenclamide (10ՌM) rarely affected these relaxations. Single channel data (of inside-out and attached configurations) of BK channel activity were also hardly affected by testosterone (10ՌM). On the other hand, however, testosterone reduced L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> currents significantly, and found to induce acute relaxation of seminal vesicular smooth muscle and this was mediated, at least in part, by Ca<sup>2+</sup> current inhibition in rabbit.
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박세정,김광명,정환영,김남규,오석전,이승호,함창곡 대한신경외과학회 1988 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.17 No.5
Intradiploic cyst, non-neoplastic process simulating neoplasm, is rare in skull. The pathogenesis of this lesion remains obscure. But, results of the hemorrhage into the diploic space after trauma in newborn and young children may attribute as one of the major cause to form a intradiploic cyst. A case of intradiploic cyst in a 7 months-old male, which involved right parietal vertex, is presented with reviews of the literatures. Diagnosis was made with the plain skull X-rays, Brain CT, surgical and pathological findings.
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Khomfoi, Surin,Sae-Kok, Warachart,Ngamroo, Issarachai The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.6
An open circuit fault diagnostic method in IGBTs for the ac to dc converters used in microgrid applications is developed in this paper. An ac to dc converter is a key technology for microgrids in order to interface both distributed generation (DG) and renewable energy resources (RES). Also, highly reliable ac to dc converters are necessary to keep converters in continuous operation as long as possible during power switch fault conditions. Therefore, the proposed fault diagnostic method is developed to reduce the fault detection time and to avoid any other fault alarms because continuous operation is desired. The proposed diagnostic method is a combination of the absolute normalized dc current technique and the false alarm suppression algorithm to overcome the long fault detection time and fault alarm problems. The simulation and experimental results show that the developed fault diagnostic method can perform fault detection within about one cycle. The results illustrate that the reliability of an ac to dc converter interfaced with a microgrid can be improved by using the proposed fault diagnostic method.
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Testosterone Relaxes Rabbit Seminal Vesicle by Calcium Channel Inhibition
Kim, Jong-Kok,Han, Woo-Ha,Lee, Moo-Yeol,Myung, Soon-Chul,Kim, Sae-Chul,Kim, Min-Ky The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.2
Recent studies have documented that testosterone relaxes several smooth muscles by modulating $K^+$ channel activities. Smooth muscles of seminal vesicles playa fundamental role in ejaculation, which might involve testosterone. This study was aimed to assess the role of testosterone in seminal vesicular motility by studying its effects on contractile agents and on the ion channels of single vesicular myocytes in a rabbit model. The contractile responses of circular smooth muscle strips of rabbit seminal vesicles to norepinephrine ($10{\mu}M$), a high concentration of KCI (70 mM), and testosterone ($10{\mu}M$) were observed. Single vesicular myocytes of rabbit were isolated using proteolytic enzymes including collagenase and papain. Inside-out, attached, and whole-cell configurations were examined using the patch clamp technique. The applications of $10{\mu}M$ norepinephrine or 70 mM KCl induced tonic contractions, and $10{\mu}M$ testosterone (pharmacological concentration) evoked dose-dependent relaxations of these precontracted strips. Various $K^+$ channel blockers, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA; $10{\mu}M$), iberiotoxin ($0.1{\mu}M$), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, $10{\mu}M$), or glibenclamide ($10{\mu}M$) rarely affected these relaxations. Single channel data (of inside-out and attached configurations) of BK channel activity were also hardly affected by testosterone ($10{\mu}M$). On the other hand, however, testosterone reduced L-type $Ca^{2+}$ currents significantly, and found to induce acute relaxation of seminal vesicular smooth muscle and this was mediated, at least in part, by $Ca^{2+}$ current inhibition in rabbit.
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Surin Khomfoi,Warachart Sae-Kok,Issarachai Ngamroo 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.6
An open circuit fault diagnostic method in IGBTs for the ac to dc converters used in microgrid applications is developed in this paper. An ac to dc converter is a key technology for microgrids in order to interface both distributed generation (DG) and renewable energy resources (RES). Also, highly reliable ac to dc converters are necessary to keep converters in continuous operation as long as possible during power switch fault conditions. Therefore, the proposed fault diagnostic method is developed to reduce the fault detection time and to avoid any other fault alarms because continuous operation is desired. The proposed diagnostic method is a combination of the absolute normalized dc current technique and the false alarm suppression algorithm to overcome the long fault detection time and fault alarm problems. The simulation and experimental results show that the developed fault diagnostic method can perform fault detection within about one cycle. The results illustrate that the reliability of an ac to dc converter interfaced with a microgrid can be improved by using the proposed fault diagnostic method.
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