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Incidence and case fatality of acute myocardial infarction in Korea, 2011-2020
Yeeun Seo(Yeeun Seo),Jenny Moon(Jenny Moon),Hyeok-Hee Lee(Hyeok-Hee Lee),Hyeon Chang Kim(Hyeon Chang Kim),Fumie Kaneko(Fumie Kaneko ),Sojung Shin(Sojung Shin),Eunji Kim(Eunji Kim),Jang-Whan Bae(Jang-W 한국역학회 2024 Epidemiology and Health Vol.46 No.-
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Eunji Seo,Jiyoung Park,Chanung Jeong,Jinsook Lee 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5
In a preliminary experiment designed to get the optimum photometric quantity for different acts in a study room, this study conducted a comparative analysis of emotional responses from different age groups to changes in color temperature and luminous intensity in the most basic condition of general diffused lighting. For those in their 20s and 30s, the color temperature was presented in the experimental space as seven stages of 3000 K, 3500 K, 4000 K, 4500 K, 5000 K, 5500 K, and 6000 K. For those in their 40s and 50s, the evaluation presented three ages of 4000 K, 4500 K, and 5000 K while pivoting on 4500 K, which was evaluated as the most preferred color temperature in the experiment for those in their 20s and 30s. The analysis showed that those in their 20s and 30s found 300 lx at 4500K most comfortable, appropriate for behavior, and preferred. In contrast, those in their 40s and 50s found 400~500 to lx at 4500 k the most comfortable, appropriate for behavior, and preferred. In a nutshell, compared to those in their 20s and 30s, those in their 40s and 50s found the higher luminous intensity the most comfortable, appropriate for behavior, and preferred. This is understood as the visual characteristic that appears to the aging eyes of the older groups. Also, the scope of luminous intensity acquired from the experiment has turned out to be minimum twice as bright as the maximum reference luminous intensity of ‘60-100-150 lx’, the scope of luminous intensity presented for my study room or study in the KS home.
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( Eunji Seo ),( Jiyoung Park ),( Chanung Jeong ),( Jinsook Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-
In a preliminary experiment designed to get the optimum photometric quantity for different acts in a study room, this study conducted a comparative analysis of emotional responses from different age groups to changes in color temperature and luminous intensity in the most basic condition of general diffused lighting. For those in their 20s and 30s, the color temperature was presented in the experimental space as eight stages of 3000 K, 3500 K, 4000 K, 4500 K, 5000 K, 5500 K, and 6000 K. For those in their 40s and 50s, the evaluation presented three ages of 4000 K, 4500 K, and 5000 K while pivoting on 4500 K, which was evaluated as the most preferred color temperature in the experiment for those in their 20s and 30s. The analysis showed that those in their 20s and 30s found 300 lx at 4500K most comfortable, appropriate for behavior, and preferred. In contrast, those in their 40s and 50s found 400~500 to lx at 4500 k the most comfortable, appropriate for behavior, and preferred. In a nutshell, compared to those in their 20s and 30s, those in their 40s and 50s found the higher luminous intensity the most comfortable, appropriate for behavior, and preferred. This is understood as the visual characteristic that appears to the aging eyes of the older groups.
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Eunji Seo,Katsuyoshi Takashima 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7
One of the longstanding goals of both managers and researchers has been to understand the characteristics of effective salespeople. Selling orientation (SO), one of the general approaches of salespeople, has also been referred to in several studies as selling behaviors (Saxe and Weitz 1982; Brown et al. 1992; Jaramillo et al. 2007). SO is the degree to which salespeople place their own needs and/or the needs of the firm before those of their customers by attempting to sell as much as possible to customers. This is exhibited when salespeople are primarily engaged in selling activities that emphasize “getting the sale” (Schultz and Good 2000; Boles et al. 2001). Few researchers focus their attention on SO as one of the sales approaches enhancing sales performance and previous studies generally discuss SO as a factor negatively correlated with customer orientation (CO) (Saxe and Weitz 1982; Brown et al. 1992). These studies suggest SO should be controlled to encourage CO. However, Schwepker (2003) shows in his overviews of recent research that there is not a general consensus on the relationship between SO and individual sales performance. In fact, some studies indicate that SO increases individual sales performance, while others find that it is not an influential factor (e.g. Goff et al. 1997; Boles et al. 2001; Wachnel et al. 2009). Salespeople are required to adopt long-term perspectives as well as short-term sales results simultaneously in a competitive market; thus, it is meaningful to explore whether SO, as an aggressive sales approach, improves individual sales performance and whether SO can be used as an effective organizational indicator. Some studies, on the other hand, argue that the relationship between SO and individual performance is affected by moderating factors, such as differences in performance measurement (subjective or objective) (Jaramillo et al. 2007) and the sales skill level salespeople possess (Wachner et al. 2009). For example, Wachner et al. (2009) tested the moderating impact of three selling skills: interpersonal skills, salesmanship skills, and technical skills. These studies show that various external and individual factors can affect the relationship between SO and performance. Unfortunately, the impact of internal factors, such as integration with other functional members of the organization, has largely ignored. However, integration between salespeople and a variety of functional members is crucial for exchanging information and activating organizational learning (Rouizes et al. 2005), which may affect sales strategy. Indeed, salespeople, as boundary spanners, cooperate with other functional members and provide the firm with external market information (Griffin and Hauser 1990; Singh 1998; Krohmer et al. 2002). On the other hand, salespeople also receive information and support regarding new products and product delivery from other functional members, which benefits individuals’ sales performance. Our study, therefore, aims to examine the performance impact of SO at the level of the individual salesperson. In addition, we test for the moderating effect of integration with other functional members. We use the term integration as proposed by Kahn (2001), in which levels of integration are gauged by the extent of information exchange and personal interaction, and argue that integration, as an option internally available to salespeople, will increase the effectiveness of a sales approach. The indices we use to judge individual sales performance are as follows: the sales figures achieved, the degree to which the salesperson commits to the target sales figure, the number of new customers found, and the level of task innovation displayed in comparison with other members of the same sales team. SO is usually seen as a short-term sales approach. While pure SO cannot have a positive effect on customer loyalty or satisfaction levels (Boles et al. 2001; Schwepker 2003), it is often the most effective short-term selling method. In fact, Wachner et al. (2009) report that SO directly increased individual sales performance in the B to B market settings. Moreover, Boles et al. (2001) reported that SO is not harmful to relationships with customers for in-store retail settings because customers expect salespeople to engage in selling-oriented behavior to some degree. Schwepker (2003) argues that salespeople are more likely to utilize SO in an effort to meet the demands and goals placed on them when managements use the outcome-based measurements (e.g. financial performance) to evaluate their performance. This may mean that when salespeople take a more strongly selling-oriented approach, they increase their attention on selling itself and find effective methods for increasing performance. These discussions show that SO is influential in increasing sales performance. Our first hypothesis, therefore, is: H1. SO positively affects individual sales performance. Meunier-FitzHugh and Piercy (2007) emphasize that the selling of products and services is not exclusive to marketing or sales. Integration between different functional members is vital to improved customer satisfaction and product development performance (Kahn 2001). In addition, Kahn and Mentzer (1998) show that integration between different functional members has a positive influence on performance in terms of department success, overall firm performance and new product development. The authors explain that the information exchange intrinsic to integration allows members to reduce uncertainty, thereby facilitating different types of performance. By transmitting information and interacting with members who work in complementary functions, salespeople are more likely to increase their product knowledge and control time schedules. Accordingly, we expect integration with other functional members to positively impact individual performance. According to Storbacka et al. (2009), sales can play an important role in new product development, which also increases opportunities to broaden customer relationships and modify sales strategies. We argue that when integration is coupled with SO, individual performance improves because integration modifies SO’s aggressive behaviors into an adaptive selling style. Adaptive selling is considered “the altering of sales behaviors during a customer interaction or across customer interactions based on perceived information about the nature of the selling situation” (Weitz et al. 1986, p. 175). Franke and Park (2006) argue that the benefits of adaptive selling behaviors are likely to outweigh the costs of gathering and applying information to specific situations, thereby improving overall individual sales performance. Thus, if salespeople integrate with other functional members in the process of selling products and providing customized service according to customer needs, we expect that the relationship between SO and individual performance will be stronger. On the other hand, role ambiguity of salespeople may be reduced by high SO, which stimulate salespeople to put higher priorities on selling and short-term purpose (Tubre and Collins, 2000; Wachner et al. 2009). Low role ambiguity will make functional integration efficient and effective since allocation and coordination regarding functional roles cost less compared with the situation where the roles are ambiguous. Therefore, when salespeople have higher SO, integration produces more results in shorter time. Hence, on the basis of this reasoning, we hypothesize that: H2. Integration positively affects individual sales performance. H3. The positive relationship between SO and individual sales performance is stronger when salespeople are more integrated with other functional members. 382 questionnaires were handed out to a firm and 186 salespeople including the sales managers filled in the questionnaires. This company’s services and products are related to real estate, car insurance and financial insurance. We chose this particular company because the salespeople are encouraged to use SO approaches and generally integrate with other functional members. Based on Wachner et al. (2009), SO was measured with a three-item indicator that included the following items: “high sales performance is more important than how to accomplish it,” “I try to focus attention on the degree of sales performance compared with others,” and “when a company appraises salespeople, only financial performance has to be considered.” These measures were modified from those used in Wachner et al. (2009) to reflect SO’s short-term transactional manner and emphasis on high financial performance. In addition, the integration with other functional members referred to in Kahn and Mentzer (1998) was also measured using an indicator with the following items: “I frequently exchanges information with other functional members,” “I am actively gathering information from colleagues with different functions,” “critical information is shared between colleagues with different functions,” and “the integration between sales and other functions is possible.” We assessed the validity and dimensionality of our reflective constructs by performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Our CFA model contains SO (three items, α= .730), integration (four items, α= .839), and performance (four items, α = .826). The model shows an acceptable fit with the data with a χ2 of 153.481 (df = 41, p< .001), a comparative fit index (CFI) of .926, AGFI of 0.846 and a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of .10. We conducted a moderated hierarchical regression analysis to test our hypotheses. Regression results have been provided in Table 1. After mean-centering the interaction variables, multicollinearity was irrelevant because the VIF of the multicollinearity statistic was low level. Model 1 includes control variables and the effects of SO and integration. Model 1 reveals a positive effect of selling orientation (β= .201, p< .01) and integration (β= .358, p< .001) on performance. In Model 2, interaction terms were added. The Model 2 results indicate that the interaction effect between SO and integration on performance is positive and significant (β= .142, p< .05) supporting H3. Post hoc analysis also confirms that integration moderates SO to increase performance. Specifically, examination of the simple regression lines show that there is only an effect of the SO on performance when the salesperson’s integration level is high (t= 3.60, p< .00), but is not significant when integration level is low (t= 1.085, ns). Overall, our results indicate that SO and integration have an important impact on individual sales performance. In addition, as shown by Fig. 1, SO affects individual performance more positively when salespeople integrate more fully with other functional members. These results highlight the tact that, when they co-exist, SO and integration between different functional members contributes to increased individual sales performance. As one of the components of market orientation, integration with other functional members prompts salespeople to consider customer satisfaction. By exchanging knowledge and contributing to internal information flow, integration allows salespeople to develop SO into an adaptive selling approach, thereby increasing sales performance. On the other hand, because high SO results in salespeople using their time and efforts more effectively for performance with integration than low SO, sales performance increases. From a theoretical perspective, the findings we report here taking into account the moderating effects of integration, present a new understanding of the relationship between SO and individual performance. Moreover, our findings have managerial implications. Although SO has a positive effect on individual performance, SO also presents considerable challenges, such as decreasing customer loyalty and endangering salespeople’s job satisfaction (Boles et al. 2001; Schwepker 2003). As a result, the relationship between SO and salespeople’s individual performance requires more discussion and should be considered carefully. Our study shows that sales management could potentially increase sales performance by using cross function teams and setting financial goals, which would simultaneously encourage integration as well as SO (Rouzi?s et al. 2005).
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서은지(Eunji Seo),김효정(Hyojoung Kim),송동준(Dongjun Song),이진숙(Jinsook Lee) 한국색채학회 2016 한국색채학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.11
시간이 흐름에 따라 감성에 대한 관심이 커지면서 이를 기반으로 한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고, 감성의 철학적 용어와 공학라는 물리적 용어로 이루어진 감성공학이란 신조어까지 생겨났다. 감성공학이란, 인간의 감성을 더 정략적으로 측정·평가하고 이를 제품이나 환경설계에 정용하여 인간의 삶을 더욱 편리하고 안락하며 쾌적한 환경을 개발하는 기술이라 정의한다. 감성을 기반으로 한 여러 연구 분야가 있으나, 그 중 감성조명에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 감성조명 설계를 위한 데이터 구축을 목적으로 조명의 색온도에 의한 계절감·온도감을 나타내는 형용사 어휘에 대한 실험을 진행하였으며 요인분석 결과, 총 79.83%의 설명력을 보이고 있으며, 총 3개의 요인 축으로 분류된다. 제 Ⅰ요인은 35.04%의 기여율을 보이며, 평가에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로 [쌀쌀한·서늘한] 축으로 명명하였다. 제 Ⅱ요인은 24.86%의 기여율을 보이며 [따뜻한·따스한] 축으로 명명하였다. 제 Ⅲ요인은 19.94%의 기여율을 보이며 [맑은·화창한] 축으로 명명하였다. 기술통계 분석결과, 제 Ⅰ요인의 ‘쌀쌀한’과 ‘서늘한’의 평가어휘는 색온도가 높을수록 높게 평가되는 경향을 보이고 있다. 그 중 색온도 3000 K이 가장 보통 이하이며, 6000 K이 가장 높게 분석되었다. 제 Ⅲ요인의 ‘맑은’과 ‘화창한’의 평가 어휘는 색온도 4000 K과 5000 K이 보통 이상으로 평가되었으며, 이를 제외한 3000 K과 6000 K은 보통 이하로 평가되었다.
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서은지(Eunji Seo),이진숙(Jinsook Lee) 한국색채학회 2018 한국색채학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11
학교시설 마감재료와 재료의 색채에 따라 학생들은 심리적으로 영향을 받으며 성장한다. 학교 건축의 최종적인 완성은 마감 재료와 그 재료의 색채로 이루어지며, 학교에서 많은 시간은 보내는 학생들에게 학교 공간은 단지 지식 습득의 장소로서 뿐만 아니라 놀고, 식사하고 대화하는 생활의 장소이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 서울의 한 초등학교를 대상으로 재학아동들의 니즈가 반영된 외장 색채디자인을 적용하고, 교직원 및 재학 아동을 대상으로 만족도 조사를 진행하고자 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 학교 건물의 국내 · 외 실외 색채계획 선진사례의 색채 현황 분석을 진행한 결과, R, YR, GY, B 계열에 주로 분포되어 있으며, 색채의 조화에 따라 고명도 · 고채도/저채도 · 고채도를 다양하게 사용하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 2.색채 교육 및 실기 수업과 설문을 통해 도출된 이미지를 바탕으로 컨셉 디자인을 도출하였다. 전체적으로 따뜻하고 차분한 웜그레이 컬러를 바탕으로 하며, 2가지 정도의 포인트 컬러를 사용해 화사하고 발랄해 보이는 이미지를 연출하였다. 3.교직원 및 재학생 등의 사용자를 대상으로 만족도 조사를 진행한 결과, 디자인부분에서 더 화려하고 원색적인 색감 표현을 원했기에 만족도가 낮았지만 전반적으로 시각적으로 깔끔하고 깨끗해졌다는 의견이 많은 것으로 분석되었다.
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서은지(Seo, EunJi),이진숙(Lee, JinSook) 한국색채학회 2017 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.31 No.4
Recently, it has been applied variously for the development of LED, interior lighting is the most common. In case of an indoor environment, the study of illuminance and color temperature was primarily carried out, but the importance of emotional illumination and sensitivity design eventually became significant, thus leading to a study on music and lighting. However, the criterion for the selection of music is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we are trying to derive the optimal color temperature and the illuminance range depending on the genre of the music. Results show that, in case of ballad genre, illuminance of 30–150 lx at color temperature in the range 3000–4000 K is optimal, while for genre of dance, color temperature in the range 5000–6000 K has an optimal illuminance of 100–300 lx. The results of the comparative analysis of the two genres indicated that the ballad genre prefers lower color temperatures and illuminance than the genre of dance, and the difference in the illuminance by category is about 150 lx. In this research, as the target sample space is small, we try to supplement it through additional experiments. However, the results obtained have significance as the basic data of music psychotherapy, and we expect that the sensibility effect during music appreciation is maximized.
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