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Lee, H-S,Li, W,Lee, A,Rodine, P,Graham, R R,Ortmann, W A,Batliwalla, F,Lee, K W,Bae, S C,Behrens, T W,Gregersen, P K Nature Publishing Group 2006 GENES AND IMMUNITY Vol.7 No.7
The current methods for molecular typing of HLA-DR alleles incur a substantial financial burden when performing large population studies. In the current study, we aimed to provide much less expensive typing approach with high predictability for DRB1 genotype. We have used a panel of three microsatellite markers in the class II region (D6S2666, D6S2665 and D6S2446) for genotyping and haplotype reconstruction in a total of 1687 Caucasian (1313 RA patients and 374 controls) and 1364 Korean individuals (744 RA patients and 620 controls), all of whom were previously genotyped for DRB1. We found that a total of 88.4 and 87.4% of all observed three-marker haplotypes could determine the DR type with a positive predictive value >0.8 with high sensitivity and specificity. There was a high degree of haplotype conservation when comparing Caucasian and Asian populations. Interestingly, we found that the majority of DRB1<SUP>*</SUP>09 and DRB1<SUP>*</SUP>10 alleles share a common three-marker haplotype in both Caucasian and Asian populations. This is unexpected, since these two alleles are found on very different haplotype families. In addition, these two alleles are both associated with rheumatoid arthritis, making the elucidation of these haplotype relationships potentially important for understanding disease susceptibility.Genes and Immunity (2006) 7, 533–543. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6364325; published online 20 July 2006
Constitutive property behavior of an ultra-high-performance concrete with and without steel fibers
E.M. Williams,S.S. Graham,S.A. Akers,P.A. Reed,T.S. Rushing 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2010 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.7 No.2
A laboratory investigation was conducted to characterize the constitutive property behavior of Cor-Tuf, an ultra-high-performance composite concrete. Mechanical property tests (hydrostatic compression, unconfined compression (UC), triaxial compression (TXC), unconfined direct pull (DP), uniaxial strain, and uniaxial-strain-load/constant-volumetric-strain tests) were performed on specimens prepared from concrete mixtures with and without steel fibers. From the UC and TXC test results, compression failure surfaces were developed for both sets of specimens. Both failure surfaces exhibited a continuous increase in maximum principal stress difference with increasing confining stress. The DP tests results determined the unconfined tensile strengths of the two mixtures. The tensile strength of each mixture was less than the generally assumed tensile strength for conventional strength concrete, which is 10 percent of the unconfined compressive strength. Both concretes behaved similarly, but Cor-Tuf with steel fibers exhibited slightly greater strength with increased confining pressure, and Cor-Tuf without steel fibers displayed slightly greater compressibility.
Finite strip analysis of a box girder simulating the hull of a ship
Akhras, G.,Tremblay, J.P.,Graham, T.,Cheung, M.S.,Li, W.C. Techno-Press 2003 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.15 No.2
In the present study, the finite strip analysis of a box girder to simulate a ship's hull model is carried out to investigate its inelastic post-buckling behavior and to predict its ultimate flexural strength. Residual stresses and initial geometrical imperfections are both considered in the combined material and geometrical nonlinear analysis. The von-Mises yield criterion and the Prandtl-Reuss flow theory of plasticity are applied in modeling the elasto-plastic behavior of material. The Newton-Raphson iterative process is also employed in the analysis to achieve convergence. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data. The effects of some material and geometrical parameters on the ultimate strength of the structure are also investigated.
A novel human cadaver model to investigate a retrourethral transobturator male sling procedure
Sean F. Mungovan,William I. Jaffe,Petra L. Graham,Manish I. Patel,Jaspreet S. Sandhu 대한비뇨의학회 2019 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.60 No.5
Purpose: To develop a cadaver model for the assessment of a male transobturator male sling (retrourethral transobturator sling [RTS], AdVance™; Boston Scientific, USA) to investigate its effect on a simulated abdominal and retrograde leak point pressures (ALPP, RLPP) and the urethral pressure profile (UPP). Materials and Methods: Three fresh frozen human male cadaver specimens were obtained. A suprapubic tube was inserted into the bladder and connected to a digital manometer to measure bladder pressure. Manual suprapubic pressure was then applied to generate an increase in intraabdominal pressure and measure a simulated ALPP. Subsequent measurements of RLPP and UPP were recorded. All measurements were undertaken prior to and following insertion of a RTS. Results: The placement of the RTS consistently increased the simulated ALPP for all three cadaver specimens when compared to baseline measures. No leaks occurred at simulated ALPP's of 170 cm H2O for specimen 1, 160 cm H2O for specimen 2, and 170 cm H2O for specimen 3. There was minimal or no change in the RLPP's and UPP's following insertion of the RTS when compared to respective baseline. Conclusions: A model using fresh unfixed cadavers that incorporates a simulated measurement of ALPP is feasible for male stress urinary incontinence surgical intervention investigations.
Fabrication of Micro-Dimpled Surfaces through Micro Ball End Milling
Eldon Graham,Chaneel I. Park,Simon S. Park 한국정밀공학회 2013 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
Industry and researchers have begun to shift their focus towards more sustainable and eco-friendly manufacturing processes in recent years. They have recognized the vital role of functional micro surfaces for a wide range of advanced applications to address this issue. By physically altering the surface structure of a material in micrometric scale, tribological, optical, fluidic properties and many other surface characteristics can be altered. Several researchers have reported that micro surface patterns can reduce friction between lubricated sliding surfaces, which in turn alleviate energy consumption and increase service life of components. Micro ball end milling is another viable technique for creating patterned surfaces, especially for metallic parts. By tilting the spindle and tool at an inclined angle, the spindle speed and feed rate can be adjusted so that the flutes of the cutter create periodic patterns in a workpiece surface. Machining is an efficient and versatile manufacturing technique, making the micro dimple machining technique an ideal method to fabricate dimpled surfaces. In this study, the fabricated surfaces are evaluated at a tribological level to illustrate their effectiveness at reducing friction. The development of efficient methods to produce micro patterns onto large surface areas can promote a sustainable future for a variety of novel products. The development of efficient surface pattern algorithms for generating different dimple geometries is also a focus; and, trends in cutting forces are identified by changing different machining parameters. Depth of cut and dimple shape, spacing and arrangement are crucial parameters, all of which factor into the performance of a functional surface. The results of this study strongly indicate micro dimple machining as an environmentally sustainable method of producing functional surfaces for advanced technological applications.
Two Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy
Fleming, Graham R.,Yang, Min-O,Agarwal, Ritesh,Prall, Bradley S.,Kaufman, Laura J.,Neuwahl, Fred Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.8
Two different electronically resonant two-dimensional spectroscopies are described. The first, two-color photon echo peak shift spectroscopy, is sensitive to correlations in transition frequency between the initial and probed (final) states. It provides new insight into the mechanism of ultrafast solvation and should prove useful for characterizing dynamics in inhomogeneous systems in general. The second technique, fifth order threepulse scattering, contains two coherence periods whose durations are controlled. The entire two-dimensional surface was recorded for a dye molecule in dilute solution and a photosynthetic light-harvesting complex. The data provide insight into the short-time dynamics of solvation and exciton relaxation, respectively.