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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : S. Ramkhelawan (검색결과 1 건)
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C.H.L. Tempelman,J.F. Jacobs,S. Ramkhelawan,A. Mok,W. van der Zalm,V. Degirmenci 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.99 No.-
In this study we considered processes of treatment of agricultural apple waste which is normallydiscarded. We show the effect of various pre-treatment procedures on thefinal catalytic performance toproduce 5-HMF from this real world biomass waste. Our study of the various potential pre-treatmentsteps, and their effect on the catalytic performance, provides valuable new insights which can be used forthe development of new processes for the localised small scale valorization of agricultural fruit waste. The apple waste is aimed to be converted into a sugar rich feedstock stream for the catalytic conversion to5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) at low temperatures ( 120 C). Filters with varying pore sizes werestudied for thefiltration of apple pomace after milling the rotten apples in order to reduce the solidscontent. The testedfilters varied in pore sizes of 0.2 mm, 2 mm and 54 mm. The effect of heating, acid orbase treatment of the apple slurry was evaluated for increasing the speed offiltration. The highestflowrate was obtained for thefilter with 54 mm pores. The sugar richfiltrates were investigated in thecatalytic conversion to 5-HMF over an easy-to-manufacture Sn exchanged resin (Amberlyst-15) catalyst. Results showed thatfiltrates obtained over a 2 mmfilter lead to the highest 5-HMF yields (18 %) withoutextra additives. Adjustment of the reaction mixtures to pH 7 resulted in a lower catalytic activity. 5-HMFis proposed to be extracted from the aqueous layer by using an organic liquid layer (methyl isobutylketone, MIBK). In order to increase the diffusion of 5-HMF to the MIBK layer the addition of salts to thereaction mixture was investigated. This leads to lower catalytic activity, possibly due to catalystdeactivation. Our results showed that a relatively wide porefilter (54 mm) provides the fastest appleprocessing method and afiltrate reacting to the highest 5-HMF yield in catalytic conversion of the sugarrich product stream obtained from agricultural waste apples.
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