Irradiation-induced disordering and amorphization of Al₃Ti-based intermetallic compounds

Park, Jeong-Yong,Kim, Il-Hyun,Motta, Arthur T.,Ulmer, Christopher J.,Kirk Jr., Marquis A.,Ryan Jr., Edward A.,Baldo Jr., Peter M. Elsevier 2015 JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS Vol.467 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An in situ ion-irradiation study, simultaneously examined using transmission electron microscopy, was performed to investigate irradiation-induced disordering and amorphization of Al<SUB>3</SUB>Ti-based intermetallic compounds. Thin foil samples of two crystalline structures: D0<SUB>22</SUB>-structured Al<SUB>3</SUB>Ti and L1<SUB>2</SUB>-structured (Al,Cr)<SUB>3</SUB>Ti were irradiated using 1.0 MeV Kr ions at a temperature range from 40 K to 573 K to doses up to 4.06 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> ions/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The results showed that both the compounds underwent an order-disorder transformation under irradiation, where both Al<SUB>3</SUB>Ti and (Al,Cr)<SUB>3</SUB>Ti ordered structures were fully transformed to the disordered face-centered cubic (FCC) structure except at the highest irradiation temperature of 573 K. A slightly higher irradiation dose was required for order-disorder transformation in case of Al<SUB>3</SUB>Ti as compared to (Al,Cr)<SUB>3</SUB>Ti at a given temperature. However, their amorphization resistances were different: while the disordered FCC (Al,Cr)<SUB>3</SUB>Ti amorphized at the irradiation dose of 6.25 × 10<SUP>14</SUP> ions/cm<SUP>2</SUP> (0.92 dpa) at 40 K and 100 K, the Al<SUB>3</SUB>Ti compound with the same disordered FCC structure maintained crystallinity up to 4.06 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> ions/cm<SUP>2</SUP> (5.62 dpa) at 40 K. The critical temperature for amorphization of (Al,Cr)<SUB>3</SUB>Ti under Kr ion irradiation is likely between 100 K and room temperature and the critical temperature for disordering between room temperature and 573 K.</P>

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park: the first comprehensive elasmobranch assessment reveals global hotspot for reef sharks

Ryan Murray,Segundo Conales Jr.,Gonzalo Araujo,Jessica Labaja,Sally J. Snow,Simon J. Pierce,Angelique Songco,Alessandro Ponzo 국립중앙과학관 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.12 No.1

Elasmobranchs are experiencing population declines worldwide because of anthropogenic stressors. Marineprotected areas (MPAs) have been shown to benefit mesopredatory species of shark. The Tubbataha ReefsNatural Park (TRNP) is a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Siteand the largest no-take MPA in the Philippines, yet information on the current status of elasmobranchs in thepark is limited. Here, we investigate the abundance and biodiversity of elasmobranchs in TRNP using underwater visual census (UVC) and baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys. Twenty UVC wereconducted in May 2015 (n ¼ 10) and June 2016 (n ¼ 10), documenting eight species of elasmobranchs with anaverage density of 7.18 sharks ha-1 for both years. A total of 113 successful BRUV surveys were conducted inTRNP between MarcheJune 2015 (n ¼ 47) and AprileJune 2016 (n ¼ 66). The BRUV surveys recorded 14species with an average catch per unit effort of 2.09 elasmobranchs per hour for both years. Both surveymethods report some of the highest densities of the grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos and thewhitetip reef shark Triaenodon obesus documented worldwide. This study underlines the importance of large,well-managed MPAs such as TRNP for the conservation of reef-associated elasmobranchs.

A Simple, Effective Method for Bacterial Culture Storage: A Brief Technical Report

Winters, Ryan D.,Winn, Washington C. Jr. The Korean Society for Microbiology 2010 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.40 No.2

Maintenance of large collections of bacterial cultures can be challenging, as individual species may necessitate specific storage techniques, and many important organisms are famously difficult to sustain in culture. We present a simple, cost-effective, reliable method for long-term storage of bacterial strains suitable for fastidious species.

Pro-Inflammatory Enzymes, Cyclooxygenase 1, Cyclooxygenase 2, and 5-Lipooxygenase, Inhibited by Stabilized Rice Bran Extracts

Bill Roschek Jr.,Ryan C. Fink,Dan Li,Matthew McMichael,Christine M. Tower,Robert D. Smith,Randall S. Alberte 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.3

Rice bran, the outer bran and germ of the kernel and a by-product of rice milling, is rich in phytonutrients but has been underutilized because of lipid content instability. New methods for the processing of rice bran have yielded a stabilized form that is increasingly used in foods and dietary supplements. Recent studies have documented a role for stabilized rice bran (SRB) in treating diabetes and arthritis, although little is known of the bioactive compounds that impart these health benefits. Here we characterize the chemical composition of three extracts of SRB and identify the functional bioactives contributing to the inhibitory properties against three key pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase [COX] 1, COX2, and 5-lipoxygenase [5-LOX]) that control the inflammatory cascade involved in impaired joint health, pain, and arthritis. One extract (SRB-AI) demonstrated significant COX1 and COX2 inhibitory activities with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for COX1 and COX2 of 305 and 29μg/mL, respectively, but no 5-LOX inhibition. The second extract (SRB-AII) inhibited COX1, COX2, and 5-LOX with IC50 values of 310, 19, and 396μg/mL, respectively. The third extract (SRB-AIII), a blend of SRB-AI and SRB-AIII, inhibited COX1, COX2, and 5-LOX with respective IC50 values of 48, 11, and 197μg/mL. Analysis of the extracts by direct analysis in real time time of flight-mass spectrometry revealed that SRB-AI, SRB-AII, and SRB-AIII contain over 620, 770, and 810 compounds, respectively. Of these, 17 were identified as key bioactives for COX and/or LOX inhibition. These SRB extracts have applications for functional foods and dietary supplements for control of inflammation and joint health.

Pro-Inflammatory Enzymes, Cyclooxygenase 1, Cyclooxygenase 2, and 5-Lipooxygenase, Inhibited by Stabilized Rice Bran Extracts

Roschek, Bill Jr.,Fink, Ryan C.,McMichael, Dan Li, Matthew,Tower, Christine M.,Smith, Robert D.,Alberte, Randall S. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.3

Rice bran, the outer bran and germ of the kernel and a by-product of rice milling, is rich in phytonutrients but has been underutilized because of lipid content instability. New methods for the processing of rice bran have yielded a stabilized form that is increasingly used in foods and dietary supplements. Recent studies have documented a role for stabilized rice bran (SRB) in treating diabetes and arthritis, although little is known of the bioactive compounds that impart these health benefits. Here we characterize the chemical composition of three extracts of SRB and identify the functional bioactives contributing to the inhibitory properties against three key pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase [COX] 1, COX2, and 5-lipoxygenase [5-LOX]) that control the inflammatory cascade involved in impaired joint health, pain, and arthritis. One extract (SRB-AI) demonstrated significant COX1 and COX2 inhibitory activities with 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) values for COX1 and COX2 of 305 and $29\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, but no 5-LOX inhibition. The second extract (SRB-AII) inhibited COX1, COX2, and 5-LOX with $IC_{50}$ values of 310, 19, and $396\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The third extract (SRB-AIII), a blend of SRB-AI and SRB-AIII, inhibited COX1, COX2, and 5-LOX with respective $IC_{50}$ values of 48, 11, and $197\;{\mu}g/mL$. Analysis of the extracts by direct analysis in real time time of flight-mass spectrometry revealed that SRB-AI, SRB-AII, and SRB-AIII contain over 620, 770, and 810 compounds, respectively. Of these, 17 were identified as key bioactives for COX and/or LOX inhibition. These SRB extracts have applications for functional foods and dietary supplements for control of inflammation and joint health.

Three Dimensional Quantitative Coronary Angiography Can Detect Reliably Ischemic Coronary Lesions Based on Fractional Flow Reserve

정우영,최병주,임성훈,Yoshiki Matsuo,Ryan J Lennon,Rajiv Gulati,Gurpreet S. Sandhu,David R Holmes Jr,Charanjit S Rihal,Amir Lerman 대한의학회 2015 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.30 No.6

Conventional coronary angiography (CAG) has limitations in evaluating lesions producing ischemia. Three dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (3D-QCA) shows reconstructed images of CAG using computer based algorithm, the Cardio-op B system (Paieon Medical, Rosh Ha’ayin, Israel). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether 3D-QCA can reliably predict ischemia assessed by myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) < 0.80. 3D-QCA images were reconstructed from CAG which also were evaluated with FFR to assess ischemia. Minimal luminal diameter (MLD), percent diameter stenosis (%DS), minimal luminal area (MLA), and percent area stenosis (%AS) were obtained. The results of 3D-QCA and FFR were compared. A total of 266 patients was enrolled for the present study. FFR for all lesions ranged from 0.57 to 1.00 (0.85 ± 0.09). Measurement of MLD, %DS, MLA, and %AS all were significantly correlated with FFR (r = 0.569, 0609, 0.569, 0.670, respectively, all P < 0.001). In lesions with MLA < 4.0 mm2, %AS of more than 65.5% had a 80% sensitivity and a 83% specificity to predict FFR < 0.80 (area under curve, AUC was 0.878). 3D-QCA can reliably predict coronary lesions producing ischemia and may be used to guide therapeutic approach for coronary artery disease.

Changes in interpersonal violence and utilization of trauma recovery services at an urban trauma center in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective, comparative study

Kevin Y. Zhu,Kristie J. Sun,Mary A. Breslin,Mark Kalina Jr.,Tyler Moon,Ryan Furdock,Heather A. Vallier The Korean Society of Traumatology 2024 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

Purpose: This study investigated changes in interpersonal violence and utilization of trauma recovery services during the COVID-19 pandemic. At an urban level I trauma center, trauma recovery services (TRS) provide education, counseling, peer support, and coordination of rehabilitation and recovery to address social and mental health needs. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted considerable changes in hospital services and increases in interpersonal victimization. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted between September 6, 2018 and December 20, 2020 for 1,908 victim-of-crime patients, including 574 victims of interpersonal violence. Outcomes included length of stay associated with initial TRS presentation, number of subsequent emergency department visits, number of outpatient appointments, and utilization of specific specialties within the year following the initial traumatic event. Results: Patients were primarily female (59.4%), single (80.1%), non-Hispanic (86.7%), and Black (59.2%). The mean age was 33.0 years, and 247 patients (49.2%) presented due to physical assault, 132 (26.3%) due to gunshot wounds, and 76 (15.1%) due to sexual assault. The perpetrators were primarily partners (27.9%) or strangers (23.3%). During the study period, 266 patients (mean, 14.9 patients per month) presented before the declaration of COVID-19 as a national emergency on March 13, 2020, while 236 patients (mean, 25.9 patients per month) presented afterward, representing a 74.6% increase in victim-of-crime patients treated. Interactions with TRS decreased during the COVID-19 period, with an average of 3.0 interactions per patient before COVID-19 versus 1.9 after emergency declaration (P<0.01). Similarly, reductions in length of stay were noted; the pre-COVID-19 average was 3.6 days, compared to 2.1 days post-COVID-19 (P=0.01). Conclusions: While interpersonal violence increased, TRS interactions decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting interruption of services, COVID-19 precautions, and postponement/cancellation of elective visits. Future direction of hospital policy to enable resource and service delivery to this population, despite internal and external challenges, appears warranted.

EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES AT INTERMEDIATE REDSHIFT OBSERVED WITH<i>HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE</i>WFC3: PERSPECTIVES ON RECENT STAR FORMATION

Rutkowski, Michael J.,Jeong, Hyunjin,Cohen, Seth H.,Kaviraj, Sugata,Windhorst, Rogier A.,Ryan Jr., Russell E.,Koekemoer, Anton,Yi, Sukyoung K.,Hathi, Nimish P.,Dopita, Michael A. IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Vol.796 No.2

<P>We present an analysis of the stellar populations of 102 visually selected early-type galaxies (ETGs) with spectroscopic redshifts (0.35 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1.5) from observations in the Early Release Science program with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We fit one-and two-component synthetic stellar models to the ETGs UV-optical-near-IR spectral energy distributions and find that a large fraction (similar to 40%) are likely to have experienced a minor (f(YC) less than or similar to 10% of stellar mass) burst of recent (t(YC) less than or similar to 1 Gyr) star formation. The measured age and mass fraction of the young stellar populations do not strongly trend with measurements of galaxy morphology. We note that massive (M > 10(10.5) M-circle dot) recent star-forming ETGs appear to have larger sizes. Furthermore, high-mass, quiescent ETGs identified with likely companions populate a distinct region in the size-mass parameter space, in comparison with the distribution of massive ETGs with evidence of recent star formation (RSF). We conclude that both mechanisms of quenching star formation in disk-like ETGs and (gas-rich, minor) merger activity contribute to the formation of young stars and the size-mass evolution of intermediate redshift ETGs. The number of ETGs for which we have both HST WFC3 panchromatic (especially UV) imaging and spectroscopically confirmed redshifts is relatively small, therefore, a conclusion about the relative roles of both of these mechanisms remains an open question.</P>

The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817

Troja, E.,Piro, L.,van Eerten, H.,Wollaeger, R. T.,Im, M.,Fox, O. D.,Butler, N. R.,Cenko, S. B.,Sakamoto, T.,Fryer, C. L.,Ricci, R.,Lien, A.,Ryan Jr, R. E.,Korobkin, O.,Lee, S.-K.,Burgess, J. M.,Lee, Nature Publishing Group 2017 Nature Vol. No.

A long-standing paradigm in astrophysics is that collisions—or mergers—of two neutron stars form highly relativistic and collimated outflows (jets) that power γ-ray bursts of short (less than two seconds) duration. The observational support for this model, however, is only indirect. A hitherto outstanding prediction is that gravitational-wave events from such mergers should be associated with γ-ray bursts, and that a majority of these bursts should be seen off-axis, that is, they should point away from Earth. Here we report the discovery observations of the X-ray counterpart associated with the gravitational-wave event GW170817. Although the electromagnetic counterpart at optical and infrared frequencies is dominated by the radioactive glow (known as a ‘kilonova’) from freshly synthesized rapid neutron capture (r-process) material in the merger ejecta, observations at X-ray and, later, radio frequencies are consistent with a short γ-ray burst viewed off-axis. Our detection of X-ray emission at a location coincident with the kilonova transient provides the missing observational link between short γ-ray bursts and gravitational waves from neutron-star mergers, and gives independent confirmation of the collimated nature of the γ-ray-burst emission.