Blade passage modeling strategy for hydraulic turbine

Ruzhi Gong,Chirag Trivedi,Ole G. Dahlhaug,Torbjørn K. Nielsen 한국유체기계학회 2017 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.10 No.4

CFD has played a significant role to investigate the performance and improve the design of hydraulic turbines; however, the improvement of CFD method demands powerful computer resources including time, CPU, memory, and commercial licenses. In present work, both global and local parameters of a high head Francis turbine were studied using several geometrical and interface modelling approaches. The aim of the work is to find suitable strategy for designers to simulate the hydraulic turbines to balance the numerical accuracy and the requirement of computational resources. The geometrical modelling approaches include combinations of turbine components such as, spiral casing, distributor, runner and draft tube. The interface modelling approaches includes, stage, Frozen rotor and transient rotorstator types. The study showed that the proper combinations of both approaches can effectively reduce the numerical error.

Blade passage modeling strategy for hydraulic turbine

Gong, Ruzhi,Trivedi, Chirag,Dahlhaug, Ole G.,Nielsen, Torbjorn K. Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2017 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.10 No.4

CFD has played a significant role to investigate the performance and improve the design of hydraulic turbines; however, the improvement of CFD method demands powerful computer resources including time, CPU, memory, and commercial licenses. In present work, both global and local parameters of a high head Francis turbine were studied using several geometrical and interface modelling approaches. The aim of the work is to find suitable strategy for designers to simulate the hydraulic turbines to balance the numerical accuracy and the requirement of computational resources. The geometrical modelling approaches include combinations of turbine components such as, spiral casing, distributor, runner and draft tube. The interface modelling approaches includes, stage, Frozen rotor and transient rotor-stator types. The study showed that the proper combinations of both approaches can effectively reduce the numerical error.

Analysis of vorticity dynamics for hump characteristics of a pump turbine model

Deyou Li,Ruzhi Gong,Hongjie Wang,Lei Han,Xianzhu Wei,Daqing Qin 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.8

Conventional parameters based on CFD methodology for the investigation on hump characteristics of a pump turbine cannot reflect the dynamic interaction mechanism between the runner and the fluid. This research presents a dynamic interaction mechanism of a pump turbine operating in the hump region. First, vorticity dynamic parameters were obtained based on the theory of vorticity dynamics. Second, 3-D unsteady flow simulations were performed in a full pump turbine model using the SST k-ω turbulence model, and numerical results have a good agreement with the experiments. Then, analysis was carried out to determine the relation between the vorticity dynamic parameters and hump characteristics. The results indicate that the theory of vorticity dynamics has an advantage in evaluating the dynamic performance of a pump turbine. The energy transfer between the runner and the fluid is through vorticity dynamic parameterspressure and friction terms, in which the pressure term accounts for the most. Furthermore, vortex generation mainly results from the skin friction. Combining vorticity dynamic analysis with the method of Q-criterion indicates that hump characteristics are related to the reduction of the surface normal pressure work and vortex motion on the suction surfaces close to the leading edges in the runner, and the increase of skin friction work in the stay-guide vanes.

Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Perivascular Beta-Amyloid Accumulation in the Brain of Aged Rats with Spontaneous Hypertension: Evaluation with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Yu Wang,Ruzhi Zhang,Chuanyuan Tao,Ziqian Xu,Wei Chen,Chunhua Wang,Li Song,Jie Zheng,Fabao Gao 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.3

Objective: Whether blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption induced by chronic spontaneous hypertension is associated with beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BBB disruption and Aβ influx and accumulation in the brain of aged rats with chronic spontaneous hypertension. Materials and Methods: Five aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and five age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied. The volume transfer constant (Ktrans) obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to evaluate BBB permeability in the hippocampus and cortex in vivo. The BBB tight junctions, immunoglobulin G (IgG), Aβ, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the hippocampus and cortex were examined with immunohistochemistry. Results: As compared with WKY rats, the Ktrans values in the hippocampus and cortex of the SHRs increased remarkably (0.316 ± 0.027 min-1 vs. 0.084 ± 0.017 min-1, p < 0.001 for hippocampus; 0.302 ± 0.072 min-1 vs. 0.052 ± 0.047 min-1, p < 0.001 for cortex). Dramatic occludin and zonula occludens-1 losses were detected in the hippocampus and cortex of SHRs, and obvious IgG exudation was found there. Dramatic Aβ accumulation was found and limited to the area surrounding the BBB, without extension to other parenchyma regions in the hippocampus and cortex of aged SHRs. Alternatively, differences in APP expression in the hippocampus and cortex were not significant. Conclusion: Blood-brain barrier disruption is associated with Aβ influx and accumulation in the brain of aged rats with chronic spontaneous hypertension. DCE-MRI can be used as an effective method to investigated BBB damage.

Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor Using GaN/Si Hybrids Nanostructures for pH Sensor

Manchen Zhang,Ruzhi Wang,Zhen Shen,Yuhang Ji 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.9

The pH sensor of an extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET) with gallium nitride/silicon hybrid nanostructure is fabricated and analyzed. Si nanowires (NWs) are fabricated via the Ag-assisted electroless etching technique and are then covered by GaN NWs through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The GaN nanostructure is synthesized by introducing gallium oxide (Ga2O3) and nitrogen (N2) for the growth of NWs. The GaN nanowires supply a larger surface area than that of the pristine Si NWs, where there is a better sensitivity for pH sensor. The GaN/Silicon hybrid sensors exhibit a sensitivity higher (50.4 mV/pH) than that of pristine Si NWs sensors (41.2 mV/pH). This GaN/Si hybrid pH sensor prepared by simple and low-cost method may be potentially applied for cheap biosensor devices.

Human Recombinant Apyrase Therapy Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Preserves Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Rats, as Evaluated by 7T Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Xu Ziqian,Chen Wei,Zhang Ruzhi,Wang Lei,Chen Ridong,Zheng Jie,Gao Fabao 대한영상의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.21 No.6

Objective: The occurrence of intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) and microvascular obstruction (MVO) in myocardial infarction (MI), known as severe ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), has been associated with adverse remodeling. APT102, a soluble human recombinant ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1, can hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides to attenuate their prothrombotic and proinflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to temporally evaluate the therapeutic effect of APT102 on IRI in rats and to elucidate the evolution of IRI in the acute stage using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). Materials and Methods: Fifty-four rats with MI, induced by ligation of the origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 minutes, were randomly divided into the APT102 (n = 27) or control (n = 27) group. Intravenous infusion of APT102 (0.3 mg/kg) or placebo was administered 15 minutes before reperfusion, and then 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and on day 4 after reperfusion. CMRI was performed at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and on day 5 post-reperfusion using a 7T system and the hearts were collected for histopathological examination. Cardiac function was quantified using cine imaging and IMH/edema using T2 mapping, and infarct/MVO using late gadolinium enhancement. Results: The extent of infarction (p < 0.001), edema (p < 0.001), IMH (p = 0.013), and MVO (p = 0.049) was less severe in the APT102 group than in the control group. IMH size at 48 hours was significantly greater than that at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 5 days after reperfusion (all p < 0.001). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly greater in the APT102 group than in the control group (p = 0.006). There was a negative correlation between LVEF and IMH (r = -0.294, p = 0.010) and a positive correlation between IMH and MVO (r = 0.392, p < 0.001). Conclusion: APT102 can significantly alleviate damage to the ischemic myocardium and microvasculature. IMH size peaked at 48 hours post reperfusion and IMH is a downstream consequence of MVO. IMH may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent adverse remodeling in MI.

Influence of Guide Vane Setting in Pump Mode on Performance Characteristics of a Pump-Turbine

Deyou Li,Hongjie Wang,Torbjørn K. Nielsen,Ruzhi Gong,Xianzhu Wei,Daqing Qin 한국유체기계학회 2017 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.10 No.2

Performance characteristics in pump mode of pump-turbines are vital for the safe and effective operation of pumped storage power plants. However, the head characteristics are different under different guide vane openings. In this paper, 3-D steady simulations were performed under 13mm, 19mm and 25mm guide vane openings. Three groups of operating points under the three GVOs were chosen based on experimental validation to investigate the influence of guide vane setting on flow patterns upstream and downstream. The results reveal that, the guide vane setting will obviously change the flow pattern downstream, which in turn influences the flow upstream. It shows a strong effect on hydraulic loss (power dissipation) in the guide and stay vanes. It is also found that the hydraulic loss mainly comes from the flow separation and vortices. In addition, in some operating conditions, the change of guide vane opening will change the flow angle at the runner inlet and outlet, which will change the Euler momentum (power input). The joint action of Euler momentum and hydraulic loss results in the change of the head characteristics.

Influence of Guide Vane Setting in Pump Mode on Performance Characteristics of a Pump-Turbine

Li, Deyou,Wang, Hongjie,Nielsen, Torbjorn K.,Gong, Ruzhi,Wei, Xianzhu,Qin, Daqing Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2017 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.10 No.2

Performance characteristics in pump mode of pump-turbines are vital for the safe and effective operation of pumped storage power plants. However, the head characteristics are different under different guide vane openings. In this paper, 3-D steady simulations were performed under 13mm, 19mm and 25mm guide vane openings. Three groups of operating points under the three GVOs were chosen based on experimental validation to investigate the influence of guide vane setting on flow patterns upstream and downstream. The results reveal that, the guide vane setting will obviously change the flow pattern downstream, which in turn influences the flow upstream. It shows a strong effect on hydraulic loss (power dissipation) in the guide and stay vanes. It is also found that the hydraulic loss mainly comes from the flow separation and vortices. In addition, in some operating conditions, the change of guide vane opening will change the flow angle at the runner inlet and outlet, which will change the Euler momentum (power input). The joint action of Euler momentum and hydraulic loss results in the change of the head characteristics.

First-principle investigation on multiferroicity and interfacial coupling of nonstoichiometric tetragonal La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/BiCoO3 interface

Wei Zhang,Mingzhang Lan,Gencai Guo,Bangming Ming,Shenye Lin,Yanlei Cui,Ruzhi Wang 한국물리학회 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.11

The energetically stable tetragonal nonstoichiometric La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/BiCoO3 (LSMO/BCO) interface, whose chemical formula is (BiO)3(CoO2)4/(LaO)3(SrO)1(MnO2)3, was investigated by using first-principle calculations. A magnetoelectric coupling effect, i.e., an electric control of the magnetism, was approved by a maximum variation of 17.9% in magnetic moments tuned by the electric polarization reversal. The interfacial coupling was controlled by the polar shifts of the interfacial Co and/or O atoms. A huge variation in spin-polarization from 6.3% to 72.7% was achieved upon switching the electric polarization. These findings are useful for magnetoelectric coupled spintronic device applications.

Influence of axial clearance on the performance characteristics of a turbopump

Deyou Li,Zhipeng Ren,Rong Fan,Yafei Chai,Ruzhi Gong,Hongjie Wang 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.10

To evaluate the influence of axial clearance on the performance characteristics in turbopumps, numerical simulations of an entire flow passage were carried out. The simulations were validated by performance characteristic experiments. The progress of the reciprocating axial movement in the rotor between the front and back covers was disassembled into five fixed clearances groups. Hump characteristic occurs at the same flow rate under these clearances groups. The hydraulic loss of the inducer-impeller was clearly influenced by the clearances. In particular, the hydraulic loss of the impeller changes significantly at the low flow rate under the ±0.3 mm clearance. With the increase of the flow rate, the effect of the clearance change on the flow is weakened. An innovative entropy production analysis was also performed. The distribution of the high local entropy production rate at the impeller inlet under the 0 mm clearance and at the impeller outlet under the −0.15 mm and −0.3 mm clearances overlapped with the vortex caused by flow separation, and the counterpart at the back cover is concentrated around the clearance structures, thereby leading to high hydraulic loss.