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Rupak Aryal,Sarvanamuthu Vigneswaran,Paripurnanda Loganathan,Jayakumar Kandasamy,Thamer Mohammed 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.8
Urban stormwater runoff, which consists of inorganic and organic contaminants, is a major source of pollutants to receiving waters and therefore they need to be removed. Simultaneous removal of contaminants, Cd^(2+), Cu^(2+),Ni^(2+), Zn^(2+) (heavy metal cations), and SeO_4^(2−) (oxyanion) from a simulated stormwater by a hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)was studied in batch and column sorption experiments. In the batch experiment the rate of sorption of the ions was rapid at the beginning and reached equilibrium in approximately 300 min. The amounts of ions sorbed were proportionate to the respective initial concentration of the ions added to the HFO. Cluster analysis showed that all heavy metals had similar sorption behavior, whereas Se had a distinctly different sorption process. Of the three different kinetic models tested the pseudo-first order kinetic model fitted the data the best. The column experimental results beyond 180 min were consistent with those of the batch experiment that the removal efficiencies of the ions were in proportion to the ion concentration in the feed. Below 180 min, Cu appeared to be preferentially removed than Zn.
Review of Stormwater Quality, Quantity and Treatment Methods Part 2: Stormwater: Quality Modelling
Rupak Aryal,J. Kandasamy,S. Vigneswaran,R. Naidu,S. H. Lee 대한환경공학회 2009 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.14 No.3
In this paper, review of stormwater quality and quantity in the urban environment is presented. The review is presented in three parts. This second part reviews the mathematical techiques used in the stromwater quality modelling and has been undertaken by examining a number of models that are in current use. The important features of models are discussed.
Evaluation of Particle Transport in Permeable Pavements under Oil Loadings
Rupak Aryal,Simon Beecham,이병규 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.7
Permeable pavements with gravel base courses promote infiltration of stormwater and can improve water quality. However, finer grained particles on the surface of the pavements or their surrounding areas may enter the underlying void spaces along with stormwater due to their wash-off behavior and their smaller size. After entry into the void space, the smaller particles can act as a barrier that may reduce the infiltration over time. This can reduce the functionality of the pavement and can alter water quality by either sorbing or leaching chemicals present in the infiltrating stormwater. Factors affecting the particulate deposition in the void spaces include shape and size, hydrophobicity, natural organic matter, metals, and the surface charge of the particulate as well as the media. Red sand particles of three sizes <10, 10-25 and 30-50 μm with crankcase oil and without crankcase oil were mixed with semi-artificial stormwater and passed at a constant flow rate through a glass column containing aggregate with and without being pre-soaked in crankcase oil. This study focused on the resulting transport behavior of particles less than 50 μm in diameter, which were generally not picked up by street sweeping. The results show that the particles with and without oil transported in the column at different scales. The presence of oil in the infiltration media and in the stormwater had a nearly 10 fold higher risk of becoming clogged than when no oil was present. Similarly the calculated serviceable life of pavement was reduced by a similar factor when oil was present.
Comparison and contrast of plant, yeast, and mammalian ER stress and UPR
Rupak Chakraborty,백지형,배은영,김외연,이상렬,김민갑 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.3
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a wellcharacterized protein folding mechanism in eukaryotic organisms. Many secretory and membrane proteins are folded in the ER before they are translocated to their functional destination. Various conditions, such as biotic, abiotic, or physiological stresses, lead to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER, resulting in ER stress. In response to ER stress, cells initiate a protective response called the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain cellular homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE1) is a universal ER stress sensor in yeast, mammals, and plants. IRE1-mediated splicing of UPR transducers, such as HAC1, XBP1, and bZIP60, triggers the UPR in yeast, mammals, and plants, respectively. In mammals, activated transcription factor 6 and double stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinases are involved in the UPR. In plants, the additional UPR transducers bZIP28 and bZIP17 are activated by Golgi-localized S1P and S2P proteases. Subsequently, these UPR transducers are exported to the nucleus and upregulate the expression of UPR-responsive genes encoding BiP, calreticulin, calnexin, protein disulfide isomerase, and glucose-regulated protein 94 to decrease the amount of misfolded proteins and induce endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. In plants, the UPR signaling pathway plays an important role in ER homeostasis and normal biological processes; however, the molecular mechanisms of the UPR in plants remain poorly understood. This paper provides an overview of the regulatory and signaling mechanisms of the UPR across kingdoms. In addition, the emerging role of the UPR in plant physiology and defense response will be discussed.
Numerical analysis of the effect of tool wear on surface integrity during hard turning
Rupak Kumar Nayak,Gaurav Bartarya,Manas Ranjan Sahoo 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.3
The white layer formed during hard turning deteriorates surface integrity, thereby severely affecting the fatigue life of machined parts. A 2D FEM-based simulation model has been developed to simulate cutting temperature profiles in workpieces for the prediction of white layer thickness developed below the machined surface. Machining was simulated for fresh and worn tools with predefined flank wear. The temperature profile generated in the workpiece was analyzed for the critical temperature for phase transformation leading to white layer formation. The critical temperature was found to be deeper in the subsurface with an increase in cutting speed and wear, indicating a thicker subsurface white layer. Experimental observations using fresh tools were found very close to the simulation results. The model was extended to simulate temperature profile and predict the white layer for machining with tools having predefined tool flank wear.
Review of Stormwater Quality, Quantity and Treatment Methods Part 1: Stormwater Quantity Modelling
Rupak Aryal,J. Kandasamy,S. Vigneswarant,R. Naidu,S. H. Lee 대한환경공학회 2009 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.14 No.2
A review of stormwater quantity and quality in the urban environment is presented. The review is presented in three parts. The first part reviews the mathematical methods for stormwater quantity and has been undertaken by examining a number of stormwater models that are in current use. The important feature of models, their applications, and management has been discussed. Different types of stormwater management models are presented in the literatures. Generally, all the models are simplified as conceptual or empirical depending on whether the model is based on physical laws or not. In both cases if any of the variables in the model are regarded as random variables having a probability distribution, then the model is stochastic model. Otherwise the model is deterministic (based on process descriptions). The analytical techniques are presented in this paper.