Role of active and passive smoking in high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse

Rui-Mei Feng,Shang-Ying Hu,Fang-Hui Zhao,Rong Zhang,Xun Zhang,Asya Izraelit Wallach,You-Lin Qiao 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.5

Objective: We performed a pooled analysis to examine cigarette smoking and householdpassive smoke exposure in relation to the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection andcervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+). Methods: Data were pooled from 12 cross-sectional studies for cervical cancer screeningsfrom 10 provinces of China in 1999–2007. A total of 16,422 women were analyzed, alongwith 2,392 high-risk-HPV (hr-HPV) positive women and 381 CIN2+ cases. Pooled odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression modelscontrolling for sexual and non-sexual confounding factors. Results: There was an excess risk between active smoking and hr-HPV infection and CIN2+. Adjusted OR for ever smokers vs. never smokers was 1.45 (95% CI=1.10–1.91), for hr-HPVinfection and 1.89 (95% CI=1.03–3.44), for CIN2+. Passive smoking had a slightly increasedrisk on the hr-HPV infection with adjusted OR 1.11 (1.00–1.24), but no statistical associationwas observed between passive smoke exposure and CIN2+. Compared with the neither activenor passive smokers, both active and passive smokers had a 1.57-fold (95% CI=1.14–2.15)increased risk of HPV infection and a 1.99-fold (95% CI=1.02–3.88) risk of CIN2+. Conclusion: Our large multi-center cross-sectional study found active smoking couldincrease the risk of overall hr-HPV infection and CIN2+ adjusted by passive smoking andother factors. Passive smoking mildly increased the risk of HPV infection but not the CIN2+. An interaction existed between passive tobacco exposure and active smoking for hr-HPVinfection and the CIN2+.

Meta-analysis of the Association Between GSTM1 and GSTT1 Gene Polymorphisms and Cervical Cancer

Zhang, Zhen-Yong,Jin, Xue-Ying,Wu, Rong,Wu, Li-Na,Xing, Rui,Yang, Shu-Juan,Xie, Yao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

Aim: We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms on cervical cancer risk, and explore gene-environment interactions. Methods: Identification of relevant studies was carried out through a search of Medline and the EMbase up to Oct. 2011. All case-control studies that investigated the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and risk of cervical cancer were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was used for analyses of results and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: A total of 21 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis of GSTM1 (2,378 cases and 2,639 controls) and GSTT1 (1,229 cases and 1,223 controls) genotypes. The overall results showed that the GSTM1 null was related to an increased risk of cervical cancer (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.21-1.85). Subgroup analysis were performed based on smoking and ethnicity. Our results showed that smokers with null GSTM1 genotype had a moderate increased risk of cervical cancer (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.07-3.20). For the ethnicity stratification, moderate significantly increased risk of null GSTM1 genotype was found in Chinese (OR=2.12, 95% CI=1.43-3.15) and Indian populations (OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.49-2.88), but no increased risk was noted in others. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provided strong evidence that the GSTM1 genotype is associated with the development of cervical cancer, especially in smokers, and Chinese and Indian populations. However, no association was found for GSTT1 null genotype carriers.

Quality improvement effects of electrolyzed water on rice noodles prepared with semidry-milled rice flours

Rui Liu,Zhang-Long Yu,Yuan-Lin Sun,Li-Tao Tong,Li-Ya Liu,Li-Li Wang,Xian-Rong Zhou,Su-Mei Zhou 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.6

To investigate the effects of electrolyzed watertreatment on the qualities of rice noodles prepared withsemidry- milled rice flour, pasting properties and thermalproperties of rice flour, and the cooking and texturalproperties of rice noodles were determined. Higher peakviscosity and lower melting enthalpy were observed inelectrolyzed water (EW) treated rice flour. The hardness,gumminess and chewiness of rice noodle in slightly acidicelectrolyzed water treated rice noodles with availablechlorine concentration (ACC) 20.32 mg/L were increasedsignificantly (p\0.05). The cooking loss decreased significantlyin strong acidic electrolyzed water treated noodleswith ACC 10.09 mg/L treatment (p\0.05). Theresults indicated that EW could promote the gelatinizationof rice flour, and improve the textural qualities of ricenoodles. Therefore EW was appropriate to be used in ricenoodle production.

Flexural bearing capacity of diaphragm-through joints of concrete-filled square steel tubular columns

Ruoyu Zhang,Bin Rong,Rui Liu,Zhi-Hua Chen,Fafitis Apostolos 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.20 No.3

In order to investigate the flexural bearing capacity of panel zone of diaphragm-through joint between concrete filled square steel tubular column and steel beam, four specimens were tested under static tension loads to study the mechanical properties and bearing capacity of diaphragm-through joints with a failure mode of panel zone. Finite element models of these specimens were developed to simulate the test and compare the predicted failure modes, load-displacement curves and bearing capacities with the experimentally observed. It was found that the tensile load from the steel beam flange is mainly shared by the square steel tube and the diaphragm. The diaphragm plastic zone appears along the cross-section lines enclosed by the square steel tube and the influence of steel beam web on the plastic zone of the steel tube is significant and cannot be neglected. Computational models of yield lines on square steel tube and diaphragm are established based on the distribution pattern of the plastic zone, and an analytical method for the evaluation of the bearing capacity of the joint is proposed. The theoretical results and the experimental data are compared and found in good agreement.

Development of a Novel Spawn (Block Spawn) of an Edible Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, in Liquid Culture and its Cultivation Evaluation

( Wei-rui Zhang ),( Sheng-rong Liu ),( Yun-bo Kuang ),( Shi-zhong Zheng ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.1

Mushroom cultivation has gained increased attention in recent years. Currently, only four types of spawn, including sawdust spawn, grain spawn, liquid spawn, and stick spawn, are commonly available for mushroom cultivation. This limited spawn diversity has led to difficulty in selecting suitable inoculum materials in some cultivation. In this study, three small blocks of lignocellulosic agro-wastes and one block of a synthetic matrix were prepared as support for growing Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid medium. Mycelium-adsorbed blocks were then evaluated for their potential as block spawn for fructification. Our results indicated that the edible fungus was adsorbed and abundantly grew internally and externally on loofah sponge and synthetic polyurethane foam (PUF) supports and also has the ability to attach and grow on the surface of sugarcane bagasse and corncob supports. The mycelia of P. ostreatus adhered on corncob exhibited the highest metabolic activity, while those on the PUF showed the least activity. Mycelial extension rates of block spawns made of agro-waste materials were comparable to that of sawdust spawn, but the block spawn of PUF showed a significantly lower rate. No significant differences in cropping time and yield were observed among cultivations between experimental block spawns and sawdust spawns. Moreover, the corncob block spawn maintained its fruiting potential during an examined period of 6-month storage. The developed block spawn could be practically applied in mushroom cultivation.

An Epigenetic Mechanism Underlying Doxorubicin Induced EMT in the Human BGC-823 Gastric Cancer Cell

Han, Rong-Fei,Ji, Xiang,Dong, Xing-Gao,Xiao, Rui-Jing,Liu, Yan-Ping,Xiong, Jie,Zhang, Qiu-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.10

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step during embryonic morphogenesis and plays an important role in drug resistance and metastasis in diverse solid tumors. We previously reported that 48 h treatment of anti-cancer drug doxorubicin could induce EMT in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. However, the long term effects of this transient drug treatment were unknown. In this study we found that after 48 h treatment with $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ doxorubicin, most cells died during next week, while a minor population of cells survived and formed colonies. We propagated the surviving cells in drug free medium and found that these long term cultured drug survival cells (abbreviated as ltDSCs) retained a mesenchymal-like cell morphology, and expressed high levels of EMT-related molecules such as vimentin, twist and ${\beta}$-catenin. The expression of chromatin reprogramming factors, Oct4 and c-myc, were also higher in ltDSCs than parental cells. We further demonstrated that the protein level of p300 was upregulated in ltDSCs, and inhibition of p300 by siRNA suppressed the expression of vimentin. Moreover, the ltDSCs had higher colony forming ability and were more drug resistant when compared to parental cells. Our results suggested that an epigenetic mechanism is involved in the EMT of ltDSCs.

Hyperproduction of exopolysaccharides by submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum using a solid seed grown in finepowder of wheat bran and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the exopolysaccharides produced

Sheng-Rong Liu,Wei-Rui Zhang 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.4

To facilitate Ganoderma lucidum submerged culture and obtain high productivity, a fine powder of wheat bran was used to grow the fungus for solid-state fermentation and as solid seed for its submerged cultures. The results indicated that the optimal inoculum size was low, being 0.75 g in 250 mL-sized flasks containing 80 mL medium. The maximal exopolysaccharide concentration and biomass produced was 0.74 and 14.71 g/L, respectively, which is considerably higher than that obtained with the commonly used mycelial pellet liquid seed (0.47 and 8.56 g/L, respectively). The EPS and biomass productivity of the solid seed cultures decreased only slightly, even after a 6-month storage period. EPS produced showed higher antioxidant activity compared with that produced in the liquid seed cultures. The developed solid seed can serve as a ready-to-use inoculum for long-term use in G. lucidum submerged culture for the hyperproduction of highly bioactive EPS and biomass.

Studies on T-Shaped composite columns consist of multi separate concrete-filled square tubular steel sections under eccentric axial load

Ruoyu Zhang,Bin Rong,Guangchao You,Changxi Feng,Rui Liu 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.22 No.2

In order to investigate mechanical properties and load-bearing capacity of T-shaped Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular (TCFST) composite columns under eccentric axial load, three T-shaped composite columns were tested under eccentric compression. Experimental results show that failure mode of the columns under eccentric compression was bending buckling of the whole specimen, and mono column performs flexural buckling. Specimens behaved good ductility and load-bearing capacity. Nonlinear finite element analysis was also employed in this investigation. The failure mode, the load-displacement curve and the ultimate bearing capacity of the finite element analysis are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Based on eccentric compression test and parametric finite element analysis, the calculation formula for the equivalent slenderness ratio was proposed and the bearing capacity of TCFST composite columns under eccentric compression was calculated. Results of theoretical calculation, parametric finite element analysis and eccentric compression experiment accord well with each other, which indicates that the theoretical calculation method of the bearing capacity is advisable.

Optimization of submerged culture conditions involving a developed fine powder solid seed for exopolysaccharide production by the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Sheng-Rong Liu,Wei-Rui Zhang 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.4

To facilitate Ganoderma lucidum submergedcultivation and achieve high productivity, four fine powdersolid substrates incorporated with different nitrogen-richsupplements were utilized to grow the fungus and as solidseed for its submerged culture. Of the four solid seeds, thesoybean meal solid seed gave the highest biomass (10.73 g/L) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) (1.22 g/L), higher thanthose (8.36 g/L biomass and 0.44 g/L EPS) obtained withmycelial liquid seed. The optimal level of soybean mealsupplementation was 20% (w/w) for production of the solidseed. Following single factor experiments, levels of threeselected process variables were optimized as: the moisturecontent of solid seed, 70%; inoculum size, 0.8 g/flask; androtary speed, 160 rpm. These conditions were validatedexperimentally with improved EPS yield of 1.33 g/L. Thedeveloped solid seed can be conveniently used for G. lucidumsubmerged culture with improved EPS productivity.

Autoxidation of Cycloalkenes by the System “Molecular Oxygen-bis(acetylacetonato) Cobalt (II) Complex-butyraldehyde”

Zhao Fang,Rui-ren Tang,Rui-rong Zhang,Ke-long Huang 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.10

Oxidation of cycloalkenes with O2 promoted by heterogeneous bis(acetylacetonato) cobalt (II) complex catalyst which can be recycled has been performed under mild conditions. It was found that β-ionone, cyclohexene,1-methylcyclohexene, and α-ionone were efficiently oxidized with O2 in the presence of Co (II) complex and butyraldehyde at 55 oC. A simple treatment of the resulting products led to epoxides as predominant products and a small amounts of allylic oxides, the chemoselectivity for the former being 82.1 - 90.8% with a 70.6 - 98.6% substrate conversion. On the other hand, oxidation of 1-phenylcyclohexene, 1-cyclohex-1-enylethan-1-one, α-pinene, and β-pinene gave allylic oxides as major products.