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- 저자 : Rogan, Conner J. (검색결과 7 건)
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( Slavko Rogan ),( Roger Hilfiker ),( Peter Clarys ),( Ron Clijsen ),( Jan Taeymansa ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2011 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.23 No.1
The purpose of this study was to describe the morphological characteristics in German amateur soccer players based upon their ranking in the championship table and the position of the players. Seventy-two male Fifth Division soccer players from four clubs volunteered for this study. The examination of the teams was conducted within 10 days of the preparation period for the second half of the season when teams A through D were ranked 6th, 5th, 2nd and 11th in the Division. Anthropometric measurements included body weight and height, skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, calf), biepicondylar humerus and femur breadths, upper arm (flexed and tensed), thigh and calf girths. Somatotypes were calculated using the Heath-Carter equations.No differences were found between the means of the different anthropometric variables of the four teams (p <.05). In all groups, the somatotype means of the soccer players were mesomorph-endomorph. Compared to field players, goalkeepers showed higher values for body height, body weight and arm girth (p <.05).This study showed that there were no anthropometric and somatotype differences between the soccer teams of different club ranking. Compared to field players, goalkeepers showed higher body height and weight, higher biepicondylar femur and humerus breadths, hig8her arm, thigh and calf girths, and higher mesomorphy. Discriminant function analyses were unable to separate the players` position on the basis of body composition or somatotype. No differences were found between the means of the different anthropometric variables of the four teams (p < .05).
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The bacterial type III-secreted protein AvrRps4 is a bipartite effector
Halane, Morgan K.,Kim, Sang Hee,Spears, Benjamin J.,Garner, Christopher M.,Rogan, Conner J.,Okafor, Elizabeth C.,Su, Jianbin,Bhattacharjee, Saikat,Gassmann, Walter Public Library of Science 2018 PLoS pathogens Vol.14 No.3
<▼1><P>Bacterial effector proteins secreted into host plant cells manipulate those cells to the benefit of the pathogen, but effector-triggered immunity (ETI) occurs when effectors are recognized by host resistance proteins. The RPS4/RRS1 pair recognizes the <I>Pseudomonas syringae</I> pv. pisi effector AvrRps4. AvrRps4 is processed <I>in planta</I> into AvrRps4<SUP>N</SUP> (133 amino acids), homologous to the N-termini of other effectors including the native <I>P</I>. <I>syringae</I> pv. tomato strain DC3000 effector HopK1, and AvrRps4<SUP>C</SUP> (88 amino acids). Previous data suggested that AvrRps4<SUP>C</SUP> alone is necessary and sufficient for resistance when overexpressed in heterologous systems. We show that delivering AvrRps4<SUP>C</SUP> from DC3000, but not from a DC3000 <I>hopK1</I><SUP><I>-</I></SUP> strain, triggers resistance in the Arabidopsis accession Col-0. Delivering AvrRps4<SUP>C</SUP> in tandem with AvrRps4<SUP>N</SUP>, or as a chimera with HopK1<SUP>N</SUP>, fully complements AvrRps4-triggered immunity. AvrRps4<SUP>N</SUP> in the absence of AvrRps4<SUP>C</SUP> enhances virulence in Col-0. In addition, AvrRps4<SUP>N</SUP> triggers a hypersensitive response in lettuce that is attenuated by coexpression of AvrRps4<SUP>C</SUP>, further supporting the role of AvrRps4<SUP>N</SUP> as a bona fide effector domain. Based on these results we propose that evolutionarily, fusion of AvrRps4<SUP>C</SUP> to AvrRps4<SUP>N</SUP> may have counteracted recognition of AvrRps4<SUP>N</SUP>, and that the plant <I>RPS4/RRS1</I> resistance gene pair was selected as a countermeasure. We conclude that AvrRps4 represents an unusual chimeric effector, with recognition in Arabidopsis by RPS4/RRS1 requiring the presence of both processed effector moieties.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P>An important component of the plant immune system relies on the detection of pathogen-derived effectors by immune receptors called resistance proteins. Bacterial pathogens inject effectors into the host cell via a dedicated secretion system to suppress defenses and to manipulate the physiology of the host cell to the pathogen's advantage. Usually, a single resistance protein recognizes a single effector, but an increasing number of exceptions and elaborations on this one-to-one relationship are known. The plant Arabidopsis uses a pair of resistance proteins, RRS1 and RPS4, to detect the effector AvrRps4. After injection into the cell, AvrRps4 is cleaved into two protein parts, and it had been assumed that only the C-terminal part needs to be present to trigger RPS4/RRS1. We show here that both AvrRps4 parts are required for triggering resistance in Arabidopsis, and that the N-terminal part, which previously had been assumed to only function in effector secretion into the host cell, in fact on its own has some functions of an effector. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the N-terminal part of AvrRps4 is sufficient to trigger resistance in lettuce. The fusion of the two AvrRps4 parts may have arisen to counteract plant defenses.</P></▼2>
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Marijana Ponjavic,Marija S. Nikolic,Sanja Jevtic,Jelena Rogan,Sanja Stevanovic,Jasna Djonlagic 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.4
Two series, one of triblock (PCL/PEO/PCL) and the other of diblock (PCL/PEO) copolymers were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone catalized with tin(II) octoate and by using dihydroxy or monohydroxy poly(ethylene oxide) as the macroinitiator. The PEO block length was fixed (Mn 1,000 g/mol) and the PCL block lengths (Mn 10,000-40,000 g/mol) were tailored by changing weight ratio of ε-CL/PEO. The copolymers’ structure was confirmed by 1H and quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy while their molecular weights were determined by GPC analysis. The thermal properties and the degree of crystallinity of the copolymers were investigated and compared by using DSC and WAXS. Both types of copolymers were semicrystalline with the orthorhombic PCL crystal lattice. The surface morphology of the copolymer films was investigated by using optical microscopy and AFM analysis, which confirmed the spherulitic lamellar structure with spherulites of different diameters. Data indicated that a low content of PEO segment had an influence on thermal degradation behavior, crystallinity and morphology of copolymers. Roughness of copolymer films was affected by the content of PEO and correlated with the spherulites’ diameter. The small changes in water and moisture absorption properties of copolymers compared to homopolymer PCL were observed.
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Malek B. Hannouf,Eric Winquist,Salaheddin M. Mahmud,Muriel Brackstone,Sisira Sarma,George Rodrigues,Peter K. Rogan,Jeffrey S. Hoch,Gregory S. Zaric 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.1
Purpose The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of occult gastrointestinal (GI) primary tumours in patients with metastatic cancer of uncertain primary origin and evaluate their influence on treatments and overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods We used population heath data from Manitoba, Canada to identify all patients initially diagnosed with metastatic cancer between 2002 and 2011. We defined patients to have “occult” primary tumour if the primary was found at least 6 months after initial diagnosis. Otherwise, we considered primary tumours as “obvious.” We used propensity-score methods to match each patient with occult GI tumour to four patients with obvious GI tumour on all known clinicopathologic features. We compared treatments and 2-year survival data between the two patient groups and assessed treatment effect on OS using Cox regression adjustment. Results Eighty-three patients had occult GI primary tumours, accounting for 17.6% of men and 14% of women with metastatic cancer of uncertain primary. A 1:4 matching created a matched group of 332 patients with obvious GI primary tumour. Occult cases compared to the matched group were less likely to receive surgical interventions and targeted biological therapy, and more likely to receive cytotoxic empiric chemotherapeutic agents. Having an occult GI tumour was associated with reduced OS and appeared to be a nonsignificant independent predictor of OS when adjusting for treatment differences. Conclusion GI tumours are the most common occult primary tumours in men and the second most common in women. Patients with occult GI primary tumours are potentially being undertreated with available GI site-specific and targeted therapies.
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