Error Tolerant Video Transmission using FEC and Multi-level Coding

Riley, Martyn J.,Irichardson, ain E. G. 대한전자공학회 1994 ISPACS:Intelligent Signal Processing and Communica Vol.1 No.1

Emerging communication networks based on the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)' are designed to support the transport of real-time compressed video traffic. At times of congestion, buffer overflow can occur, and cells are lost. Compressed video traffic is extremely sensitive to data loss. Recently Forward Error Correction (FEt) has been suggested as a means of recovering ATM cell loss during the transmission of compressed video. We investigate rodeo compressed using two different operating modes of the JPEG International Standard. We consider the base-line and the Progressive Spectral Selection (PSS) mode of the JPEG standard. The PSS JPEG algorithm allows video to be compressed into a number of separate spatial frequency bands or scans, each scan consisting of a different sequence of coded Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients. We have shown' that each scan exhibits a different tolerance to cell loss. Therefore, we add varying amounts of FEC parity information to each of the scans depending on their sensitivity to cell loss. We compare the PSS JPEG algorithm, with varying quantities of FEC on each scan, to the base-Line JPEG algorithm, with a constant amount of FEC added across all spatial frequencies. We perform an experiment to transmit a number of coded video sequences resulting from real traffic streams through a simple simulated ATM network which introduces a high level of cell loss. We re-animate the received traffic streams and perform subjective quality evaluation.

ANALYSIS OF EQUILIBRIUM METHODS FOR THE COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF THE MARK-IV ELECTR OREFINER

RILEY CUMBERLAND,ROBERT HOOVER,SUPATHORN PHONGIKAROON,임만성 한국원자력학회 2011 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.43 No.6

Two computational methods for determining equilibrium states for the Mark-IV electrorefiner (ER) have been assessed to improve the current computational electrorefiner model developed at University of Idaho. Both methods were validated against measured data to better understand their effects on the calculation of the equilibrium compositions in the ER. In addition, a sensitivity study was performed on the effect of specific unknown activity coefficients—including sodium in molten cadmium, zirconium in molten cadmium, and sodium chloride in molten LiCl-KCl. Both computational methods produced identical results, which stayed within the 95% confidence interval of the experimental data. Furthermore, sensitivity to unavailable activity coefficients was found to be low (a change in concentration of less than 3 ppm).

부부의 매장지위치를 통한 친족제도의 복원연구 : 19세기 미국 일리노이주의 예

Riley, Thomas J.,권학수 단국대학교 중앙박물관 1992 博物館紀要 Vol.- No.8

Black Tea Exhibits a Dose-Dependent Response in Saos-2 Cell Mineralization

Riley E. Cleverdon,Michael D. McAlpine,Wendy E. Ward 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.9

Higher bone mineral density (BMD) is often associated with greater consumption of black tea (BT). However, the dose–response of BT on mineralization in an osteoblast cell model has not yet been studied. The study objective was to determine the dose-dependent response of BT in Saos-2 cells and investigate changes to several proteins involved in the mineralization process. Mineralization was induced in the presence of BT at concentrations that represent levels likely achieved through daily consumption (0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1 μg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/mL) or through supplementation (2, 5, or 10 μg GAE/mL). BT exerted a positive dose–response on bone mineralization, peaking at 1 μg GAE/mL of BT (P < .05). Cellular activity was significantly greater than control with exposure to 2–10 μg GAE/mL of BT (at 24 h) (P < .05) and 1–10 μg GAE/mL (at 48 h) (P < .05), with a peak at 5 μg GAE/mL at 24 and 48 h (P < .05). Protein expression of alkaline phosphatase and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 were unchanged, whereas a moderate dose of BT (0.75 μg GAE/mL) resulted in greater expression of osteopontin compared with the highest dose (10 μg GAE/mL) (P < .05). Doses of BT from 0.5 to 10 μg GAE/mL resulted in higher antioxidant capacity compared with control (P < .05). In summary, the higher antioxidant capacity, enhanced cell viability, and upregulated mineralization suggest that consumption of BT may have a positive effect on BMD at levels obtained through consumption of tea.

A Multilateral Approach to Investor-State Dispute Settlement Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region

Riley John 이준국제법연구원 2021 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.14 No.1

Bilateral agreements are not the optimal solution to address modern challenges regarding the resolution of investment disputes. The time has come for multilateral agreements to define a clear procedure for resolving investment disputes and the formation of arbitration for these purposes. On November 15, 2020, ASEAN members and five regional partners signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), arguably the largest free trade agreement in history. Although the RCEP agreement defines the basic principles of legal protection of investments, it does not contain a procedure for settling disputes directly between investors and parties to the agreement, i.e., Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS), but rather postpones the issue for future negotiations. Nevertheless, a majority of countries understand the importance of investment protection and have significant outward FDI that will support stronger ISDS protections within a multilateral framework. Therefore, it is recommended that in the near future member countries will come to an agreement and adopt appropriate amendments to the RCEP regarding ISDS.

북미 포장기계류제조협회(PMMI) 시리즈 ④ - 노인 친화적인 패키징의 필요성

Riley, Sean (사)한국포장협회 2019 包裝界 Vol.317 No.-

The Pharmaceutical-Related Provisions of the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement

John Riley 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2011 江原法學 Vol.32 No.-

ANALYSIS OF EQUILIBRIUM METHODS FOR THE COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF THE MARK-IV ELECTR OREFINER

Cumberland, Riley,Hoover, Robert,Phongikaroon, Supathorn,Yim, Man-Sung Korean Nuclear Society 2011 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.43 No.6

Two computational methods for determining equilibrium states for the Mark-IV electrorefiner (ER) have been assessed to improve the current computational electrorefiner model developed at University of Idaho. Both methods were validated against measured data to better understand their effects on the calculation of the equilibrium compositions in the ER. In addition, a sensitivity study was performed on the effect of specific unknown activity coefficients-including sodium in molten cadmium, zirconium in molten cadmium, and sodium chloride in molten LiCl-KCl. Both computational methods produced identical results, which stayed within the 95% confidence interval of the experimental data. Furthermore, sensitivity to unavailable activity coefficients was found to be low (a change in concentration of less than 3 ppm).

A Computational Meta-Analysis of UCl₃ Cyclic Voltammograms in LiCl-KCl Electrolyte

Cumberland, Riley M.,Yim, Man-Sung The Electrochemical Society 2014 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.161 No.4

<P>As a way to characterize the values of key parameters for modeling electrochemical transport of elements in a molten salt system, a meta-analysis of CV reduction peaks for UCl<SUB>3</SUB> in LiCl-KCl eutectic was performed. Published CV data was fit using least squares fitting software coupled with electrochemical simulation software. The analysis yielded estimates of apparent standard potential, the diffusion coefficient, and the exchange current density for each reaction. The results for the UCl<SUB>3</SUB> reduction peak matched well with existing data.</P>

LEGAL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

John Riley 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2021 江原法學 Vol.62 No.-

인공 지능 (AI)은 빠르게 우리의 삶으로 들어와 인간 활동의 거의 모든 영역에 영향을 미치고 있다. 오늘날 의학, 산업, 무역, 고객 서비스 등에 있어 인공 지능 없이 일을 한다는 것은 상상하기조차 어려워졌다. 인공 지능의 효능을 보여주는 가장 인기 있는 사례 중 하나로 꼽히고 있는 무인자동차의 개발은 교통사고율을 현저히 감소시킨다는 초기 추정치가 있다. 이것의 효율과는 관계없이 AI의 오류나 시스템 결함으로 인해 발생한 많은 사고가 입증하듯 AI가 인간에게 해를 초래할 수도 있다. 소프트웨어 개발자, 자동차 제조업체 또는 운전자가 자율 주행 차량(AV)과 관련한 피해에 대해 법적 책임이 있는지의 여부가 아직 해결되지 않고 있다. 다른 많은 국가들과 마찬가지로 한국에서도 2020 년 5 월부터 시행된 자율 주행차 상용화 촉진 및 지원에 관한 법률을 도입하여 자율 주행차 사용을 규제하고 있다. 현재까지 손해 배상의 책임은 운전자에게 주어진다. 하지만 사고 당시에 차량 운전이 제조업체의 통제하에 있을 수 있어 오늘날 AV의 시대에 납득되지 않을 수 있으므로, 이것이 AV 자동차 제조업체의 큰 법적 책임으로 이어질 수도 있다. 기술이 완성되고 테스트 될 때까지는 운전자의 책임하에 주의를 기울이고 필요에 따라 운전 기능을 수행해야 하며, 안전한 날씨나 운전 상황 등이 갖춰지지 않은 불확실한 경우에는 자율주행 모드를 사용하지 않도록 해야 한다는 사실로 인해 상황이 복잡하다. AV가 인간의 통제를 덜 활용하는 수준으로 발전함에 따라 자동차 제조업체가 더 많은 책임을 져야 할 것으로 널리 생각된다. 하지만 이는 자동차의 설계 및 제조, 자동차를 조작하는 소프트웨어 시스템의 잠재적 결함에 더해 운전자의 잠재적 과실도 고려해야 하며 이러한 상호 작용으로 인한 사고의 주원인을 판단하고, 궁극적으로 사고 보상에 대한 책임 및 잠재적인 형사 책임을 결정하는 긴 프로세스가 될 것이다. 이 문서는 법적 책임에 대한 EU와 미국의 다양한 접근 방식과 기업이 불법 행위 책임으로부터 자신을 보호하기 위해 취하고 있는 조치들을 분석하고 있다. Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly entering our lives, affecting almost every area of human activity. Today it is difficult to imagine how one can do without artificial intelligence in medicine, industry, trade, customer service, etc. Perhaps one of the most popular examples demonstrating the efficacy of AI has been the development of driverless vehicles with early estimates indicating a significant reduction in automobile accidents. Regardless of its effectiveness, AI can cause harm as evidenced by many accidents caused by errors or system flaws. Whether software developers, automobile manufacturers or drivers should be legally responsible for damages involving autonomous vehicles (AV) remains unresolved. South Korea, like many other countries, has begun implementing legislation to regulate the use of autonomous vehicles, e.g., the Act on the Promotion and Support of Commercialization of Autonomous Vehicles, which went into effect in May 2020. To date, the liability for damages remains with the driver of the car. However, this model may not make sense in the age of AVs because the driving of the vehicle may be under control of the manufacturer at the time of the accident, which may result significant liability for AV manufacturers. This situation is complicated by the fact that, until the technology is perfected and tested, it is expected for the driver to remain alert and take over the driving function when necessary, and for AV not to be used in autonomous mode unless certain conditions are met, e.g., safe weather and driving conditions. Although it is widely assumed the car manufacturers will assume more liability as AVs develop to the point of utilizing less human control, this will be a long process considering potential defects in design and manufacturing of the cars, the software systems running the cars, as well as potential negligence of the driver, and how these interplay in determining the primary cause and, ultimately, the responsibility for accident compensation. This paper analyzes various approaches to liability in the EU and United States, as well as measures companies are taking to protect themselves from tort liability.