How Potential UK Tourists Perceived South Korea as a Tourism Destination Brand

Rhea Kim,허종호(Jong-Ho Huh),Ji-Bum Jung 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.2

Recently, tourists often consider travel destinations to be ‘brands’, which has a significant effect on their future destination choices. Indeed, famous destinations already have a personality that is more or less embedded in the minds of consumers. For this reason, destination marketing organizations have begun embracing various branding techniques that were previously only utilized for product brands. In this context, the paper strived to ascertain the destination brand personality with South Korea in mind. The paper employed a survey research method with both quantitative and qualitative aspects among UK respondents in order to measure the brand personality of South Korea as a tourism destination. The findings reveal ‘competence’ and ‘excitement’ were the two dominant personality dimensions that participants perceived with regard to South Korea as a travel destination. Moreover, analyzed unstructured questions identified the influential factors determinants on the overall image of South Korea s destination brand, and provided useful branding insights by showing low brand awareness and lack of information in the UK as well as associated negative perceptions, such as ‘dangerous’, ‘threatened’, ‘undeveloped’, which can hinder building a favorable and strong destination brand.

정부 규제와 소득불평등 간의 상관관계: OECD 국가의 규제지수 및 지니계수 분석을 중심으로

김리아(Rhea KIM),나지석(Jiseok NA),이민호(Minho LEE) 한국규제학회 2021 규제연구 Vol.30 No.2

우리 경제의 새로운 성장 동력 확보를 위하여 적극적인 규제완화의 필요성을 주장하는 입장과 함께, 규제완화로 인해 오히려 시장의 불평등을 야기하고 소득불평등을 확대시킨다는 비판적 인식도 제기된다. 그러나 실제로 규제완화가 분배에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해서 실증적으로 연구한 사례는 드물고, 대부분의 연구는 개별 국가 수준의 특정 사례에만 초점을 맞추고 있어 규제 정도가 분배에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해가 매우 제한적이다. 이러한 배경에서, 본 연구는 정부규제의 수준과 소득불평등 간의 관계에 대한 실증적 분석을 시도하고 있다. OECD 38개국을 대상으로 한 규제지수와 지니계수 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 정부규제의 수준이 낮아질수록 지니계수로 측정된 소득불평등 정도가 심화되는 것으로 파악되었다. 구체적으로, 단순상관관계 분석에서는 규제수준이 낮은 국가일수록 소득불평등 수준이 낮은 경향이 관찰되었으나, 소득수준이나 정치적 안정성 등 사회발전 수준에 대한 다양한 변수를 통제한 회귀분석에서는 오히려 규제수준이 낮을수록 소득불평등 정도가 높아지는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 정부규제와 소득불평등 간의 반비례 관계가 매우 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있다고 볼 수는 없으며, 상당히 낮은 통계적 유의 수준에서 일부 지표들에 대한 분석에서만 확인되고 있다. 규제수준의 증대가 소득불평등 개선에 긍정적이라고 판단할 수는 없겠지만, 규제완화에 따른 사회적 형평성의 저해를 심각하게 우려해야 할 정도로 볼 수도 없을 것이다. 이러한 실증분석의 결과는, 규제완화를 포함한 규제개혁 추진 과정에서 경제성장의 목표를 추구함과 동시에, 사회적 형평성의 저해를 방지하기 위한 전략적 접근의 필요성을 강조한다. 규제완화를 통한 ‘경제성장’과 ‘형평’이라는 양극단 내에서 보다 세밀한 규제 완화 방안을 설계해야 하며, 특히 규제완화가 가져오는 부정적인 분배효과를 상쇄시켜줄 수 있는 정책들에 대해 충분히 논의되어져야 할 것이다. Some argue for the need for active deregulation to secure new growth engines for our economy, while others argue that deregulation causes market inequality and increases income inequality. However, there are few empirical studies on how deregulation actually affects economic distribution. Additionally, most studies focus only on specific cases at the individual country level, so the current understanding of how the effects of regulation impact distribution remains limited. In this context, this study attempts an empirical analysis of the relationship between the degree of government regulation and income inequality. Following a regression analysis examining the relationship between the regulatory index and the Gini coefficient of 38 OECD countries, it was found that the degree of income inequality intensifies as the level of government regulation decreases. However, it is still rather tenous to assume that this inverse relationship between government regulation and income inequality can be observed with a high degree of clarity since this result was confirmed at a relatively low level of statistical significance. While an increase in regulatory levels is difficult to judge in relation to positive outcomes concerning lessening income inequality gaps, the idea that deregulation will undermine social equity is not necessarily true either. The results of this empirical analysis emphasize the need for a balanced and strategic approach to prevent impairment of social equity while also pursuing the goal of economic growth in the process of promoting regulatory reform including deregulation. This paper recommends that more detailed deregulation measures should be designed to coordinate the extremes of "economic growth" and "equilibrium". In particular, policies designed to offset the negative distribution effects of deregulation should be further discussed in greater depth before their implementation.

Unstitching the Nanoscopic Mystery of Zeolite Crystal Formation

Brent, Rhea,Cubillas, Pablo,Stevens, Sam M.,Jelfs, Kim E.,Umemura, Ayako,Gebbie, James T.,Slater, Ben,Terasaki, Osamu,Holden, Mark A.,Anderson, Michael W. American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.39

<P>A molecular-scale understanding of crystal growth is critical to the development of important materials such as pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and catalysts. Only recently has this been possible with the advent of atomic force microscopy that permits observation of nanoscopic features on solid surfaces under a liquid or solution environment. This allows <I>in situ</I> measurement of important chemical transformations such as crystal growth and dissolution. Further, the microscope can access not only an accurate height measurement of surface topography, important to deduce structural elements, but also the forces involved during nanoscopic processes. We have discovered that it is possible to use these features to “illuminate” critical nanoscopic chemical events at crystal surfaces and at the same time extract the associated energies and unstitch the details of the stepwise mechanism of growth and dissolution. This approach has been developed using nanoporous crystals of the heterogeneous catalyst zeolite L; however, in principle the approach could be adapted to many crystal growth problems.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-39/ja105593v/production/images/medium/ja-2010-05593v_0015.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja105593v'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Competitiveness in EFL: The Mediating Effect of Competition Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Engagement and Self-Determination

Daniel Bailey,Rhea Metituk,Andrea Rakushin Lee,Frank Bennett 한국영어교육학회 2023 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.78 No.2

This study investigated the role of competition in academic settings by conceptualizing competitive engagement and examining how competition self-efficacy defined as confidence in one’s ability to outperform others could mediate learner engagement and self-determination to learn English as a foreign language (EFL). Within the context of a videoconference EFL course, a cross-sectional research design was employed during the fourth semester of remote teaching in South Korea due to COVID-19. Statistically significant relationships existed among variables. Students reported high levels of cognitive and behavioral engagement but low levels of competitive engagement. Through structural modeling, competitive engagement emerged as a conceptually unique form of engagement. The relationship between competitive engagement and self-determination to learn English when attending an EFL videoconference course was fully mediated by competition self-efficacy. Partial mediation was observed in the relationship between cognitive engagement and self-determination. These findings suggest that both competitive and cognitive engagement are powerful indicators of learning outcomes, especially when learning EFL.

정부규제와 정부신뢰 간 영향관계 분석: OECD 국가의 규제지수 및 신뢰지수를 중심으로

한혜진(Hyejin HAN),김리아(Rhea KIM),이민호(Minho LEE) 한국규제학회 2020 규제연구 Vol.29 No.2

규제정책은 일반적인 정부정책과는 달리 수단인 동시에 성과이기 때문에 정부규제와 정부신뢰의 관계가 가지는 정책적 중요성에도 불구하고 방향성이 명확하게 논의되지 못하였다. 규제개혁을 통해 정부규제의 수준을 완화하면 정부신뢰가 높아질까? 아니면 정부신뢰가 높아지면 정부규제 수준도 함께 증가할까? 본 연구는 이러한 정부규제와 정부신뢰 간의 영향관계에 대한 실증적 분석을 통해 향후 규제개혁의 추진 방향에 대한 시사점을 찾고자 한다. 이를 위해 1998년부터 2020년까지 37개 OECD 국가에 대한 총 6개의 국가별 정부규제지수 및 정부신뢰지수를 활용한 패널회귀분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 정부규제의 수준이 감소할수록 정부신뢰의 수준이 증가하고 있음이 주요하게 확인되었다. 또한 정부규제 수준의 감소로 인한 정부신뢰 수준의 증가가 다시 정부규제 수준의 감소로 이어지는 규제개혁의 선순환구조에 대한 가능성도 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 활용된 규제지수 및 신뢰지수에 따라 정부신뢰 수준의 증가가 정부규제 수준의 증가로 이어지는 경우도 일부 분석 결과에서 확인할 수 있어 정부신뢰가 정부규제에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 명확한 결론을 내리기 어렵다. 하지만 정부규제 수준이 정부신뢰에 미치는 영향관계를 살펴볼 때, 적극적인 규제개혁을 통한 정부규제 수준의 완화는 정부에 대한 국민신뢰도 제고에 긍정적일 수 있다. 이는 경제활성화 뿐만 아니라 정부신뢰의 제고를 위해서도 규제개혁의 추진이 필요하다는 점을 시사한다. Despite the policy implication of the relationship between government regulations and public trust in government, the direction of the relationship has not been clearly discussed as regulatory policies are both a means and an outcome. Will easing the level of government regulations through regulatory reform increase public trust in government? Or will the level of government regulation increase as trust in government increases? This study seeks to find implications for the future direction of regulatory reform through an empirical analysis of the relationship between government regulations and trust in government. To this end, a total of six government regulatory indices and trust indices were used to conduct a panel regression analysis for 37 OECD countries from 1998 to 2020. As a main result of the analysis, the level of trust in government increases as the level of government regulation is eased. There is also a possibility of a virtuous cycle of regulatory reforms which shows that the increase in the trust level caused by a decrease in the regulatory level will lead to a decline in the level of regulations again. However, some analysis results show that an increase in the trust level may lead to a rise in the government regulation level, making it difficult to come to a clear conclusion regarding the impact of trust in government on regulations. Nevertheless, when looking at the impact of regulations on trust in government, relaxation of regulations through active regulatory reform may elicit a positive effect with regard to enhancing public trust in the government. This suggests that regulatory reforms are needed not only to revitalize the economy but also to enhance public trust in government.

Slotted hydrofoil design optimization to minimize cavitation in amphibious aircraft application: A numerical simulation approach

Conesa, Fernando Roca,Liem, Rhea Patricia Techno-Press 2020 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.7 No.4

The proposed study aims to numerically investigate the performance of hydrofoils in the context of amphibious aircraft application. In particular, we also study the effectiveness of a slotted hydrofoil in minimizing the cavitation phenomenon, to improve the overall water take-off performance of an amphibious aircraft. We use the ICON A5 as a base model for this study. First, we propose an approach to estimate the required hydrofoil surface area and to select the most suitable airfoil shape that can minimize cavitation, thus improving the hydrodynamic efficiency. Once the hydrofoil is selected, we perform 2D numerical studies of the hydrodynamic and cavitating characteristics of a non-slotted hydrofoil on ANSYS Fluent. In this work, we also propose to use a slotted hydrofoil to be a passive method to control the cavitation performance through the boundary layer control. Numerical results of several slotted configurations demonstrate notable improvement on the cavitation performance. We then perform a multiobjective optimization with a response surface model to simultaneously minimize the cavitation and maximize the hydrodynamic efficiency of the hydrofoil. The optimization takes the slot geometry, including the slot angle and lengths, as the design variables. In addition, a global sensitivity study has been carried and it shows that the slot widths are the more dominant factors.

SMART TrafGc Control System Designed Using Verilog HDL

Mar Christian Mendoza,Rhea B. Magabo,Glenlie P. Avelino,Ben Joseph P. Avelino,Rionel B. Caldo ASCONS 2019 IJASC Vol.1 No.2

Background/Objectives: Vehicular traffic is endlessly increasing everywhere that cause terrible traffic congestion on intersections. Methods/Statistical analysis: In this paper, the proponents brought the design of the traffic control system to mitigate this kind of setup. The central concept is to allow vehicles based on the first-in-first-out principle. Exceptional cases for emergency vehicle detection will be also introduced in order for the ambulance to reach its destination faster and effectively. The phases inclusive for this research are formulated Verilog source code, testbench modeling, simulation process via ISIM, and methodological stuff. The whole process has been synthesized and verified successfully. Findings: proposed system was designed through Verilog Hardware Description Language using the Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.5 as for the primary software. Improvements/Applications: The proposed system allows emergency vehicles to pass along traffic and prioritizes the vehicles according to the first-in-first-out principle.

차별화된 서비스를 갖는 인터넷 망에서 호 블로킹 확률의 공평성을 위한 수락 제어 정책 Heuristic 알고리즘 연구

민준기 ( Jun Ki Min ),이우섭 ( Woo Seop Rhea ),정중수 ( Jong Soo Chung ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2005 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.6 No.3

최근, 차별 서비스 망에서는 다양한 차세대 인터넷 서비스들을 지원하기 위해 효율적인 자원 관리를 위한 연구로서 동적 프로비저닝 (Dynamic Provisioning) 기법들을 이용한 수락 제어 메커니즘 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 수락 제어 메커니즘이 망에 적용되더라도 서로 다른 대역폭을 요구하는 서비스들에 대한 호 설정 요구가 들어오며 불공평한 호 블로킹 확률이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 큰 대역폭을 요구하는 서비스와 작은 대역폭을 요구하는 서비스들 사이에 공평한 호 블로킹 확률을 제공하는 새로운 수락 제어 정책 Heuristic 알고리즘을 제안한다. 특히 제안된 알고리즘은 모의 실험 결과를 통하여 호 블로킹 확률의 공평성 및 높은 대역폭의 사용율을 제공할 수 있음을 보여 주었다. Recently, as the research of effective resource management for supporting of various next generation Internet service, the admission control mechanisms using the dynamic provisioning methods in differentiated service networks are studied. However, even though admission control mechanism is applied to the network, there exits the unfairness of call blocking probability among the different bandwidth requested services. In this paper, we propose the new admission control policy heuristic algorithm that provides fairness of call blocking probability between the large bandwidth requested service and the small bandwidth requested service. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides not only blocking probability fairness but also high bandwidth utilization.

Media Habits of Sensation Seekers

Alisha Blakeney,Casey Findley,Donald R. Self,Rhea Ingram,Tony Garrett 한국마케팅과학회 2010 마케팅과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

对营销和广告经理来说,理解消费者的偏好和使用的媒体类型是非常有必要的,尤其是在如今市场细分的情况下。清晰的理解能帮助经理更有效的选择合适的媒体。而且由于性格特征的不同,个人对媒体类型的选择和使用都不相同。本文测试了一个性格特征,即感知追求。这是在测试“新”媒体偏好和使用的文献中尚未出现的。感知追求是被定义为“一种对变化,新颖和复杂的感觉的需要和经历。以及为承担这些经历愿意承受生理的和社会的风险” (Zuckerman 1979)。根据文献回顾,我们提出了6个假设。我们尤其关注使用与满足理论(Katz 1959),这个理论解释了为什么人们选择媒体类型和他们使用不同媒体类型的动机的原因。目前的理论表明高感知追求者(HSS),由于他们对新颖,激励和非传统的内容和想象的需要,他们会更多的使用新媒体。因此,我们假设高感知追求者比低感知追求者(LSS)(H2a)或中等感知追求者(MSS)(H2b)会更多的使用网络而不是广播(H1a)或印刷媒体(H1b)。另外,高感知追求者有更多的社交活动及朋友,因此他们会比低感知追求者(a) 和中等感知追求者(b)更多的使用社交网络网页例如Facebook/MySpace(H3) 以及聊天室(H4)。感知追求者可以显示出一系列的行为包括抑制解除。我们认为具有高水平去抑制的人们比低水平或中等水平的人们会更多的使用社交网络如 Facebook/MySpace (H5) 和聊天室 (H6)。我们的数据来源于对参加极限运动的参与者的网上调查。为得到这个群组的信息,我们使用雪球样本技术的提高版,即连锁推荐方法来选择应答者。这种方法被认为是对隐藏人群进行有效估算的方法(Heckathorn, 1997)。最终的有效样本包括1108名应答者。主要是年轻人(56.36%在34岁以下),男性(86.1%)和中产阶级(58.7%的家庭收入超过50,000美元)。我们用这个样本来进行感知追求的研究。我们用简要感知追求量表来测试感知追求 (Hoyle et al. 2007)。我们用自我报告使用过的不同媒体类型来测量媒体使用。结果并不支持H1a和b。高感知追求者并没有更多的使用网络这样的媒体。事实上,同其他的媒体类型相比,这个平均水平是较低的。高感知追求者使用最多的媒体类型时印刷媒体,这说明了一种对主流的反抗。结果支持H2a和b。高感知追求者比低感知或中等感知追求者更多的使用网络。进一步的分析揭示了在高感知和低感知追求者之间在使用印刷媒体方面有显著不同。高感知追求者在他们感兴趣的极限运动方面会追求更专业的印刷出版物。假设3a和b 揭示了高感知追求者比低感知或中等感知追求者更多的使用Facebook/MySpace。在使用聊天室方面低感知和高感知追求者之间没有显著差距。所以结果也不支持假设H4a,但是H4b的结果是显著的。 不同抑制解除水平的应答者被认为使用Facebook/MySpace 和聊天室的水平也不同。去抑制水平高比低水平或中等水平的使用 Facebook/MySpace的水平高。所以H5a和b 被支持。类似的,H6b也被支持。去抑制水平高的人们使用聊天室的概率显著多于中等水平的但并不多于低水平的人们(H6a)。这些结果为管理者提供了一些有趣的见解。第一,尽管高感知追求者比低感知或中等感知追求者更多的使用在线媒体,但他ߤ Understanding consumers’ preferences and use of media types is imperative for marketing and advertising managers, especially in today’s fragmented market. A clear understanding assists managers in making more effective selections of appropriate media outlets, yet individuals’ choices of type and use of media are based on a variety of characteristics. This paper examines one personality trait, sensation seeking, which has not appeared in the literature examining “new” media preferences and use. Sensation seeking is a personality trait defined as “the need for varied, novel, and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to take physical and social risks for the sake of such experiences” (Zuckerman 1979). Six hypotheses were developed from a review of the literature. Particular attention was given to the Uses and Gratification theory (Katz 1959), which explains various reasons why people choose media types and their motivations for using the different types of media. Current theory suggests that High Sensation Seekers (HSS), due to their needs for novelty, arousal and unconventional content and imagery, would exhibit higher frequency of use of new media. Specifically, we hypothesize that HSS will use the internet more than broadcast (H1a) or print media (H1b) and more than low (LSS) (H2a) or medium sensation seekers (MSS) (H2b). In addition, HSS have been found to be more social and have higher numbers of friends therefore are expected to use social networking websites such as Facebook/MySpace (H3) and chat rooms (H4) more than LSS (a) and MSS (b). Sensation seekers can manifest into a range of behaviors including disinhibition,. It is expected that alternative social networks such as Facebook/MySpace (H5) and chat rooms (H6) will be used more often for those who have higher levels of disinhibition than low (a) or medium (b) levels. Data were collected using an online survey of participants in extreme sports. In order to reach this group, an improved version of a snowball sampling technique, chain-referral method, was used to select respondents for this study. This method was chosen as it is regarded as being effective to reach otherwise hidden population groups (Heckathorn, 1997). A final usable sample of 1108 respondents, which was mainly young (56.36% under 34), male (86.1%) and middle class (58.7% with household incomes over USD 50,000) was consistent with previous studies on sensation seeking. Sensation seeking was captured using an existing measure, the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (Hoyle et al., 2002). Media usage was captured by measuring the self reported usage of various media types. Results did not support H1a and b. HSS did not show higher levels of usage of alternative media such as the internet showing in fact lower mean levels of usage than all the other types of media. The highest media type used by HSS was print media, suggesting that there is a revolt against the mainstream. Results support H2a and b that HSS are more frequent users of the internet than LSS or MSS. Further analysis revealed that there are significant differences in the use of print media between HSS and LSS, suggesting that HSS may seek out more specialized print publications in their respective extreme sport activity. Hypothesis 3a and b showed that HSS use Facebook/MySpace more frequently than either LSS or MSS. There were no significant differences in the use of chat rooms between LSS and HSS, so as a consequence no support for H4a, although significant for MSS H4b. Respondents with varying levels of disinhibition were expected to have different levels of use of Facebook/MySpace and chat-rooms. There was support for the higher levels of use of Facebook/MySpace for those with high levels of disinhibition than low or medium levels, supporting H5a and b. Similarly there was support for H6b, Those with high levels of disinhibition use chat-rooms significantly more than those with medium levels but not for low levels

The Human Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome in Response to Oral Shilajit Supplementation

Amitava Das,Soma Datta,Brian Rhea,Mithun Sinha,Muruganandam Veeraragavan,Gayle Gordillo,Sashwati Roy 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.7

The objective of the present study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02026414) was to observe the effects of oral supplementation of a purified and standardized Shilajit extract on skeletal muscle adaptation in adult overweight/class I obese human subjects from the U.S. population. Shilajit is a mineral pitch that oozes out of Himalayan rocks. The study design consisted of a baseline visit, followed by 8 weeks of 250 mg of oral Shilajit supplementation b.i.d., and additional 4 weeks of supplementation with exercise. At each visit, blood samples and muscle biopsies were collected for further analysis. Supplementation was well tolerated without any changes in blood glucose levels and lipid profile after 8 weeks of oral supplementation and the additional 4 weeks of oral supplementation with exercise. In addition, no changes were noted in creatine kinase and serum myoglobin levels after 8 weeks of oral supplementation and the additional 4 weeks of supplementation with exercise. The microarray analysis identified a cluster of 17 extracellular matrix (ECM)-related probe sets that were significantly upregulated in muscles following 8 weeks of oral supplementation compared with the expression at the baseline visit. This cluster included tenascin XB, decorin, myoferlin, collagen, elastin, fibrillin 1, and fibronectin 1. The differential expression of these genes was confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. The study provided maiden evidence that oral Shilajit supplementation in adult overweight/class I obese human subjects promoted skeletal muscle adaptation through upregulation of ECM-related genes that control muscle mechanotransduction properties, elasticity, repair, and regeneration.