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Palm Oil Plantations : Nowhere to Escape
Renata Sandhi LIBRASWULAN Asian Center for Women's Studies : Ewha Womans Uni 2014 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.20 No.4
Although palm oil plantations have been there in Indonesia for a century, the laborers who work on them have seen insignificant change compared to workers in other sectors, especially in industry. As of the colonial era, growers have imposed huge work targets and fines. They have also engaged in arbitrary treatment of labor and imposed unfair wage systems. These practices have led to social and environmental conflicts and greatly impoverished the plantation workers. Instead of providing assistance to them, the government perpetuates the company practices by failing to impose regulations to protect plantation laborers. This has also impacted the lives of women and children adversely. Poverty often forces generations of families to work on the plantations. The welfare of plantation workers needs to be addressed in order to empower them to reclaim their rights as labor and as human beings. Meskipun perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia telah berumur 100 tahun, namun peningkatan kualitas hidup buruh perkebunan tidak signifikan dan sejalan dengan kemajuan yang telah dicapai oleh sector lainnya terutama sector industry. Sejak era kolonialisme, buruh ditempatkan didalam perkebunan oleh pengusaha perkebunan kelapa sawit dan diberikan target kerja yang tinggi, membayar denda-denda, perlakuan sewenang-wenang dan pengusaha menerapkan sistem upah yang tidak adil. Praktik-praktik ini menyebabkan konflik sosial-lingkungan dan telah memiskinkan masyarakat buruh perkebunan. Pemerintah juga tidak menunjukan keberpihakannya kepada buruh perkebunan dengan gagal melahirkan undang-undang untuk melindungi buruh perkebunan. Hal ini berdampak negatif juga pada kehidupan perempuan dan anak-anak. Kemiskinan bahkan memaksa keturunan buruh untuk bekerja kembali di perkebunan sebagai buruh. Kesejahteraan buruh perkebunan perlu diperhatikan untuk memberdayakan buruh perkebunan sehingga mereka mampu untuk menuntut hak-haknya sebagai buruh dan mahluk hidup.
( Renata Vinholes Oliveira Da Rocha ),( Maria Isabel Morgan Martins ),( Flavia Tasmim Techera Antunes ),( Marcia Gerhardt Martins ),( Adriane Belló Klein ),( Dione Silva Corrêa ),( Alessandra Hubner D 대한폐경학회 2021 대한폐경학회지 Vol.27 No.3
Objectives: Menopause induces changes in neuronal transmission, leading to anxiety and depression. Changes in the brain’s glutamate levels cause psychological behavior in postmenopausal women. Omega-3 has been studied to improve some of these behaviors. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham-operated treated with water (SO-W), sham-operated treated with omega-3 (SO-O), ovariectomized (OVX) treated with water (OVX-W), and bilateral OVX treated with omega-3 (OVX-O). These treatments were performed for 20 days via gavage, before and after surgery, totaling 40 days. Results: In the forced swimming, elevated plus-maze, and open field tests to assess behaviors, such as depression and anxiety, omega-3 improved these behaviors in both treated groups. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the brain were not different between the groups; however, there was a significant decrease in the catalase activity in the SO-O group compared with the SO-W group (P < 0.05). The glutamate level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was elevated in the SO-O group (P < 0.001) but not in the OVX-W or OVX-O groups. Conclusions: These results bring novel data when related to the glutamatergic system in the SO-O group. This has suggested that the action mechanism of omega-3 was not dependent on glutamate levels in the CSF of the OVX group, but it played a regulatory role in the sham-operated animals. To confirm this, more studies are needed to explore this field when relating to the estrogen and glutamate receptor changes in specific brain regions.
Neuromuscular Skeletal Plasticity Moving on from Traditional Physiotherapy Concepts
Renata Horst 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2009 PNF and Movement Vol.7 No.1
Purpose:N.A.P.(Neuromuscular Skeletal Plasticity) an integrative neuro-orthopedic concept to facilitate motor strategies in daily life. The primary thesis is, that treatment of body functions and structural impairments should be integrated within goal-oriented activities. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the functional activity itself, determines the structure. Material and Methods:A case report of a dentist with brachial plexus lesion after a motor vehicle accident is presented. The necessity for training body functions within relevant tasks is undermined by references which emphasize the importance of training realistic activities to enhance long-term changes in neural representation. Results:The treatment methods presented in this case show significant effects for the patient´s ability to participate in his profession within less than a year´s time after his motor vehicle accident. Conclusions:Current evidence supports the treatment methods of this concept. The inability to flex his elbow and supinate his forearm placed a considerable doubt to his ability to ever be able to participate in his profession again. Structural reorganization is possible and depends on functional demands, which need to be trained task-specifically. Single case reports may serve as the basis for further randomized controlled studies to support the efficacy of the treatment methods within the N.A.P. concept.
Functional activities of the Tsh protein from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains
Renata K. T. Kobayashi,Luis Carlos J. Gaziri,Marilda C. Vidotto 대한수의학회 2010 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.11 No.4
The temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh) expressed by strains of avian pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (APEC) has both agglutinin and protease activities. Tsh is synthesized as a 140 kDa precursor protein, whose processing results in a 106 kDa passenger domain (Tshs) and a 33 kDa β-domain (Tshβ). In this study, both recombinant Tsh (rTsh) and supernatants from APEC, which contain Tshs (106 kDa), caused proteolysis of chicken tracheal mucin. Both rTsh (140 kDa) and pellets from wild-type APEC, which contain Tshβ (33 kDa), agglutinated chicken erythrocytes. On Western blots, the anti-rTsh antibody recognized the rTsh and 106 kDa proteins in recombinant E. coli BL21/pET 101-Tsh and in the supernatants from APEC grown at either 37oC or 42oC. Anti-rTsh also recognized a 33 kDa protein in the pellets from APEC13 cultures grown in either Luria-Bertani agar, colonization factor antigen agar, or mucin agar at either 26oC, 37oC, or 42oC, and in the extracts of outer membrane proteins of APEC. The 106 kDa protein was more evident when the bacteria were grown at 37oC in mucin agar, and it was not detected when the bacteria were grown at 26oC in any of the culture media used in this study. Chicken anti-Tsh serum inhibited hemagglutinating and mucinolytic activities of strain APEC13 and recombinant E. coli BL21/pET101-Tsh. This work suggests that the mucinolytic activity of Tsh might be important for the colonization of the avian tracheal mucous environment by APEC.
Renata M. Martinez,Daniela T. Longhi-Balbinot,Ana C. Zarpelon,Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari,Marcela M. Baracat,Sandra R. Georgetti,Roge´rio C. Sassonia,Waldiceu A. Verri Jr.,Rubia Casagrande 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.4
We have recently developed betalain-richbeetroot (Beta vulgaris) dye (betalain) to be used in foodproducts. Betalain (30–300 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.p.)treatment diminished carrageenan (100 lg/paw)-inducedpaw edema and neutrophil migration to the paw skin tissue. Betalain (100 mg/kg) treatment by subcutaneous or peroral routes also inhibited the carrageenan-induced pawedema. Importantly, the post-treatment with betalain(100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited carrageenan- andcomplete Freund’s adjuvant (10 ll/paw)-induced pawedema. Betalain (100 mg/kg) also reduced carrageenan(500 lg/cavity)-induced recruitment of total leukocytes,including mononuclear cells and neutrophils, as well asincreasing vascular permeability in the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, betalain significantly reduced carrageenaninducedsuperoxide anion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-a) and interleukin (IL)-1b levels in the peritonealfluid, as well as augmenting IL-10 levels. Therefore, thiscompound presents prominent anti-inflammatory effect oncarrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis by reducingthe production of superoxide anion and the cytokinesTNF-a and IL-1b, in addition to increasing IL-10 levels. These results suggest that betalain shows therapeuticpotential that could be utilized in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.