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INTRA - INDUSTRY TRADE : THE AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE
RATNAYAKE, RAVINDRA,ATHUKORALA, PREMACHANDRA 한국국제경제학회 1992 International Economic Journal Vol.6 No.4
This paper presents an empirical analysis of intra-industry trade (IIT) in Australia's foreign trade. It is found that with regard to the extent and the incidence of IIT across industries Australia is a clear outlier among the developed countries. The long-standing protectionist trade policy stance and high transport costs appear to exert significant negative influence on the extent of IIT. The degree of IIT seems to be positively influenced by overseas investment, product differentiation and close economic links New Zealand. In contrast to the findings for other developed countries, industry concentration and economies of scale do not appear to be significant explicators of ITT in Australia.
Shehan Ratnayake,Duminda Subasinghe,Vihara Dassanayake,Sivasuriya Sivaganesh 대한간암학회 2023 대한간암학회지 Vol.23 No.1
Parenchymal-sparing hepatectomy (PSH), though technically challenging, is emerging as a choice of treatment for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). PSH in Jehovah’s witness (JW) patients, for whom transfusion is not an option, involves complex surgical and medicolegal issues. A 52-year-old JW male with synchronous, multiple, bilobar liver metastases from a rectal adenocarcinoma was referred following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At surgery, 10 metastatic deposits were observed and confirmed by intraoperative ultrasonography. Parenchymal-sparing non-anatomical resections were performed using a cavitron ultrasonic aspirator with the application of intermittent Pringle maneuvres. Histology confirmed multiple CRLMs with tumor-free resection margins. PSH is increasingly employed for CRLMs to preserve residual liver volume and minimize morbidity without compromising oncological outcomes. It is technically challenging, especially in the presence of bilobar, multi-segmental disease. This case illustrates the feasibility of performing complex hepatic surgery in special patient groups by meticulous planning and preparation involving multiple specialties and the patient.
S.P. Ratnayake,C. Sandaruwan,M.M.M.G.P.G. Mantilaka,N. de Silva,D. Dahanayake,U.K Wanninayake,W.R.L.N. Bandara,S. Santhoshkumar,E. Murugan,G.A.J.Amaratunga,K.M. Nalin de Silva 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.95 No.-
A unique zirconia nanomorphology possessing an enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was developedutilizing a convenient single-sol synthesis process which involved in-situ doping of zirconia by boron. The boron-doped zirconia exhibited aflake morphology as opposed to the spherical pure form andsubsequent crystallographic investigations implied the phase conversion from binary to single-phasealong with the shape due to the doping. Optical characterization indicated a modified band structurewith newly generated isolated impurity states within the principle zirconia band edges. As per the X-rayspectroscopy data, boron was detected as chemically bound to oxygen while electron paramagneticresonance indicated the presence of an adsorbed oxygen lattice. During UV and simulated solarirradiation trials, respective removal capabilities of 90% and 93% of the model compound wereaccomplished, hence the effectiveness of the photocatalyst was confirmed. The enhanced photoactivityobserved in the UV region was attributed to combined effects of the boron-induced isolated impuritystates within principle band edges of zirconia, the defect-rich planer morphology, favorable interfacialinteractions and the greater availability of oxygen on the lattice. Developed nanoflakes are stable, inert,and efficient hence exhibiting compelling suitability in the remediation of harmful industrial organiccompounds.
( Herath Mudiyansalage Nuwan Chaminda Ratnayake ),( Herath Mudiyanselage Jagath Chaminda Pitawala ),( Edirisinghe Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne ) 한국축산학회 2021 축산기술과 산업 Vol.8 No.2
Surface coatings of eggs are used to extend the shelf life and minimize economic loss. Edible mineral oil is used as a coating material but several problems associated with it and plant waxes are tested as alternatives. “Boomi” (Litsea glutinosa) and “dawul kurundu” (Neolitsea cassia) is found throughout Sri Lanka and barks of these trees are widely used in indigenous medicine due to their antibacterial properties. But, information on these waxes on egg quality attributes does not exist. Objective of this research was to check the effect of “boomi” and “dawul kurundu” waxes as an external coating material on shelf life and internal quality of chicken eggs stored under room temperature. Total of 372 freshly laid brown, medium sized (55-60 g), clean eggs were purchased from a layer farm. Eggs were individually weighed and coated with “boomi” wax (1.0:6.5), “dawul kurundu” wax (01:10) and mineral oil while non coated eggs were used as negative control. Weight loss, change in air sac volume, Haugh unit (HU), yolk color, albumen and yolk pH, yolk index and FTIR analysis were determined at weekly basis for 6 weeks. Albumen and yolk pH increased with storage. But it is significantly lower in mineral coated eggs (p < 0.05). Whereas HU and yolk index decreased during storage in wax coated and non-coated eggs (p < 0.05). Grades of non-coated, “boomi” wax coated and “dawul kurundu” wax coated eggs were changed from AA to B within 4 weeks whereas in mineral oil coated eggs (MO) remain in AA. Weight loss of wax coated eggs were significantly higher compared to MOs (p < 0.05). FTIR analysis revels that the no chemical changes occur due to the wax. Increase of air sac was higher in noncoated eggs (5.39 ± 0.3 mm) after 42 days compared to “boomi” wax (4.59 ± 0.2 mm), “dawul kurundu” wax (3.27 ± 0.3 mm) and mineral oil (1.19 ± 0.3 mm) coated eggs. Thus, study showed that these two plant waxes had better qualities than non-coated eggs but less than the MOs.
Gunasinghage Prasadh Gunasinghe,Nalin Prasanna Ratnayake,Amila Sandaruwan Ratnayake,G. V. I. Samaradivakara,Nimila Praneeth Dushyantha,Ravindra Jayaratne,Kodithuwakka Arachchige Dinusha,Akalanka Silva 한국해양과학기술원 2022 Ocean science journal Vol.57 No.3
Long-term field monitoring of shoreline changes is time-consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive. Instead, satellite images can be used as an alternative method to collect field data. The time-series satellite images are available at any location in the world that can be processed with the Google Earth Engine cloud environment. This study primarily focuses on shoreline change detection and describing the coastal geomorphology of three urban beaches on the west coast of Sri Lanka. The study extended from 2015 to 2021 during which large-scale coastal development projects were carried out in the study area. The ‘CoastSat’ toolkit was used to extract the time-series of shoreline positions. Time-series shoreline position obtained through ‘CoastSat’ was compared with the field measurements carried out using the Global Navigation Satellite System technique with a horizontal accuracy of 7 mm. The results indicate that the average horizontal difference of shoreline positions obtained by ‘CoastSat’ and field observation was 7.5 ± 1 m in Agulana-Ratmalana on 19 August 2019, and was 8.3 ± 1 m in Kalutara on 29 July 2020. The extracted shoreline changes show erosion and deposition patterns affected by monsoon seasonality and anthropogenic events. The results further show that North of Mount Lavinia Beach was accreted from 18 to 27 m, while South of Mount Lavinia Beach was eroded from 12 to 17 m. Accretion was mainly due to sand nourishment in the area during the 1st quarter of 2020. Furthermore, Agulana-Ratmalana Beach predominantly accreted from 22 to 30 m, while the northernmost transect (AR1) had a steady-state beach condition. This was again due to nourished sand during the 1st quarter of 2020. In contrast, accretion and erosion trends in Kalutara Beach are mainly due to the breakup of the river mouth sand bar to control flooding by the artificial cutting open of the sand spit bar in 2017. The transect (KL2) near the broken sand spit bar at the north of Kalutara shows severe erosion (56 m), since northward longshore transport of sediment has stopped with the breakage of the sand spit bar. In contrast, Kalutara south transects show an accretion to steady-state condition due to the existing hard engineering structures. Consequently, the study suggests that the CoastSat: A Google Earth Engine-enabled Python toolkit can be used to extract shoreline positions and to detect medium-to-large-scale coastline changes with appropriate tidal corrections, when and where there are no long-term coastal field measurements available. This method could be adapted to any coastal area in the world for acceptable shoreline detection that would be very useful for planning and evaluating coastal management strategies.