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Structural, Electrical and Red Emission Properties of Pd/n-ZnO/p-Si/Al Heterostructures
Rajender Kumar,Subhash Chand 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.6
The ZnO thin films were grown on p-type silicon by pulsed laser deposition method for fabrication of ZnO/p-Si heterojunction. X-ray diffraction patterns were used to study the grain size and morphology of the ZnO thin film. Optical properties of ZnO thin film were studied by UV-visible, photoluminescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experimental observations confirmed that the deposited ZnO thin films have potential for sharp emission in the visible region. High purity (99.999%) vacuum evaporated palladium and aluminium metals were used to make contacts to the n-ZnO and p-Si, respectively. The current-voltage characteristics of the Pd/n-ZnO/p-Si(100)/Al heterostructure measured over the temperature range 80 - 300 K, were studied on the basis of the thermionic emission-diffusion mechanism. The equivalent Schottky barrier height and ideality factor were determined by fitting measured current-voltage data to the thermionic emission-diffusion current equation. It was observed that the barrier height decreased and the ideality factor increased with decreasing temperature and that the activation energy plot was non-linear at low temperature. These characteristics were attributed to the Gaussian distribution of barrier heights. The capacitance-voltage characteristics of the Pd/n-ZnO/p- Si(100)/Al heterojunction diode were studied over a wide temperature range. From the measured capacitance-voltage data the impurity concentration in deposited n-type ZnO films was estimated.
Real and Reactive Power Nodal Pricing with Hydro Condenser in Pool Based Electricity Market Model
Rajender Kumar,Ashwani Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.12
Reactive power procurement has been identified as an important ancillary service. The cost characteristics must be able to recover the lost opportunity cost component of generator reaching the field limits and causes the decrease in its active power when the reactive demand in the system increases. The Synchronous condensers supply reactive power to maintain the voltage and reduce the burden on the synchronous generators. In this paper, the cost characteristics of reactive power support by the generator are proposed based on its capability chart. A non-linear optimization problem formulation is proposed to compute both real and reactive power nodal prices for pool electricity market model with hydro condenser. The marginal prices at each node have been determined for both real and reactive power considering the minimization of fuel cost, reactive power cost, and cost of condenser. The cost characteristics of reactive power have been determined based on the existing methods and the proposed method. The comparison of the results obtained with existing method is also provided. The results have been determined for IEEE 24 bus test system.
Rajender Kumar 대한핵의학회 2024 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.58 No.2
Purpose To assess the utility of convoluted neural network (CNN) in differentiating clinically significant and insignificantprostate cancer in patients with 68 Ga PSMA PET/CT-targeted prostate biopsy-proven prostate cancer. Methods In this retrospective study, 142 patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer were evaluated who underwent68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging followed by 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT-targeted prostate biopsy from the PSMA-avid prostatelesion. Twenty patients with no PSMA-avid lesions were excluded. Local Image Features Extraction (LifeX) software wasused to extract radiomic features (RF) from delayed 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT images of 122 patients. LifeX failed to extractradiomic features in 24 patients, and the remaining 98 were evaluated. RFs were fed to an in-built CNN of the software forcomputation and results were achieved. Patients with Gleason Score ≥ 7 on histopathology were labeled clinically significantprostate cancer (csPCa). The diagnostic values of radiomic features were evaluated. Results The csPCa was revealed in 69/98 (70.4%) patients, and insignificant PCa was noticed in 29/98 (29.6%) patients. The software extracted 124 RF from the delayed 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT images. The accuracy of the CNN was 80.7% todifferentiate clinically significant and clinically insignificant prostate cancer, with an error percentage (E %) of 19.3%. Thesensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values were 90.3%, 57.7%, 83.6%, and 71.4%, respectively,to detect csPCa. Conclusion CNN is a feasible pre-biopsy screening tool for identifying clinically significant prostate cancer and can be usedas an adjunct in the initial diagnosis and early treatment planning.
( K. Rajender Reddy ),( David Roth ),( Annette Bruchfeld ),( Peggy Hwang ),( Barbara Haber ),( Bach-yen T. Nguyen ),( Eliav Barr ),( Janice Wahl ),( Wayne Greaves ),( Youngmi Eun ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has been reported in patients with HCV infection receiving direct-acting antiviral agents. EBR/GZR was safe and efficacious in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4/5 (CKD 4/5) in the C-SURFER study. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the impact of EBR/GZR on eGFR in patients with less severe CKD. Methods: We analyzed a pooled dataset of 1689 patients who received EBR/GZR (50 mg/100 mg) with or without ribavirin (RBV) for 8 (n=91, 5%), 12 (n=1238, 73%), 16 (n=211, 12%), or 18 (n=149, 9%) weeks (656 patients [39%] received RBV). Patients were treatment-naïve or treatment-experienced, and included cirrhotics and those with HIV co-infection. Creatinine values were assessed at baseline and ≥1 post-baseline timepoint. eGFR was calculated using the Modified Diet in Renal Disease equation at baseline, end of treatment, and 12 weeks post-therapy. Results: Of the 1689 patients evaluated, 32 had CKD 3 (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 to ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and 1657 had eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (Table). Demographics were similar in both groups except for a higher proportion of HIV-co-infected patients in the CKD 3 group (41% vs. 17%). Patients with CKD 3 and those with eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline did not show any decrease in eGFR during treatment or follow-up. Conclusions: EBR/GZR did not affect eGFR in patients with pre-existing eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or those with CKD3. Treatment duration, RBV co-administration, cirrhosis, or HIV coinfection did not adversely affect renal outcome.
( K Rajender Reddy ),( Marc Bourliere ),( Kosh Agarwal ),( Eric Lawitz ),( Leia Kim ),( Anu Osinusi ),( Kathryn Kersey ),( Gerald Crans ),( Stephanie Moody ),( Liyun Ni ),( Diana M. Brainard ),( John 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Sustained virologic response (SVR) after interferon (IFN)-based treatment for HCV infection is associated with reduced risk of hepatocellular cancer (HCC), although the risk is not eliminated. Less is known regarding the risk of de novo HCC following SVR with IFN-free direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. In this analysis, a review of incident HCC in patients treated with SOF-containing regimens was performed. Methods: Data from Gilead HCV clinical trials (from treatment start to 24 weeks post-treatment) and registry studies (3 to 5 year follow-up observation) were analyzed to evaluate the incidence of de novo HCC. The clinical database was searched to identify adverse events of liver tumors; the occurrence of HCC is recorded at each visit in the registry studies. Incidence rates and exposure-adjusted incidence rates, time to development, and risk factors for development of HCC were assessed in patients with and without cirrhosis (compensated and decompensated) who received IFN- containing (Peg- IFN+RBV±SOF) vs IFN-free treatment (SOF, ledipasvir/SOF, SOF/velpatasvir ± RBV), and SVR vs no SVR. Results: In the clinical trial database, 0.3% (36 of 13,525) patients had AEs of HCC or suspected HCC while in the registry study database, 0.5% (33 of 6675) were reported to have HCC. The rate was similar in non-cirrhotic patients who achieved SVR with an IFN-containing vs IFN-free regimen (0.09 vs 0.03 per 100 patient years of follow-up, respectively); few patients with compensated cirrhosis and none with decompensated cirrhosis received IFN-containing regimens. Among subjects treated with IFN-free regimens, higher rates were observed with advanced liver disease and non SVR (see table). Conclusions: Data from the Gilead clinical trial and registry study databases show incidence of HCC in subjects treated with IFN-free regimens is similar to that reported in the IFN-era in similar populations. While SVR significantly reduces the risk of HCC, the risk is not completely eliminated, particularly among patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
Kumar, Rajender Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2014 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.2 No.2
This paper depicts a study conducted on the behavior of physical education students towards Internet usage at Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. Specially, the study aims to know the purposes for use of Internet resources and services, frequency of use, places and means of use, student's satisfaction level toward the Internet, and problems faced while using the Internet. A survey was carried out with a sample of 100 physical education students of Kurukshetra University and the response rate was 88%. A well-designed questionnaire was distributed to the students' sample. Amazingly, the results of the study reveal that usage of the Internet in research and education was not favored, whereas email, chatting, and sports websites were commonly used among students. The study also found that too much information on the Internet, slow access speeds, and finding relevant information were the main problems in using the Internet.
Jinghan Wang,김재현,Jeewon Bu,Dokyoon Kim,Soo Young Kim,남기태,Rajender S. Varma,Rajender S. Varma,Ho Won Jang,Rafael Luque,쇼코히메르모하메드레자 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.107 No.-
Metal organic framework (MOF)-derived nanocatalysts on various nanostructured supports are generallyefficient heterogeneous catalysts employable for organic transformations. Herein, nickel Prussian blue(PB) nanoparticles were deployed to form NiFe2O4 nanocatalysts supported on 2D molybdenum disulfide(MoS2) through a facile heat treatment. NiFe2O4 nanocatalysts could be uniformly dispersed on the highspecific-area MoS2 surface, representing a highly efficient, inexpensive, and magnetically recoverablenanocomposite catalyst. The semiconductor property of MoS2 ensures a high electric conductivity, thusenhancing electron transfer between the reductant and the reactant. Furthermore, the strong magneticcharacteristics enable its convenient separation from the reaction mixture. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles onMoS2-supported produces multiple electron transfer pathways and overcomes known drawbacks of catalyticmethods that use metals alone, endowing long-term cycle stability. Overall, MoS2/NiFe2O4 exhibitedan excellent catalytic activity and high yields in the reduction of nitrobenzene in water, maintainedeven after five cycles.
SHOKOUHIMEHRMOHAMMADREZA,Rajender S. Varma,장호원,Ji-Won Choi,Joo Hwan Cha,Tae Hyung Lee,Jun Min Suh,Kaiqiang Zhang 나노기술연구협의회 2019 Nano Convergence Vol.6 No.6
A low-cost nanocomposite catalyst containing copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) on graphene oxide (GO) was fabricated by a facile hydrothermal self-assembly process. The segregated CuO NPs and GO exhibited negligible catalytic activities for the reduction of nitroaromatics. However, their hybrid composite accomplished facile reduction with high conversions for several substituted nitroaromatics in aqueous NaBH4 solution; synergetic coupling effect of CuO NPs with GO in the nanocomposite catalyst provided excellent catalytic activity. The nanocomposite catalyst could be separated from the reaction mixture and recycled consecutively.