Influence of Quaternary Benzophenantridine and Protopine Alkaloids on Growth Performance, Dietary Energy, Carcass Traits, Visceral Mass, and Rumen Health in Finishing Ewes under Conditions of Severe Temperature-humidity Index

Estrada-Angulo, A.,Aguilar-Hernandez, A.,Osuna-Perez, M.,Nunez-Benitez, V.H.,Castro-Perez, B.I.,Silva-Hidalgo, G.,Contreras-Perez, G.,Barreras, A.,Plascencia, A.,Zinn, R.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.5

Twenty $Pelibuey{\times}Katahdin$ ewes ($35{\pm}2.3kg$) were used to determine the effects of the consumption of standardized plant extract containing a mixture of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine alkaloids (QBA+PA) on growth performance, dietary energetics, visceral mass, and ruminal epithelial health in heat-stressed ewes fed with a high-energy corn-based diet. The basal diet (13.9% crude protein and 2.09 Mcal of net energy [NE] of maintenance/kg of dry matter) contained 49.7% starch and 15.3% neutral detergent fiber. Source of QBA+PA was Sangrovit RS (SANG) which contains 3 g of quaternary benzophenathridine and protopine alkaloids per kg of product. Treatments consisted of a daily consumption of 0 or 0.5 g SANG/ewe. Ewes were grouped by weight and assigned to 10 pens (5 pens/treatment), with two ewes per pen. The experimental period lasted 70 days. The mean temperature humidity index during the course of this experiment was $81.7{\pm}1.0$ (severe heat stress). There were no treatment effects on water intake. Dry matter intake was not affected (p = 0.70) by treatments, but the group fed SANG had a numerically (11.2%) higher gain in comparison to the control group, SANG improved gain efficiency (8.3%, p = 0.04), dietary NE (5.2%, p<0.01) and the observed-to-expected NE (5.9%, p<0.01). Supplemental SANG did not affect ($p{\geq}0.12$) carcass characteristics, chemical composition of shoulder, and organ weights (g/kg empty body weight) of stomach complex, intestines, and heart/lung. Supplemental SANG decreased liver weight (10.3%, p = 0.02) and increased visceral fat (16.9%, p = 0.02). Rumen epithelium of ewes fed SANG had lower scores for cellular dropsical degeneration (2.08 vs 2.34, p = 0.02), parakeratosis (1.30 vs 1.82, p = 0.03) and neutrophil infiltration (2.08 vs 2.86, p = 0.05) than controls. It is concluded that SANG supplementation helped ameliorate the negative effects of severe heat on growth performance of feedlot ewes fed high-energy corn-based diets. Improvement in energetic efficiency may have been mediated, in part, by anti-inflammatory effects of supplemental SANG and corresponding enhancement of nutrient uptake.

Effects of Interactions Among Alloying Elements on the Microstructure, Phase Transitions, and Electrical Resistivity of the Cu81Al19 Alloy

R. D. A. Pinto,L. D. R. Ferreira,R. A. G. Silva 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.8

Cu–Al alloys have been used for marine applications due to their corrosion resistance and smart materials based on the shapememory effect. A technological tendency for Cu–Al alloys is the development of increasingly complex formulations, althoughthe role of alloying elements still unclear in comparison to other metallurgical systems, such as steels. In the present study,2 at% Cu were substituted by equal quantities of Ni and Ga in the Cu81Al19alloy, which are elements from the same periodand similar in size to the Cu atom. The obtained alloys were analyzed by several characterization techniques. The resultsshowed that the Ni addition increases the critical temperatures and decreases the microhardness values. The Ga additionhas the opposite effect. Both alloying elements produce new phases in the microstructures, hamper the α phase ordering,accelerate the β phase decomposition, and increase the conductivity of the Cu81Al19alloy. From this study, it is possible torealize that small changes in atomic features (electronic structure, atomic radius, valence, electronegativity) from a portionof atoms are enough to obtain distinctive materials, which turns the design of new Cu–Al alloys and the prediction of theirproperties a challenging task.

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Li, G. J.,Hyde, K. D.,Zhao, R. L.,Hongsanan, S.,Abdel-Aziz, F. A.,Abdel-Wahab, M. A.,Alvarado, P.,Alves-Silva, G.,Ammirati, J. F.,Ariyawansa, H. A. Springer Science and Business Media 2016 FUNGAL DIVERSITY Vol.78 No.1

<P>Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.</P>

Effects of progestagen exposure duration on estrus synchronization and conception rates of crossbreed ewes undergoing fixed time artificial insemination

Wanessa Blaschi,Paula A. Lunardelli,Luciana S.R. Marinho,Marilu C. Max,Gustavo M.G. Santos,Katia C. Silva-Santos,Fabiana A. Melo-Sterza,Hernan Baldassarre,Thales R. Rigo,Marcelo M. Seneda 대한수의학회 2014 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.15 No.3

Synchronization of estrus and ovulation are of paramountimportance in modern livestock improvement programs. These methods are critical for assisted reproductiontechnologies, including artificial insemination and embryotransfer, that can increase productivity. In the current study,subcutaneous implants containing norgestomet were placedfor long (14 days), medium (9 days), and short (5 days)periods of time in 70 crossbred ewes undergoing fixed-timeartificial insemination. The resulting effects on estrussynchronization and conception rates were subsequentlyevaluated. Among the synchronized ewes, 85.7% (60/70)underwent estrus over a period of 72 h after progestagentreatment ceased. The shortest mean interval betweenwithdrawal of the device and onset of estrus (34.2 ± 8.9 h) wasobserved in the G14 days of P4 group (p < 0.05). Theconception rate of the G14 days of P4 group was statisticallyhigher than that of the other groups (83.3% vs. 60.9% vs. 47.8%; p < 0.05). In conclusion, 14 days of norgestomettreatment produced higher conception rates and a greaternumber of pregnancies at the beginning of the breeding season.

Mineral Metabolism in Singleton and Twin-pregnant Dairy Goats

Harter, C.J.,Castagnino, D.S.,Rivera, A.R.,Lima, L.D.,Silva, H.G.O.,Mendonca, A.N.,Bonfim, G.F.,Liesegang, A.,St-Pierre, N.,Teixeira, I.A.M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes significant physiological changes. The present study assessed the changes on calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) metabolism in singleton and twin-pregnant dairy goats. The 42 goats used ($49.5kg{\pm}7.6$ body weight [BW]) were assigned at random to treatments that were factorially arranged to account for 2 breeds (Oberhasli and Saanen), 2 pregnancy types (singleton and twin) and 3 gestation periods (80, 110, and 140 days). Digestibility trials were performed at 80, 110, and 140 days of gestation. Mineral retention during pregnancy was determined in the maternal body, femur, uterus, mammary gland, fetus and fetal fluid. Blood samples were taken during pregnancy before and after a meal, and Ca, P, Mg, Na, K ions and alkaline phosphatase activity determined in serum. Bone mineral density was determined in the right femur. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS MIXED procedure. Dry matter intake decreased linearly up to 140 days of gestation. Maternal BW gain, and Ca, P, and Mg retention (g/kg) decreased linearly with the advance of gestation days. Macromineral retention in maternal body (g/kg) was greater in Oberhasli than Saanen goats, and their fetuses had higher Ca, P, and Mg deposition (mg/g). Mineral retention (mg/g) increased in fetuses according to pregnancy development, with no differences between singleton and twin pregnancy. In the mammary gland, the retention of all minerals (g) increased with the days of pregnancy. In conclusion, related to Ca, P, and Mg metabolism can be divided into two stages. Up to 80 days of gestation, was characterized by the preparation of the maternal body reserves for future mineral demands. From 80 days of gestation onward, was characterized by the transfer of maternal body reserves for fetal development and colostrum production. Na and K supply was provided by adjustments in endogenous excretion and an increase in intestinal absorption. Finally, mineral metabolism was specific to each genotype and, except for Na, was not affected by the number of fetuses.

Mineral Metabolism in Singleton and Twin-pregnant Dairy Goats

C.J. Harter,D.S. Castagnino,A.R. Rivera,L.D. Lima,H.G.O. Silva,A.N. Mendonca,G.F. Bonfim,A. Liesegang,N. St-Pierre,I.A.M.A. Teixeira 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes significant physiological changes. The present study assessed the changes on calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) metabolism in singleton and twin-pregnant dairy goats. The 42 goats used (49.5 kg±7.6 body weight [BW]) were assigned at random to treatments that were factorially arranged to account for 2 breeds (Oberhasli and Saanen), 2 pregnancy types (singleton and twin) and 3 gestation periods (80, 110, and 140 days). Digestibility trials were performed at 80, 110, and 140 days of gestation. Mineral retention during pregnancy was determined in the maternal body, femur, uterus, mammary gland, fetus and fetal fluid. Blood samples were taken during pregnancy before and after a meal, and Ca, P, Mg, Na, K ions and alkaline phosphatase activity determined in serum. Bone mineral density was determined in the right femur. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS MIXED procedure. Dry matter intake decreased linearly up to 140 days of gestation. Maternal BW gain, and Ca, P, and Mg retention (g/kg) decreased linearly with the advance of gestation days. Macromineral retention in maternal body (g/kg) was greater in Oberhasli than Saanen goats, and their fetuses had higher Ca, P, and Mg deposition (mg/g). Mineral retention (mg/g) increased in fetuses according to pregnancy development, with no differences between singleton and twin pregnancy. In the mammary gland, the retention of all minerals (g) increased with the days of pregnancy. In conclusion, related to Ca, P, and Mg metabolism can be divided into two stages. Up to 80 days of gestation, was characterized by the preparation of the maternal body reserves for future mineral demands. From 80 days of gestation onward, was characterized by the transfer of maternal body reserves for fetal development and colostrum production. Na and K supply was provided by adjustments in endogenous excretion and an increase in intestinal absorption. Finally, mineral metabolism was specific to each genotype and, except for Na, was not affected by the number of fetuses.

From high pressure radial collapse to graphene ribbon formation in triple-wall carbon nanotubes

Silva-Santos, S.D.,Alencar, R.S.,Aguiar, A.L.,Kim, Y.A.,Muramatsu, H.,Endo, M.,Blanchard, N.P.,San-Miguel, A.,Souza Filho, A.G. Elsevier 2019 Carbon Vol.141 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The radial stability and the irreversible transformation of triple-wall carbon nanotubes (TWCNTs) bundles are investigated at high pressure conditions both experimentally and theoretically (exp. up 72 GPa). The tubes having a mean internal diameter of 0.83 nm and graphite-like intertube distance, show an onset of the radial collapse evidenced by the evolution of optical phonons. The nanotube collapse onset is observed at ∼ 22 GPa completes for the two external tubes at ∼ 29 GPa, however the innermost tube remains stable up to ∼ 37 GPa. Molecular dynamic calculations performed on smaller diameter TWCNTs bundles, as a model system, confirmed the multiple-stage pressure-induced collapse process. An analytical expression for the collapse pressure of carbon nanotubes having an arbitrary number of walls is proposed. Our experiments and modelling show that for pressures beyond ∼ 60 GPa an irreversible structural transformation of TWCNTs takes place. <I>Ex situ</I> transmission electron microscopy characterization on the recovered sample from 72 GPa revealed the mechanical failure of carbon nanotubes which evolve towards ribbon-like structures as corroborated by Raman spectroscopy. Modelling the tubes evolution at high pressure and high temperature showed the formation of new structures ranging from ribbon-like to graphite-like with either different degrees of amorphization or s <SUP> p 3 </SUP> interlinking.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Industrial and environmental significance of photonic zirconia nanoflakes: Influence of boron doping on structure and band states

S.P. Ratnayake,C. Sandaruwan,M.M.M.G.P.G. Mantilaka,N. de Silva,D. Dahanayake,U.K Wanninayake,W.R.L.N. Bandara,S. Santhoshkumar,E. Murugan,G.A.J.Amaratunga,K.M. Nalin de Silva 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.95 No.-

A unique zirconia nanomorphology possessing an enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was developedutilizing a convenient single-sol synthesis process which involved in-situ doping of zirconia by boron. The boron-doped zirconia exhibited aflake morphology as opposed to the spherical pure form andsubsequent crystallographic investigations implied the phase conversion from binary to single-phasealong with the shape due to the doping. Optical characterization indicated a modified band structurewith newly generated isolated impurity states within the principle zirconia band edges. As per the X-rayspectroscopy data, boron was detected as chemically bound to oxygen while electron paramagneticresonance indicated the presence of an adsorbed oxygen lattice. During UV and simulated solarirradiation trials, respective removal capabilities of 90% and 93% of the model compound wereaccomplished, hence the effectiveness of the photocatalyst was confirmed. The enhanced photoactivityobserved in the UV region was attributed to combined effects of the boron-induced isolated impuritystates within principle band edges of zirconia, the defect-rich planer morphology, favorable interfacialinteractions and the greater availability of oxygen on the lattice. Developed nanoflakes are stable, inert,and efficient hence exhibiting compelling suitability in the remediation of harmful industrial organiccompounds.

Meat Quality of Lambs Fed on Palm Kernel Meal, a By-product of Biodiesel Production

Ribeiro, R.D.X.,Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes,Macome, F.M.,Bagaldo, A.R.,Silva, M.C.A.,Ribeiro, C.V.D.M.,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Lanna, D.P.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.10

This study aimed to establish the optimum level of palm kernel meal in the diet of Santa Ines lambs based on the sensorial characteristics and fatty acid profile of the meat. We used 32 lambs with a starting age of 4 to 6 months and mean weight of $22{\pm}2.75kg$, kept in individual stalls. The animals were fed with Tifton-85 hay and a concentrate mixed with 0.0, 6.5, 13.0 or 19.5% of palm kernel meal based on the dry mass of the complete diet. These levels formed the treatments. Confinement lasted 80 days and on the last day the animals were fasted and slaughtered. After slaughter, carcasses were weighed and sectioned longitudinally, along the median line, into two antimeres. Half-carcasses were then sliced between the 12th and 13th ribs to collect the loin (longissimus dorsi), which was used to determine the sensorial characteristics and fatty acid profile of the meat. For sensorial evaluation, samples of meat were given to 54 judges who evaluated the tenderness, juiciness, appearance, aroma and flavor of the meat using a hedonic scale. Fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The addition of palm kernel meal to the diet had no effect on the sensorial characteristics of meat juiciness, appearance, aroma or flavor. However, tenderness showed a quadratic relationship with the addition of the meal to the diet. The concentration of fatty acids C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 increased with the addition of palm kernel meal, as did the sum of medium-chain fatty acids and the atherogenicity index. Up to of 19.5% of the diet of Santa Ines lambs can be made up of palm kernel meal without causing significant changes in sensorial characteristics. However, the fatty acid profile of the meat was altered.

Diets Based on Sugar Cane Treated with Calcium Oxide for Lambs

Carvalho, G.G.P.,Garcia, R.,Pires, A.J.V.,Silva, R.R.,Detmann, E.,Filho, A. Eustaquio,Ribeiro, L.S.O.,Carvalho, L.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.2

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and the effect of total collection days (two and four days) on apparent digestibility estimates for lambs fed diets containing sugar cane treated with calcium oxide (CaO). Eight Santa In$\hat{e}$s castrated male lambs with a $16.6{\pm}1.8$ kg body weight were used. The lambs were distributed in two $4{\times}4$ Latin squares, with four experimental periods of 14 d each. The animals were kept in 1.2 $m^2$ individual pens, and the intake and digestibility evaluations were performed during the last four days of each period. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 14% crude protein (CP), and presenting 70% sugar cane treated with 0, 0.75, 1.5 or 2.25% of CaO (as-fed basis), corrected with 1% urea, and 30% concentrate. The sugar cane with added CaO was chopped, treated, and offered to the animals after 24 h of storage. The sugar cane with CaO increased the DM, OM, CP, NDF, NDFap, TC, NFCap and TDN intake (kg/d), when compared to natural sugar cane, and produced the same intake expressed as a percentage of body weight (% BW). The NFCap digestibility of the CaO-treated sugar cane was inferior to the NFCap digestibility in natural sugar cane. There was a linear increase in the DM intake with the CaO-added sugar cane, but the DM and NDF digestibility and the TDN content decreased linearly. The chemical treatment of sugar cane with CaO increases the intake but does not improve the nutrient digestibility. Two days of total fecal collection were found to be sufficient to estimate the total apparent digestibility in lambs.