Evolving Bureaucratic Politics in Chinese Foreign Policy-Making

( Qingmin Zhang ) 한국국방연구원 2015 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.27 No.4

Growing economically more powerful and confident, China is exerting unprecedented influence on global affairs. But the diverse voices and sometimes inconsistencies in its foreign policy behavior have confused many China watchers. Such phenomena demonstrate some new trends in Chinese foreign policy. In order to unveil such trends, this paper intends to look at Chinese foreign policy practices by employing the theoretical framework of bureaucratic politics. Its conclusion is that the foreign policy-making process of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has progressed from the ideology based in-party factionalism of “line battles” to interest-based government politics of organizational competition. The early stage has distinctive Chinese characteristics, which are different from Western bureaucratic politics. But as Chinese society becomes more diversified, the bureaucratic politics in China begins to share more similarities with those in the Western democracies. Such trends render the application of Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) to the research of Chinese foreign policymaking both necessary and beneficial to the construction of theories of foreign policy analysis, as well as research on China’s foreign policy itself.

On-line Temperature Monitoring of the GIS Contacts Based on Infrared Sensing Technology

Qingmin Li,Haoxi Cong,Jinyuan Xing,Bo Qi,Chengrong Li 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.4

Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is widely used in the power systems, however, the contacts overheating of the inside circuit breaker or disconnector may be a potential cause of developing accidents. As the temperature of the contacts cannot be directly acquired due to existence of the metallic shield, an infrared sensor is adopted to directly measure the temperature of the shield and then the contacts temperature can be indirectly obtained by data fitting, based on which the on-line temperature monitoring technology specifically for GIS contacts based on infrared sensing is proposed in this paper. A real GIS test platform is constructed and experimental studies are carried out to account for the influential factors that affect the accuracy of the infrared temperature measurement. A heat transfer model of the GIS module is also developed, together with experimental studies, the nonlinear temperature relationship among the contacts, the metallic shield and the environment based on a neural network algorithm is established. Finally, an integrated on-line temperature monitoring system for the GIS contacts is developed for on-site applications.

Composite Materials : BEHAVIOR OF PARTICLES IN FLOWING FLUID AT THE SOLID - LIQUID INTERFACE DURING SOLIDIFICATION OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE

Liu Qingmin,Jiao Yuning,Yang Yuansheng,Hu Zhuangqi 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1995 Advanced Material and Processing Vol.3 No.-

Experimental study on the controlled air oxidation of sawdust in a packed-bed reactor

Meng Qingmin,Chen Xiaoping,Bu Changsheng,Ma Jiliang 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.4

The controlled air oxidation technology is a promising way of disposing medical waste, which has been a huge challenge in China. It converts waste through partial oxidation into a gaseous mixture, small quantities of char and condensable compounds. But operational performance of the primary chamber of the controlled air incinerator is poorly understood, leading to difficulty in control. In this paper, a packed-bed reactor was established to study the effect of O2 concentration on sawdust oxidation. The feed gas flow rate was kept constant at 0.6 m3/h at room temperature (26 oC) with O2 concentrations varied from 6% to 12%. Temperature profiles of the beds, product yields and gas compositions in the out-of-bed fuel gas were measured in detail. The results showed that the sawdust beds achieved low temperatures for the given O2 concentrations and leveled off in the oxidation processes. The bed temperatures increased and the solid yields decreased with the increase of O2 concentrations. When the O2 concentration was 10%, the gas yield reached a minimum and the liquid reached a maximum correspondingly. When the O2 concentration increased from 6% to 10%, the peak concentrations of CO and CH4 in the gas yield increased. However, when the O2 concentration exceeded 10%, CO and CH4 concentrations decreased. As O2 concentration varied from 6% to 12%, CO2 concentration increased continuously. This study provides a fundamental insight that the reaction processes could be well regulated by means of adjusting the feed air in practical units.

Layer-by-Layer Films of Dual-Pore Carbon Capsules with Designable Selectivity of Gas Adsorption

Ji, Qingmin,Yoon, Suk Bon,Hill, Jonathan P.,Vinu, Ajayan,Yu, Jong-Sung,Ariga, Katsuhiko American Chemical Society 2009 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.131 No.12

<P>Stable, homogeneous ultrathin films of uniformly dimensioned dual-pore carbon capsules with mesoporous walls and macroscopic empty cores were fabricated using layer-by-layer methods based on electrostatic interaction between a polyelectrolyte and a surfactant coating of the carbon capsules. The resulting dual-porous carbon capsule films were investigated as a sensor substrate for vapors of different organic solvents. The carbon capsule films have much higher adsorption capacities than conventional electrolyte films and even than noncapsular mesoporous carbon films. The dual-pore carbon capsules have greater affinities for aromatic volatiles over their aliphatic counterparts, probably due to stronger pi-pi interactions. Additionally, the adsorption selectivity can be designed. Impregnation of additional recognition components into the carbon capsules permits further control over adsorption selectivity between aromatic and nonaromatic substances and between acids and bases in the prevailing atmosphere. Therefore, it is anticipated that the dual-pore carbon capsule films developed in this work will find application in sensing and separation applications because of their designable selectivity.</P>

Hierarchic Nanostructure for Auto-Modulation of Material Release: Mesoporous Nanocompartment Films

Ji, Qingmin,Acharya, Somobrata,Hill, Jonathan P.,Vinu, Ajayan,Yoon, Suk Bon,Yu, Jong-Sung,Sakamoto, Kazutami,Ariga, Katsuhiko WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.19 No.11

<P>The preparation of mesoporous nanocompartment films composed of both hollow silica capsules and silica particles by using layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption is described. The resultant nanocompartment films exhibit stepwise release of encapsulated water molecules without application of external stimuli. The hollow hierarchic pore structure of the silica capsules, including their internal void and mesoporous walls, is a key factor for the regulation and stepwise release of water, and is probably caused by the non-equilibrated concurrent evaporation of material from the mesopore and capillary penetration into the mesopores. The number of release steps and rate of release can be tuned by variation of several parameters including water content, ambient temperature, layer multiplicity, and co-adduct particle size. Application of the mesoporous nanocompartment films for the release of substances, including therapeutic agents and fragrances, indicates that the stepwise material release can be applied for a wide range of liquid substances. The films should lead to a novel material release system useful even for biomedical applications capable of controlled and sustained delivery of drug molecules.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Hollow silica capsules are used to fabricate mesoporous compartment films capable of uptake and release of encapsulated molecules. Variable diffusion rates from interior to exterior result in an auto-modulated stepwise release behaviour without applying any external stimuli. <img src='wiley_img/1616301X-2009-19-11-ADFM200801762-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/1616301X-2009-19-11-ADFM200801762-content'> </P>

On-line Temperature Monitoring of the GIS Contacts Based on Infrared Sensing Technology

Li, Qingmin,Cong, Haoxi,Xing, Jinyuan,Qi, Bo,Li, Chengrong The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.4

Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is widely used in the power systems, however, the contacts overheating of the inside circuit breaker or disconnector may be a potential cause of developing accidents. As the temperature of the contacts cannot be directly acquired due to existence of the metallic shield, an infrared sensor is adopted to directly measure the temperature of the shield and then the contacts temperature can be indirectly obtained by data fitting, based on which the on-line temperature monitoring technology specifically for GIS contacts based on infrared sensing is proposed in this paper. A real GIS test platform is constructed and experimental studies are carried out to account for the influential factors that affect the accuracy of the infrared temperature measurement. A heat transfer model of the GIS module is also developed, together with experimental studies, the nonlinear temperature relationship among the contacts, the metallic shield and the environment based on a neural network algorithm is established. Finally, an integrated on-line temperature monitoring system for the GIS contacts is developed for on-site applications.

Self-assembly of glycolipids on silica nanotube templates yielding hybrid nanotubes with concentric organic and inorganic layers

Ji, Qingmin,Kamiya, Shoko,Jung, Jong-Hwa,Shimizu, Toshimi Royal Society of Chemistry 2005 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.15 No.7

<P>The fabrication of organic–inorganic hybrid nanotubes organized into concentric layers is described. Self-assembly of glycolipids inside the confined nanospace of hollow cylindrical silica nanotubes produced a hybrid nanotube consisting of two concentric layers, one of silica and one of lipid. Addition of glucopyranosyl ammonium cation induced concomitant self-assembly of lipid layers on both the inner and the outer surfaces of the silica nanotube, producing hybrid nanotubes with concentric lipid–silica–lipid walls. Subsequent sol–gel reaction using these lipid–silica–lipid nanotubes resulted in the formation of more complex hybrid nanotubes with a concentric five-layered structure of silica–lipid–silica–lipid–silica. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to confirm the formation of the concentric alternating layers of organic and inorganic materials in the hybrid nanotubes.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A variety of organic–inorganic hybrid nanotube structures with concentric layers have been fabricated by using a silica nanotube as a starting template. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b412725k'> </P>

A Hybrid Key Establishment Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Jianmin Zhang,Qingmin Cui,Rui Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.2

To establish pairwise keys for each pair of neighboring sensor nodes is a basic service, forming the basis other security services, such as authentication and encrypted in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, due to constrained energy, memory, and computational capabilities of sensor nodes to establish the pairwise key is challenging task. Here, a combination of polynomial pool-based and the probabilistic key predistribution scheme for WSN is presented. In the proposed scheme part of sensor nodes are pre-loaded polynomial shares, and the polynomial shares are used to compute the keys which make up a key pool. And the rest of sensor nodes are preloaded the keys selected from this key pool. The proposed scheme is analyzed based on connectivity, resistance against attacks, memory consumption and communication overhead. And the simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs better in terms of network resilience to node capture compared to the existing schemes.

Contact analysis and optimization design of blade and disc assembly based on mesh deformation

Baizhi Wang,Qingmin Yu,Naixian Hou,Zhufeng Yue 국제구조공학회 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.33 No.6