캡사이신유도체를 함유하는 폴록사머 겔제제의 물리화학적 특성 : based Gel Containing Capsaicin Analog

김태완,조청일,최춘영,이범진 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.1

Physicochemical changes of poloxamer-based gel containing capsaicin analog (N-[3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl]-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-methoxypheny] acetamide) such as drug content, viscosity and surface tension were investigated during the storage conditions at three different temperatures (25, 40 and 60℃) over 90 days. No noticeable changes of color were observed when stored at 25 and 40℃. However, the color of white poloxamer gels turned yellow during storage at 60℃. The drug contents were unchanged during storage at 25℃ but had tendency to decrease at 40℃. The drug contents were highly decreased over 40-50% when stored at 60℃. The viscosity of a poloxamer-based gel was unchanged during storage at 25 and 40℃ but greatly increased at 60℃. The surface tension of a poloxamer-based gel was not changed at three different temperatures. The storage conditions of a poloxamer-based gel containing capsaicin analog can be considered for further clinical applications.

Circadian variations in the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and urinary excretion of nifedipine after a single oral administration to rats

Cao, Qing-Ri,Kim, Tae-Wan,Choi, Jun Shik,Lee, Beom-Jin John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2005 Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition Vol.26 No.9

<P>Circadian variations in the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and urinary excretion of nifedipine were examined in fasted rats after administering a single oral dose at three different dosing times (08:00 am, 16:00 pm, 00:00 am). The plasma concentrations, the areas under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 6 h (AUC<SUB>0–6 h</SUB>) and the peak plasma concentration (C<SUB>max</SUB>) were significantly higher in the rats dosed at 08:00 am (immediately inactive), and was lower at 16:00 pm (most inactive) and 00:00 am (most active). The time to reach the C<SUB>max</SUB> (T<SUB>max</SUB>) was the shortest in the rats dosed at 08:00 am. It was very interesting to observe the double peak phenomena in the plasma concentration profiles, showing a larger peak followed by a smaller peak. There was a dosing time dependency on the tissue distribution 30 min after administration, showing a similar tendency to the pharmacokinetic behavior. However, there was no distinct dosing time dependency observed at 2 h after administration due to the extensive disposition. The cumulative urine excretion of nifedipine in the rats dosed at 08:00 am was significantly higher (about two-fold) than in those dosed at 16:00 pm and 00:00 am. The pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in the rats was consistent with that observed in human subjects in terms of the day–night clock time but the biological time was the opposite, as marked by the rest–activity cycles. These results may help to explain the circadian time-dependency of nifedipine pharmacokinetics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Physicochemical characterization and cytotoxicity of chitosanmodified single walled carbon nanotubes as drug carriers

Qing‑Ri Cao,Xiao‑Xue Zhang,Hao‑Yan Huang,Li‑Qing Chen,Hehua Jin,Beom‑Jin Lee,Jing‑Hao Cui 한국약제학회 2019 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.49 No.1

The application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as drug carriers is limited by their poor dispersal in aqueous medium. This study aimed to prepare chitosan (CS)-modified SWCNTs (CS-SWCNTs) and to evaluate their physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity. Oxidized SWCNTs (O-SWCNTs) were prepared with the use of strong acid, and the effects of acidizing conditions on the oxidation degree of the O-SWCNTs were investigated. CS was then non-covalently modified on the surfaces of O-SWCNTs. O-SWCNTs and CS-SWCNTs were characterized through ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxic effects of the functionalized SWCNTs were determined through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. O-SWCNTs with relatively complete structure were successfully synthesized through 5 h of treatment with 5 M acid. The amine group of the CS and the carboxyl group of O-SWCNTs interacted in CS-SWCNTs. The functionalized SWCNTs did not aggregate or precipitate in water and exerted no cytotoxic effects on A549 and MCF-7 tumor cells. The CS-SWCNTs possess the advantages of a simple preparation process, excellent water dispersibility, and biocompatibility for drug loading.

Effect of Solvents on Physical Properties and Release Characteristics of Monolithic Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Matrix Granules and Tablets

Qing-Ri Cao,최연웅,Jing-Hao Cui,Beom-Jin Lee 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.4

Effect of solvents on physical characteristics and release characteristics of monolithic acetaminophen (APAP) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrix granules and tablets were examined. Various types and amounts of solvents were employed for granulation and coating. APAP and other excipients were mixed and were then wet-granulated in a high-speed mixer. The dried granules were then directly compressed and film-coated with low viscosity grade HPMC. As the amount of water increased, the size of granules also increased, showing more spherical and regular shape. However, manufacturing problems such as capping and lamination in tableting occurred when water was used alone as a granulating solvent. The physical properties of HPMC matrix granules were not affected by the batch size. The initial release rate as well as the amount of APAP dissolved had a tendency to decrease as the water level increased. Addition of nonaqueous solvent like ethanol to water resulted in good physical properties of granules. When compared to water/ethanol as a coating solvent, the release rate of film-coated HPMC matrix tablets was more sensitive to the conditions of coating and drying in methylene chloride/ethanol. Most of all, monolithic HPMC matrix tablet when granulated in ethanol/ water showed dual release with about 50% drug release immediately within few minutes followed by extended release. It was evident that the type and amount of solvents (mainly water and ethanol) were very important for wet granulation and film-coating of monolithic HPMC matrix tablet, because the plastic deforming and fragmenting properties of material were changed by the different strengths of the different solvents.

Determination of Highly Soluble L-Carnitine in Biological Samples by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescent Derivatization

Cao, Qing-Ri,Ren, Shan,Park, Mi-Jin,Choi, Yun-Jaie,Lee, Beom-Jin 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.8

This study was performed in order to validate an effective high performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC) method to determine L-carnitine in biological samples such as plasma, milk and muscle in cows. An L-carnitine derivative for fluorescence absorption was synthesized with 1-aminoanthracene (16 mg/mL in acetone) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC: 160 mg/mL in 0.01 M $NaH_2PO_4$ buffer) as a precolumn fluorescent derivative reagent. ${\gamma}-Butyrobetaine$ HCI was used as an internal standard. A reversed-phase column with fluorescence detection at the excitation and emission wavelengths of 248 and 418 nm were used. The mobile phase consisted of 30% acetonitrile with 0.1 M ammonium acetate in water (pH 3.5) adjusted with acetic acid and delivered at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The L-carnitine concentration in plasma, milk and muscle samples of cows after oral feeding with 24 g L-carnitine/day for 2 months was then determined. All biological samples were deproteinated by barium hydroxide and zinc sulfate heptahydrate before the derivative reaction. Blank cow plasma was dialyzed using cellulose membrane for standard calibration. The calibration curve showed good linearity ($r^2$ >0.999) over the concentration range of 50 to 5000 ng/mL. The precision and accuracy were also satisfactory with less than 15% intra- and inter- day coefficiency of variations. The peaks of L-carnitine and internal standard in HPLC chromatography were successfully separated in plasma, milk and muscle samples of cows. The current derivatization method of L-carnitine for fluorescence detection was simple and adequately sensitive and could be applied to determine L-carnitine in biological samples.

Legal Comparison and Study of United States & China`s Supervision and Regulation on Crossborder Merger & Acquisition from an Anti-monopolistic Perspective

( Cao Qing ),( Song Shu ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2010 Korea University Law Review Vol.8 No.-

American legal system is standing as a beacon of the world, which established the first Antitrust Law successfully. In terms of cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) legislation, what beyond doubt is that America possesses the most advanced regime which is worth learning. The stark fact is that China still has a long way to go even though a legislative breakthrough has just been achieved by the enactment of the first Antimonopoly Law. By a comparative study of both US regime and China regime, the purpose of this paper is to figure out the achievements and shortcomings of China`s legislation on cross-border M&A. The first section of this paper introduces cross-border M&A in definition and classification. Section two is an overview of American legislations on cross-border M&A. Relevant laws and regulations will be embodied here based upon their characteristics and achievements. Section three focuses on the new achievements and shortcomings in China`s legislation on cross-border M&A, as a part of Antimonopoly Law of China. Besides, the most significant case after the enactment of Antimonopoly Law will be discussed and analyzed in this section. The final section draws the conclusion that likely improvements should be made and positive measures should be taken by Chinese authority as to effectively enforce Chinese Antimonopoly Law to regulate cross-border M&A activities.

Improved Multi-target Tracking Algorithm Based on Gaussian Mixture Particle PHD Filter

Qing Lin,Pei Cao,Dingan Liao,Yongzhao Zhan,Yaping Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.2

The paper proposes Gaussian mixture particle probability hypothesis density filter(PHD) algorithm ,which can effectively solve the problem that the object number is changing or unknown, based on particle PHD filter. This algorithm calculates the object number and state by recursive procedure, avoiding the uncertainty of target state estimation caused by particle sampling and clustering. Gaussian mixture particle is introduced to effectively maintain the multi-modal distribution of each target,reducing the complexity of calculation.

Effect of Solvents on Physical Properties and Release Characteristics of Monolithic Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Matrix Granules and Tablets

Cao Qing-Ri,Choi Yun-Woong,Cui Jing-Hao,Lee Beom-Jin The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.4

Effect of solvents on physical characteristics and release characteristics of monolithic acetaminophen (APAP) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrix granules and tablets were examined. Various types and amounts of solvents were employed for granulation and coating. APAP and other excipients were mixed and were then wet-granulated in a high-speed mixer. The dried granules were then directly compressed and film-coated with low viscosity grade HPMC. As the amount of water increased, the size of granules also increased, showing more spherical and regular shape. However, manufacturing problems such as capping and lamination in tableting occurred when water was used alone as a granulating solvent. The physical properties of HPMC matrix granules were not affected by the batch size. The initial release rate as well as the amount of APAP dissolved had a tendency to decrease as the water level increased. Addition of nonaqueous solvent like ethanol to water resulted in good physical properties of granules. When compared to water/ethanol as a coating solvent, the release rate of film-coated HPMC matrix tablets was more sensitive to the conditions of coating and drying in methylene chloride/ethanol. Most of all, monolithic HPMC matrix tablet when granulated in ethanol/water showed dual release with about $50\%$ drug release immediately within few minutes followed by extended release. It was evident that the type and amount of solvents (mainly water and ethanol) were very important for wet granulation and film-coating of monolithic HPMC matrix tablet, because the plastic deforming and fragmenting properties of material were changed by the different strengths of the different solvents.

A Interior Design in the Teaching Building of Higher Vocational College Under the Skills-Based Society

Cao Qing,Song Wenting 한국디지털디자인협의회 2014 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2014 No.5

The development trend of the higher education from popularization to universalization reflects the great demand for skill-based talents in contemporary Chinese society, which has created a nice opportunity for the higher vocational education. It’s indispensable for a vocational campus to embody the modern educational model with innovative characteristics in its culture--the design of the internal environment. Campus culture is a comprehensive carrier of school spirit, style of study and school-running characteristics. From the perspective of the characteristics of social development, vocational education has been explored for many years and summarized an effective way the combination of production and research. The creation and reflection of distinctive vocational campus culture in the interior design of the teaching building incarnate university value orientation and aesthetic appeal. The design actively takes in and learns from the advanced enterprise culture and the cooperation with the industry, highlighting the characteristics of the enterprise culture. It makes the local culture and industry culture apply in the design. This article takes the interior design of Anqing Vocational and Technological College as an example to analyze the campus culture design of today’s higher vocational college through distinctive designs.

The Effects of Entrepreneurial Capability on the Dynamic Capability and Corporate Performance of Chinese SMEs

Qing-Lou Cao,Tae-Won Kang,Yong-Taek Lim 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.5

This research is designed to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial capability, dynamic capability and corporate performance in Chinese SMEs. The dimensional structure and scale of entrepreneurial capability, dynamic capability of enterprise and corporate performance are proposed to analyze the reliability and validity of entrepreneurial capability, dynamic capability and corporate performance in Chinese SMEs. A questionnaire survey is adopted to collect data, and it is assumed that the entrepreneurial capability of Chinese SMEs exerts a significant influence on the dynamic capability of an enterprise, while the entrepreneurial capability of Chinese SMEs exerts significant influence on corporate performance, in order to investigate the path model of the influences that entrepreneurial capability and dynamic capability exert on corporate performance. SPSS and AMOS are adopted for analysis, and the results indicate that entrepreneurial capability has a significant influence on the dynamic capability of an enterprise; an enterprise’s integration and reallocation capability and reform and innovation capability have a significant influence on corporate performance, an enterprise’s organizational learning capability exerts no significant influence on corporate performance. An entrepreneur’s capability of seizing opportunities has significant influence on corporate performance, and an entrepreneur’s innovation capability has a significant influence on the financial performance of enterprise, but has no impact on market performance. In this research, the relationship between entrepreneurial capability and corporate performance, and the relationship between entrepreneurial capability and corporate performance are verified so as to provide an important theoretical basis for improving corporate performance. Therefore, fully utilizing and improving entrepreneurial capability can improve the dynamic capability of an enterprise and further improve corporate performance.